PROJECT

ABSTRACT + INTRODUCTION

Department of Mechanical Engineering & Technology

Lab Incharge:

Eng. Adeel Munir.

SIKANDAR SALEEM 2019-ME-305

GROUP -9
 WIND POWER PLANT

Abstract

The use of wind power to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions has risen significantly in recent

years. Wind electricity is free, yet the installation and maintenance of wind turbines is still quite

expensive. There are several factors that influence the size of a wind turbine's installation,

including wind statistics, turbine infrastructure and maintenance expenses. Based on the turbine's

energy costs, the payback period is determined. Northern and Southern Pakistan's potential for

wind power production is estimated in this report, which also covers the best wind turbines for

Pakistan. In this article, the wind energy statistics from Pakistan's north and south were analyzed

using the RET Screen software, and the best turbines for each region were recommended based

on the results. The cost of electricity and performance of six different common wind turbines

were examined. DW54 is the best turbine for generating power in northern Pakistan for

$0.119/kW, according to the simulation results. The simulation indicated that the Hummer

H25.0–200 kW turbine is the best choice for south Pakistan with power output of $0.070/kW

because to the variation in wind regime between the north and the south of Pakistan. With a

possible decrease of CO2 emissions of about 19,000 tons/year compared to natural gas and

28,000 tons/year compared to diesel, the northern wind turbine project may effectively contribute

to the decarburization of the Pakistan's energy sector. Compared to diesel and natural gas, the

Southern Power Plant's carbon emissions are decreased by 18,000 and 12,000 metric tons per

year, respectively.

Introduction
Environmental concerns have risen as a result of rising global temperatures and catastrophic

climate change throughout the planet. As of 2015, fossil fuels accounted for almost all

worldwide power generation (World Bank 2015), and this energy use is a major contributor to

global warming. Significant environmental consequences may result from even minor

adjustments in this area. There have thus been several attempts to alter or ameliorate the harmful

effects of global warming, with a large amount of this effort coming from the energy industry

(Ghodsi et al. 2019; Khare et al. 2016; Sahu et al. 2018). To put it simply, renewable energy has

a minimal environmental effect. These, for example, emit no CO2 or NOx directly. Many

equipment, ranging from solar panels to wind turbine generators, can transform the available

energy into a more usable form, such as electricity (Charabi et al. 2019). Wind turbines, for

example, are among the most widely used and most affordable systems for turning solar energy

into electricity (Yang et al. 2018). The capital costs of wind energy, like those of other renewable

energy sources, have increased significantly during the last decade. From $2 million to $1

million per megawatt-hour (M.W.) in the past decade, statics demonstrate that wind energy

production costs have plummeted. This accomplishment has allowed wind power facilities to

become more common in both industrialized and underdeveloped nations (Sahu 2018).

Due to the country's reliance on oil, Pakistan has begun a new phase in its growth. The

government is making an effort to transition its power generation from being solely reliant on oil

to being increasingly dependent on environmentally friendly, long-term sources of energy

(Abdul-Wahab et al. 2019a; Al-Suleiman et al. 2019). For this design, solar and wind power are

the primary sources of energy. When it comes to renewable energy, Pakistan's wind power

potential should not be overlooked because of the country's sunny climate. Only a few turbines

are utilized for research purposes in Pakistan, and the country's wind power installations are not
yet operational. This is starting to change, though, as the country's wind power potential is well

understood. Using low-performance equipment or incorrectly estimating wind energy demands

will not only limit the project's advantages, but it can also result in fiscal catastrophe (Dolatabadi

et al. 2017).

Pakistan's wind resources have been mapped extensively during the last decade in an effort to

encourage the use of wind power (Al-Yayai and Charabi 2015; Al Yahyai el al. 2010). Due to a

lack of precise turbine energy cost statistics, Pakistan's deployment of wind energy is still trailing

behind the rest of the region. Unless decision-makers have reliable information on the cost of

wind power technology, it is hard for them to choose which wind turbine technologies best

match their national contexts. “A one- or two-year-old data set on wind energy costs will be

significantly overestimated by the rapid development and cost reductions in deployed wind

energy technology. Some of the information people believe they know regarding the cost and

efficiency of wind power production is either incorrect or misleading. It's also believed that a lot

of information on wind power's cost and efficiency is incorrect or deceptive in some way. Due to

the scarcity of current data on the prices and performance of wind turbines in Pakistan, this study

addresses an important knowledge need.

More and more research has been done on wind energy's practicality and economic potential in

recent years.

For wind energy applications, Kumar and Gaddada (2015) used for statistical approaches to

analyses Weibull parameters at four chosen locations in northern Ethiopia. An investigation by

Gaddada and Kodicherla (2016, Tigray) analyzed the potential of wind power and the cost of

wind energy in eight chosen places in Tigray (Ethiopia). Kodicherla et al. (2017) studied wind

energy's economic potential and provided an economic evaluation of water pumping systems in
different wind power conversion systems. Kodicherla et al. (2018) studied the possibility of wind

power-assisted wind hydrogen generation in three Fiji Island stations. Wind turbines have been

studied in many ways in the literature. Research on the aerodynamic effects of wind turbine

shapes and structures has been ongoing for decades (Nema et al. 2009; Akpinar and Akpinar

2006). Turbine positioning and hub height have been optimised by others in an attempt to boost

their performance (Abdul-Wahab et al. 2019b; Elkinton et al. 2008).

Despite these attempts, wind energy production is challenging in certain locations due to the

random nature of wind speed (Padrón et al. 2019). An in-depth knowledge of each wind turbine's

characteristics and detailed data on wind velocity may begin to solve this issue. Any piece of

wind power equipment must be evaluated using this data and paired with an appropriate turbine

in order to offer an accurate response. Pakistan's north and south were analyzed using RET Sceen

software in order to offer a well-informed suggestion on which turbines should be deployed in

each location. It is possible to determine the cost of generating electricity using various

generators by combining data on wind regime, turbine characteristics, and customer demand.

Researchers in Pakistan’s north and south conducted this study to determine the country's wind

energy production potential and to provide recommendations on whether or not wind turbines

would be feasible there. Six prominent wind turbines were evaluated and compared for this

purpose. Performance and cost of energy (C.O.E.) are taken into account while making

recommendations for the best turbines to be installed in the north and south of Pakistan.