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Experiment No - 04 To Study DC Machine

The document describes the construction of a DC machine. It details the various parts that make up a DC machine including the magnetic yoke, pole core and shoes, pole coils, field winding, armature core, armature windings, commutator, interpoles, compensating winding, brushes, and bearings. Rotating electrical machines like DC machines operate by converting mechanical energy to electrical energy (generators) or vice versa (motors) using the principles of electromagnetic induction. They contain stationary and rotating components to facilitate this energy conversion process.

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Ravi
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2K views4 pages

Experiment No - 04 To Study DC Machine

The document describes the construction of a DC machine. It details the various parts that make up a DC machine including the magnetic yoke, pole core and shoes, pole coils, field winding, armature core, armature windings, commutator, interpoles, compensating winding, brushes, and bearings. Rotating electrical machines like DC machines operate by converting mechanical energy to electrical energy (generators) or vice versa (motors) using the principles of electromagnetic induction. They contain stationary and rotating components to facilitate this energy conversion process.

Uploaded by

Ravi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT NO: 04

Aim: To study the construction of D.C. machine

APPARATUS: D.C. machine assembly

THEORY:

DC Machines are of two types:

1. D.C. motor

2. D.C. generator

Rotating Electrical Machines are used for Electro-mechanical energy conversion i.e. Generators convert
Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy and Motors convert Electrical Energy to Mechanical Energy. All
the Rotating Electrical Machines have same basic construction that is they have two parts: Stator, the part of
the machine which remains stationery and Rotor, the part of machine to which mechanical energy is
associated by virtue of its rotation.
Similarly, In DC machine there is two types of windings as in all other Rotating Machines, Field Winding
which is responsible for production of flux and Armature Winding which carries high current from the
supply in motors and to the load in case of Generators.
When energy is converted from Electrical Energy to Mechanical Energy, then it is first converted to
Magnetic Energy and then to Mechanical Energy and hence Magnetic Energy acts an intermediate stage
between Electrical and Mechanical Energy. Flux is required to be produced in machines in order to store
energy in Magnetic Domain and this requires consumption of Reactive Power and hence Reactive Power is
indispensable when it comes to Electrical Machines as all machines require a flux to work upon.
Construction Details of DC Machines-

1. Magnetic Yoke-
It provides path for pole flux and carries half of it. It provides mechanical support to whole machine. Cast
iron is used for small DC machines and fabricated steel for large dc machines. If DC machine is operated
through power electronic converter then yoke is laminated else not.

2. Pole Core and Pole shoes:


It consists of pole core and pole shoe. Pole core is made of cast steel but pole shoe is laminated and fixed to
pole core appropriately. At present both pole shoe and pole core are laminated.

3. Pole Coils: Pole coils are made up of copper wire. These are placed on pole core.

4. Field Winding:
The pole excited by a winding wound around pole core. The winding is made from copper. Number of turns
and cross-section of field winding depend on type of DC machine. For DC shunt machine, large number of
turns and small cross-section because field winding has entire terminal voltage across it so large number of
turns and larger length of conductor which implies high resistance so field current is small. For DC series
machine, number of turns and large cross section as the field winding carries armature current so which is
high so larger cross section area which implies low resistance so less voltage drop and hence less number of
turns. For DC compound machines, both windings are employed.

5. Armature Core: It houses armature coils & causes them to rotate, hence cuts the flux produced by field
winding. It is cylindrical & made up of laminations of approx 0.5mm thickness. It is keyed to the shaft
laminations are used to reduce the eddy currents.

6. Armature Windings: These are usually former wound. Various conductors are placed in armature slots,
which are lined with insulating material.

7. Commutator: The function of commutator is to collect the current from the armature conductors. It
converts the a.c. of armature conductor into unidirectional current in external load. It is cylindrical structure
with wedge shaped segments insulated from each other by thin sheets of mica. Number of segments is equal
to number of armature conductors.
8. Interpoles:
Fixed to Yoke in between main poles of DC machine. Tapered with sufficient cross sectional area and
wider at bottom to avoid magnetic saturation. Inter pole winding consists of a few turns of thick wire is
connected in series to armature. So a MMF is directly proportional to armature current.
9. Compensating winding:
Placed in slots cut in poles of a DC machine. These are connected in series with armature and are used in
large dc machines only.
10. Brushes:
Housed in box type brush holders attached to stator end cover or yoke. Brushes collect the current from
commutator A small spring keeps them pressed to commutator. Made of carbon in small DC machines,
electro graphite for all and copper graphite for low-voltage, high current dc machines

11. Bearings: Ball bearings are used for less wear and tear.

RESULT: The assembly of D.C. machine is observed and construction of all the parts is studied in detail.

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