Biochemistry for Medical Technology

First Semester, S/Y 2022 – 2023

I. Identifying functional groups

1. Identifying functional group/s present each of the following organic compounds. Write your
answers in a separate sheet of paper.
Organic compound Functional group present
1. Ethoxypropane Ethers and Alkane
2. Hexanol Alcohol
3. Ethanal Alcohol and Aldehyde
4. Ethyamine Amines
5. heptanamide Amide
6. Cyclohexane carbaldehyde Alkane and Aldehyde
7. 4-hydroxy-2-butanone Hydroxyl and Ketone
8. 4-hydroxy-3-methylbutanal Hydroxyl and Aldehydes
9. benzaldehyde Aldehyde
10. 4-bromo-3-methylhexanoic acid Carboxylic Acid
11. diethylamine Amine
12. 2-aminoethanoic acid Amino and Carboxylic Acid
13. cyclohexanecarboxamide Carboxylic Acid, Alkane and
Amide
14. 4-butoxyoctane Ethers
15. 3-methoxy-2-methylhexane Ethers and Alkanes

II. Draw a structural formula of the selected organic compound consisting of at least two
functional groups in its structure including the hydroxyl group. Label the functional groups
accordingly.
III. Essay
1. How does the addition of functional groups enhance the properties of a hydrocarbon?
● Functional groups are groups of atoms that confer specific properties to hydrocarbon (or
substituted hydrocarbon) chains or rings that define their overall chemical characteristics
and function.
2. Explain the term “functional group”. What is meant by that? How do organic chemists use the
functional group concept?
● A functional group is a group of atoms or bonds inside a substance that is responsible for
the substance’s unique chemical reactions in organic chemistry. Regardless of the
chemical in which it is found, the same functional group will behave similarly and
experience comparable reactions. It is a particular grouping of components in which the
distinctive chemical reactions of these molecules are accountable. Organic chemists
determine the presence of a functional group in a molecule and implies the behaviour and
chemical reactions of the molecule in question and predict it in a systematic fashion.
They execute the process of chemical synthesis, in which chemical reactions are
intentionally executed in order to obtain a specific compound, and can be designed by
understanding the properties of various functional groups.

3. Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing boiling point: propanone, butane,
propanal, 1-propanethiol, propenamide. List and describe the criteria that must be considered in
answering this question.

Compounds Boiling point

propenamide 213℃

1-propanethiol 67.8℃

propanone 56℃

propanal 48.8℃

butane -1℃

Several factors impact a compound's boiling point. Pressure is the first of them. A lower
temperature is required for a chemical to begin boiling under reduced pressure. When the
pressure is higher, the temperature required to boil the compound is higher. The boiling point of
a compound is also related to its height. The pressure is lower at greater elevations. As a result,
the boiling point of compounds drops as their height rises.
 The boiling point is also determined by the molecular weight. Both parameters are
proportional to one another that when the molecular weight grows, so does the boiling point. The
kind of molecules is also connected to their molecular weight. Simpler molecules are heavier
than more complex ones.
The boiling point of a molecule is also affected by its symmetry. When a molecule is or
tends to be symmetrical, it is more likely to unite with other molecules and form molecular
bonds. This results in more complex molecules requiring more energy to boil. As a result, the
boiling point is greater. Asymmetric molecules, on the other hand, make it more difficult for
them to bond to other molecules. Because it is a simpler molecule, it requires less energy to boil
and has a lower boiling point.
The boiling point is also affected by the form of the molecule. Molecules can be
straight-chain or branched. Alkanes (compounds containing solely carbon and hydrogen) have
a straight-chain structure and may easily bind to other alkanes or other molecules. This makes
them more difficult to separate and requires more energy to boil. Because of their more
complicated form, branched-shape molecules have a reduced likelihood of connecting with other
molecules. As a result, molecules with branching shapes have a lower boiling point. However,
the boiling points of molecules of the same form differ. Amines have branched-shape molecules
(compounds containing nitrogen, hydrogen, and a functional group). Because their molecular
connections are stronger, primary amines have a higher boiling point than secondary amines.
Additionally, tertiary amines do not form hydrogen bonds, so their boiling point is the lowest

Rubric
A. Quality and Response Response Response lacks Response is
Clarity of indicates depth indicates focus or unfocused,
Thought and simplistic or demonstrates illogical or
(content) complexity of repetitive confused or incoherent.
thought in thoughts in conflicting No essay response
answering the answering the thinking. provided.
essay question. essay question. (3-2 pts) (1 pts)
(5 pts) (4 pts)
B. Organization Response is Response is Response is Response is
& Development well organized organized and fairly organized disorganized and
of Ideas and developed developed with and developed, underdeveloped,
(writing) with general presenting providing little or
appropriate supporting ideas generalizations no relevant
support to provided without adequate support.
make meaning (reasons/general support. No essay response
clear examples). (3-2 pts) provided.
(well-chosen (4 pts) (1 pts)
examples).
(5 pts)