TABLE OF CONTENTS

*EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study
1.2 Statement of problem
1.3 Objectives
1.4 limitations of study
1.5 Description of project
1.5.1 Location map
2.BUILDING INFORMATION
2.1 Building drawing
3.LITERATURE REVIEW
3.1 General code of practice
3.2 Design philosophy
4.METHODOLOGY
4.1 General methodology
4.2 Data collection
4.3 Data analysis
5.PROJECT SCHEDULING, FLOWCHART AND TASKCHART
6.PROJECT BUDGETING PLAN
7.CONCLUSION
8.REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
Executive Summary
The project entitled “Structural Analysis and Seismic-Resistant Design of Multi-
Storied RCC hospital Building” is a project work carried by a group of six students of
072 batch of IOE, Purwanchal Campus, Dharan. This proposal has been developed to
meet the partial fulfilment of IOE, TU, BCE IV year course demand which provides an
opportunity to develop analytical and problem-solving skills and enhances our skill in
structural design of a multi-storied building as this project enforces us to analyze and
design each component of the building in detail.
Present world demands high rise multi-storied buildings for different purposes. Being
beneficial in many aspects, multi-storied buildings come with greater risk of earthquake
and structural risks. Nepal situated in Seismic Zone V (IS 1893:2002), which is highly
prone to frequent seismic activities, it is more challenging for designers and engineers
for design and construction. So, structural analysis of building considering different
codes is must for obtaining required level of safety. The analysis and design of our
building is based on increasing the seismic capacity through proper configuration of the
structure as well as proper designing and ductile detailing of structural elements.Along
with this our major focus is on the provision of safe accommodation for patients in
multi-storey hospitals.
The project will commence within the above-mentioned criteria and the strength and
serviceability will be checked. If the conditions are okay, the final output of the project
as well as detailed drawings will be obtained else certain changes in the design will be
required.

1.0 Introduction
The project work on “STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND SEISMIC-RESISTANT
DESIGN OF MULTI-STORIED RCC HOSPITAL BUILDING” is carried out with
a motive to structurally design and analyse multi-storied building to make it earthquake
resistant and incorporate present methods of building design and analysis in the world
with the requirements of final year project to meet the partial fulfilment of Bachelor in
Civil Engineering 4th year project work of Institute of Engineering (IOE). The design
and analysis is based on detailed plan of a proposed RCC building provided by the
project supervisor.
Nepal is located in a seismic zone and is prone to earthquakes. We have experienced
several earthquakes in the past, the most recent one being the Gorkha Earthquake of
April 25, 2015, which measured 7.8 on the Richter scale. Proper analysis and safe
design of structures, therefore, carries great importance which is the main reason why
we propose to perform a project on seismic resistant building design.In the
past,earthquake resistant building concept were the surplus qualities for the buildings
carrying heavy loads but for now it has become the basic need even for a normal
residential building.

1.1 Background of study

1.2 Nepal as Earthquake Prone Zone
Nepal is located in the boundary between Indian and the Tibetan Plate, along which a
relative shear of about 3 cm per year has been estimated. The subduction of Indian plate
under the Tibetan plate is considered as the major source of seismicity in the region.
The existence of the Himalaya ranges, the world’s highest peaks is the evidence of the
continued tectonics beneath the country. As a result, Nepal is very active seismically.
Recently, on 25th April, 2015, the earthquake of 7.8 Magnitude hit the central part of
the country destroying lots of lives and properties which eventually pushed the country
backward in the economic sector. Lots of buildings were damaged. Some of the facts
and figures of destruction in the buildings are as follow:

SOURCE: GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL, DEPARTMENT OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT & BUILDING

CONSTRUCTION & NEPAL ENGINEERS’ ASSOCIATION, TRAINING ON POST DAMAGE ASSESSMENT,
REPAIR & ASSESSMENT OF MASONRY AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The major problems that made rise to our project may be summarized as follows:
• Nepal lying on the active seismic zone is highly prone to frequent major and
minor earthquakes, so it has become an important task for engineers to consider
earthquake in design of a building.
 • In addition to this, there has become a great need for a grand hospital for the
people in the remote areas of Sarlahi district.

