Text Media

Text

•Backbone of information

• Combination of characters and symbols being

used to transfer, store, synthesize, and analyze
information

Text Media

• A means or channel that makes use of

symbols (characters, letters) which individuals
can analyze, interpret, and glean information
from.
Selection of Criteria
Characteristics of Text Media
Selection criteria refer to key aspects
• Accessible in multiple formats that individuals must take note of in
Text media is not limited to books, magazines, order to determine the best use of
or newspapers. It can also come in the form of text media in a scenario. Using
a billboard, subtitles to a movie, or an image selection criteria allows text media to
arranged to ressemble words.
be used effectively in disseminating
• Easily recognizable information.
Since this medium is widely used, it is easily • Purpose and appropriateness to the
recognized as a channel of communication. If a
audience
person looks at a phone message, they can
already tell that these characters mean
• Relevancy to today’s world and
something and contain information.
society
• Provides time for consideration
• Alignment to the organization or
Processing information takes time, but since
individual’s objectives and viewpoints
text media requires individuals to read and
analyze the characters to gain information user • Sustainability and cost-efficiency
often have time to process this information
while seeing it. Design Elements and Principles
• Customizable – can be general or specific
• Emphasis
Unlike other media forms, text information is
customizable. It can be used to transfer Focused on highlighting or giving
general or specific information. Additionally, importance to specific parts of the
text media is often combined with other content.
media.
• Contrast
• Literary critic
Develops interest in one’s content and
Although it is commonly used, text media elements. Two or more subjects that
requires individuals to be literate in the are entirely different need to be
meaning of the characters being used. This
placed in relation to each other.
need for comprehension sets a limit on the
capabilities of text media.
• Organization
Compartmentalizes and arranges all
elements of the page/media to
establish a theme or cohesive
structure.

• Repetition
In line with organization, this
establishes consistency and a sense of
theming across the medium.

• Alignment
Focused on the positioning of all
elements on the medium. This can be
centered, left, right, justified, one (1)
column, two (2) columns, or more.

• Proximity
Focused on the location of each
element and their relation to each
other. Proximity establishes the
relationship of an element with
another.
 Visual Media
Visual

• Images, pictures, illustrations, and diagrams

that are used to convey a message both
explicitly and implicitly.

Visual Media

• Means of communication that relies heavily

on the reader’s ability to see and perceive
things in order for information transfer to
occur

Characteristics of Visual Media

• Minimizes text Selection of Criteria

Since information is depicted directly
as images or diagrams, the need for • Motivation and vision
text has been removed.
• Relevance and currency
• Delivers the message quickly
• Engaging and eye catching
Unlike text media, visual media does
not require the user to invest large • Cohesive design that is
amounts of time to perceive, understandable
understand, and process the
Design Elements
information it is trying to send.
• Lines
• Highly customizable and varied
• Shapes
With the rise of new media, visual
• Values (degree of light and dark)
information has become a large
• Texture (how an image looks like
preference for many users.
how it would feel)
• Easily updated to be relevant • Color
Relevance and staying updated on • Form (volume and thickness of an
trends are easy for visual media since image)
it is directly linked to observations and
Design Principles
depictions of life and events.
• Repetition
• Accessible and recognizable
Consistency of all visual elements and
Since the format and modes of using
even text in the overall medium. This
visual media is highly varied, it
is to establish cohesiveness
becomes highly accessible as well.
throughout the medium.
Additionally, individuals can
immediately recognize visual media
and its message.
• Center of Interest
The area which first attracts the
attention in a composition Considered
as the most crucial part of visual
media

• Balance
The visual equality in shape, form,
value, color, etc. This can be achieved
based on symmetry or asymmetry.

• Harmony
The overall composition of similar
units to form the major view of the
medium

• Directional Movement
Focused on the visual flow through
the medium. It suggests the motion of
objects and how the reader will
perceive them. Techniques can
include the placement of dark and
light areas so that the attention is
directed to these areas first.

• Rhythm
Movement in which some elements
occur regularly Focuses on the flow
objects

• Perspective
Created through the arrangement of
objects in two (2) dimensional spaces
to look like they appear in real life.
 Audio Media often used to give emphasis or set the
pacing of audio media
Audio
Design Principles
• Perception of sounds with certain
• Mixing
notes and frequencies
Combination, balance, and control of
Audio Media multiple sound elements

• A means or channel that makes use • Pace

of certain sounds which have Time control, editing, order of events,
significant meaning to collect linear, non-linear, and multi-linear
information without using vision order

• Audio media can be divided into two • Transitions

(2) types: analog (direct duplication, Techniques used to move from one (1)
aims to replicate the original sound) segment to the other. Transitions vary
and digital (recreated sound from depending on the relationship of the
segmented parts). two (2) segments and also the context
with which it is being used. These
Selection of Criteria include segue, cross-fade (abrupt cut
• Purpose and appropriateness to the from one (1) to the other), V-fade
audience (first sound fades completely before
• Relevancy to today’s world and the second sound starts), and fade to
society black (similar to Vfade but with silence
• Alignment to the organization or in between the two (2) segments.
individual’s objectives and view points • Stereo-imaging
• Sustainability and cost-efficiency Making use of left and right channels
Design Elements to add depth to the sound

• Dialogue
Speech, conversations, voice over, etc.
Any sound that makes use of specific
intonations to convey messages from
one individual to another.

• Sound Effects
Additional sounds outside of music
and dialogue. These are often used to
give emphasis and setting.