1.3 Objectives
With the vision to build earthquake resistant, risk free and efficient public welfare
hospital building, the overall objectives of the project are:

• Identification of structural arrangement of the plan.

• Modelling of the building for structural analysis.
• Detailed structural analysis of the building using computer software.
• Design of various structural components.
• Detailing of structural members.
• Better acquaintance with the code provisions for reinforced concrete design.
• Acquire knowledge on earthquake engineering.
• Estimating total cost of building construction.
• For the vision to do something for the people of Sarlahi district.

1.4 Limitations of study

• This study covers only the particular proposed area.
• Our project does not include the architectural design of building.
• The drawings of plans don’t include service drawings like electrical, sanitary,
water supply etc.

• The design is fully based on the terms and conditions of NBC and IS codes and
other associated codes.

• Our project mainly focuses on the structural analysis and design phase of the
building.

• We are adopting Seismic Coefficient Method for the analysis of the building.

• Design of lift may not be included in our project.

• General Structural Estimates will be made assuming acceptable rates.

• The bearing capacity of soil was assumed to be 75KN/m2.

1.5 Description of the Project

Name of the Project:Structural Analysis and Seismic-Resistant Design Of Multi-
Storied RCC hospital Building
Location: Region: Central Development Region
province: 2
zone: Janakpur
 District: Sarlahi
Place: Balara Municipality
Type of Building:Public Building
Structural System:Special Moment Resisting Frame
Soil Type:III
Seismic zone:V
Plot area: 7260.75 square feet
Total area of building: 22580.26 square feet with basement
No of Storey:4 including basement and excluding roof cover
Dimension of building: Maximum length: 99’0”
Maximum Breadth: 62’1”
Type of Stair:Dog-legged
Height of Building: 58'6” (bottom of basement to top of roof)
Floor Height:Basement: 11'6" Typical: 9'6" Staircase cover: 8’
Infill wall: Brick Masonry
Main wall: 10" in general and 1'8"for staircase
Partition wall: 6"
Design criteria:As per IS code
No of columns:Basement: 18 Typical: 28 Staircase cover: 4
Assumed bearing capacity of soil: 75KN/m2
Estimated Building Completion Cost: Rs.4000 per square ft.

#LOCATION MAP
 Fig(1): Location Map

2.0 Building information:

2.1 Building drawing:

Fig(2):Building basement plan

Fig(3): Ground Floor Plan

Fig(4):first floor plan

Fig(5):second floor plan

Fig(6):top floor plan

Fig(7): Staircase floor

Fig(8): Elevations
South elevation
3.0 Literature Review
Every engineering design is the outcome of the past experiences and observations. It is
necessary to justify the result of the analysis and design properly with reference to the
pre-existing standard results or the past experiences. Structural design is the
methodological investigation of the stability, strength and rigidity of structures. The
basic objective in structural analysis and design is to produce a structure capable of
resisting all applied loads without failure during its service life. Safe design of
structures can be achieved by applying the proper knowledge of structural mechanics
and past experiences. It is needed to provide authentic reference to the design made i.e.
the design should follow the provision made in codes of practices. Use of codes also
keeps the designer to the safe side in case the structure fails within its service life. For
this design, certain references and criteria are taken from the literatures discussed
below.