• Music
Vocal or instrumental sounds
combined to produce a piece with
harmony and form

• Silence
Absence of audio or sound. These are Motion Media
Motion Media

• A type of visual media that simulates Design Principles

and represents movements
• Speed

• Timing

• Transitions

• Sound and Color

Design Elements

• Speed
The pacing of the movement can be
based on additional audio or the
context of the scenario. It helps
project the theme and emotion of the
information.

• Direction
This is where objects move can reflect
the progression or moving forward of
information transfer, or it can signify
crucial symbolize regarding the
relationships of the characters.

• Motion
These are the triggers that signify the
change in direction of an object.

• Timing
This can be objective (which is
measured in actual units of time) or
subjective (where it is psychological
rather than accurate to passage of
time).
 Manipulative
Media
Manipulatives in the context of
education are physical tools of
teaching, engaging students visually
and physically with objects such as VIRTUAL AND DIGITAL MANIPULATIVE
coins, blocks, puzzles, markers, etc. MEDIA

The use of manipulatives is With the dawn of the digital age,

constructivist because students are education should keep up with the
actively engaged in discovery during 21st-century learners’ interests. To do
the learning process. A teacher so, education has been merged with
provides the materials along with technology in such a way that
basic directions, but students should students can learn more with the aid
be allowed to explore the materials of these devices.
and ask questions before and during
the lesson.”

TYPES OF
MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
TRADITIONAL MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
BRIEF HISTORY
Traditional Manipulative Media is
actually being used in particular JOHANN HEINRICH PESTALLOZI (1746-1827)
schools, wherein they use different He asserted that students need to learn
materials that the students can use to through their senses and physical activity He
have a hands-on experience regarding argued for “things before words, concrete
the lesson. before abstract.”

FRIEDRICH FROBEL (1782-1852)

He is the “Father of Kindergarten.” He created

the world’s first kindergarten in Germany.
Influenced by Pestalozzi’s ideas, Froebel’s
kindergarten was filled with “toys” categorized
as a specific set of “gifts” that are physical
objects such as balls, blocks, rings, tiles, and
sticks. These gifts were carefully designed to
help children recognize and appreciate the
common patterns and forms found in nature

MARIA MONTESSORI (1870-1952)

She extended Froebel’s ideas by developing

materials for older children and inspiring a
network of schools in which manipulative
materials (montessori materials) play a central
role. To create an “education of the senses,”
Montessori developed new materials and
activities to help children develop their sensory
capabilities. Montessori hoped that her
materials would put children in control of the
learning process, enabling them to learn
through personal investigation and exploration

JEAN PIAGET (1896-1980)

He theorized that children must first construct

knowledge through “concrete operations”
before moving on to “formal operations,” thus,
the need for concrete manipulatives to
develop direct physical experience,
equilibration, assimilation, and
accommodation.
 Text-Based languages often use curly-brackets for this

Programming: purpose.

Python is an interpreted programming

Python language, which means that as a
developer, you write Python (.py) files in a
text editor and then put those files into the
Python is a popular programming language python interpreter to be executed.
created by Guido van Rossum. It was
released in 1991. The way to run a Python file is like this on
the command line: (Where "helloworld.py"
Python is used for: is the name of your python file)
• Web development (server-side);
• Software development;
C:\Users\Your Name>python
• Mathematics; and helloworld.py
• System scripting.
Python can also be executed directly in the
What can Python do? command line without using a .py file, such
• It can be used on a server to create web as the example below:
applications.
• It can be used alongside software to >>> print("Hello, World!") Hello, World!
create workflows.
• It can connect to database systems.
• It can also read and modify files. Data Types
• It can be used to handle big data and
perform complex mathematics. Each program language has its own set of
• It can be used for rapid prototyping, or for data types. These variables are used to
production-ready software development. store different data and can perform
various actions when executed. The
Why Python? following are the built-in data types of
• It works on different platforms (Windows, Python.
Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc.).
• It has a simple syntax similar to the
English language.
• It has syntax that allows developers to
write programs with fewer lines than some
other programming languages.
• It runs on an interpreter system, which
means that the code can be executed as
soon as it is written. Prototyping can be
very quick with this.
• It can be treated in a procedural way, an
object-orientated way, or a functional way.

Python Syntax compared to other

programming languages
• It was designed for readability and has Indentations
some similarities to the English language
with influence from mathematics. Where in other programming languages
• It uses new lines to complete a the indentation in code is for readability
command, as opposed to other only, in Python the indentation is very
programming languages which often use important. Python uses indentation to
semicolons or parentheses. • It relies indicate a block of code.
on indentation, using whitespace, to define
scope; such as the scope of loops, if 5 > 2: print("Five is greater than
functions, and classes. Other programming two!")
Assigning Variables
Python has no command for declaring a
variable. Variables are created the moment
you assign a value to it.

x = 5 y = "Hello, World!"

Comments

Python has a commenting capability for in-

code documentation. Comments start with
a #, and Python will render the rest of the
line as a comment. Comments can be
used to explain a Python code, make the
code more readable, and prevent
execution when testing code. This can be
placed before or after the code to be
executed. Comments can also be more
than one (1) line. When writing comments
of more than one (1) line, multiline strings
can be used (triple quotes).

Strings and Multiline

Strings Strings in Python are identified by

either single quotation marks (‘) or double
quotation marks (“). Additionally, multiple
lines of strings can be assigned to a
variable by using either three (3) single
quotes (‘ ‘ ‘) or three (3) double quotes
(“ “ “)