# Application of the dampers for vibration control of the

structure:
The author explains about the types of damper which has become most popular
nowadays for vibration control in the structure. This paper presents a knowledge or
introduction to the behaviour of the damper in seismically affected area in which the
structures are build. The author concludes that in recent years, the use of seismic or
earthquake control system has been increased but it is very important that selecting the
appropriate damper and installing the structure to reduce the vibration in the structure.
# Research paper by Su Myat Aye, Dr. Kyaw Moe Aung: The author explains that,
earthquake is one of the main natural hazards in the world. The building which is used
for the proposed study is in Mandalay, Myanmar which comes in earthquake zone IV.
The structure is of 15 story RC structure which is L shaped used for residential purpose.
The members of the structure are designed according to ACI 318-99 and load
considered according UBC-97. The model of the structure is generated in ETABs v
9.7.1 and analyzed by using response spectrum method is used foe dynamic analysis.
As to control the seismic hazards of the building, the author took two types of damper
1. Viscous fluid damper 2. Viscoelastic damper. The mechanical properties of the
damper are taken by the manufacture’s report. The damper is applied to the base story
in X-direction. After the analysis the results are compared. By comparing the result of
the three cases of the proposed structure, the author concluded that the viscous damper
is the most effective for decreasing the seismic response of the structure. According to
the obtained results, the viscous damper reduces the results up to 40% to 50% but about
viscoelastic damper it allows to reduce only 15% to 25% for all parameters. Hence is
concluded that adding dampers to the structure will definitely reduce the seismic
response of the structure.

# Research paper on viscous dampers: testing modelling and application in

vibration and seismic isolation
The author explains the need, application, way of installation, and the mechanical
properties of the viscous seismic dampers. This paper presents a bright view on all of
the aspects of the viscous dampers with its properties that helps to damp the motion of
the earthquake. The author also explains the theory and principle on which the damper
works and the variables that affects its use and application. This Technical report
contains, secondary and Protective systems, and more specially, to a passive protective
systems. Protective systems are devices or systems which, when incorporated into a
structure, helps to improve the structure’s ability to withstand seismic other
environmental loads. These systems can be passive, such as base isolators or
viscoelastic Dampers; or active such as active tendons or active mass dampers or
combined passive-active systems.

# Paper on seismic performance Analysis of Wenchan Hospital structure with

viscous damper by Xue-wei Chen and Jia-Xuan:
Analytical investigation was undertaken to assess the seismic performance of
Wenchuan Hospital located in Wenchuan county, southwest China’s Sichuan province,
where a severe earthquake has occurred in May 2008. The structure consists of a four-
storey reinforced concrete frame with viscous dampers. The irregular building is 18·35-
m tall and has a total floor area of 17 000 m2. Viscous dampers are set along the outside
surface of structure to get a more efficient reduction of structure responses. The design
idea of performance-based seismic design is presented in this paper. Seismic
performance of the structure with and without viscous dampers under different levels
of ground motion is analyzed and verified by different methods, including elastic
analysis under frequent earthquake, unyielding and elastic check of structure element
under medium earthquake, static nonlinear analysis and dynamic nonlinear analysis
under rare earthquake. And a comparative analysis is presented, such as results between
elastic and inelastic analysis, static nonlinear analysis and dynamic nonlinear analysis,
and structure with and without viscous dampers. The control effects of viscous dampers
on internal force, deformation and energy dissipation of the structure are also studied.
Meanwhile, a practical method to calculate the sup plemental damping ratio added by
viscous dampers is proposed for elastic analysis with dampers. After a series of
analysis, the performance objective of the structure can be well verified.

3.1 General Code of Practices

I. Nepal National Building Code (NBC:000- 1994):
Nepal National Building Code was prepared during 1993 as part of a bigger project to
mitigate the effect of earthquakes on the building of Nepal. This code aims to bring
uniformity to the building construction by providing some bye-laws and mandatory
rules. But its development is relatively recent and it still lacks many documents required
to support it. To compensate for this unavailability, the code frequently refers to Indian
Standard codes.

II. Indian Standard (IS) Codes of Practice:

For the analysis and design of the building references have been made to Indian
Standard code since National Building Codes of Nepal do not provide sufficient
information. Indian Standard codes used in the analysis and design of this building are
described below:

• IS:875- 1987 (Reaffirmed 2003)- Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other
than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures:
The minimum requirements to the structural safety of the building are being
covered in this code by way of laying down minimum designed load which have
to be assumed for dead loads, imposed load, snow load and other external loads,
the structure is required to bear. Strict conformity to loading standard
recommended in this code claims to ensure the safety of the buildings and
thereby reduced the hazards to life and property caused by unsafe structures as
well as eliminates the wastage caused by the assumption of unnecessary heavy
loading. This code is divided into five different parts for five different kinds of
loadings. The different parts of the code are:
Part 1: Dead Loads
This part deals with the dead load to be assumed in the design of the building.
These loads are given in the form of unit weight of materials. This code covers
the unit weight or mass of the materials and parts and components in the
building that apply to the determination of the dead load in the design of
 building. Table 1 of this code covers unit weight of the building materials and
Table 2 of the code covers the unit weight of the building parts or the
components.
Part 2: Imposed Loads
Imposed load is the load assumed to be produced by the intended use or
occupancy of a building including the weight of movable partitions, distributed,
concentrated loads, loads due to impact and vibrations and dust loads
(Excluding wind, seismic, snow, load due to temperature change, creep,
shrinkage, differential settlements etc.) This part of the code deals with imposed
load of the building produced by the intended occupancy or use.
Part 3: Wind Loads
This part deals with the wind load to be considered and gives the wind force and
their effect (Static and Dynamic) that should be taken into account when
designing buildings, structures and components thereof. In the code, wind load
estimation is done by taking into account the random variation of the wind speed
with time.
Part 4: Snow Loads
This part of the code deals with snow loads on roofs of buildings. Roofs should
be designed for the actual load due to snow or the imposed load specified in Part
2 whichever is more sever. Since, location of the building is within Sarlahi, there
is no possibility of snowfall. Hence the snow load is not considered in the
design.
Part 5: Special Loads and Load Combinations
This code loads and loads effects (Except the loads covered in Part 1 to 4 and
seismic load) due to temperature changes, internally generated stress due to
creep shrinkage, differential settlement etc. in the building and its components,
soil and hydrostatic pressures, accidental loads etc. This part also covers the
guidance for the load combinations.

• IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures
(General Provision and Building):
This code deals with the assessment of seismic loads on various structures and
earthquake resistant design of buildings. Its basic provisions are applicable to
buildings; elevated structures; industrial and stack like structures; bridges;
concrete masonry and earth dams; embankment and retaining structures and
other structures. It is concerned with the methods of determining seismic loads
and the effects of various irregularities in a building can have upon its seismic
response. This standard does not deal with the construction features relating to
earthquake resistant design in building and other structures.

• IS 13920: 1993 (Reaffirmed 2003) Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete

Structures Subjected to Seismic Force- Code of Practice:
 This standard covers the requirements for designing and detailing of monolithic
reinforced concrete buildings so as to give them adequate toughness and
ductility to resist severe earthquake shock without collapse. The code includes
the detailing rules for flexural members, column and frame member subjected
to bending and axial loads and shear walls.

• IS 456: 2000 (Reaffirmed 2005) Plain and Reinforced Concrete – Code of

Practice:
This Indian Standard code of practice deals with the general structural use of
plain and reinforced concrete based on Limit State Design Method. According
to the code, plain concrete structures referred to those structures where
reinforcement if provided is ignored for determination of the strength of the
structure. This code does not cover special requirements for the structures like
bridges, chimneys, hydraulic structures, earthquake resistance buildings etc. but
allows the use of separate code for those structures in conjunction with this
code.

• IS 4326: 1993 (Reaffirmed 2003) Earthquake Resistant Design and

Construction of Buildings – Code of Practice:
This standard deals with the selection of materials, special features of design
and construction for earthquake resistant buildings including masonry
construction using rectangular masonry units, timber construction and buildings
with prefabricated flooring or roofing elements.

• IS 5525: 1969 (Reaffirmed 1990) Recommendations for Detailing of

Reinforcement in Reinforced Concrete Works:
This standard deals with the general requirements of detailing of reinforcement
in reinforced concrete structures with some suitable modifications whenever
necessary. This code includes the common method of detailing of reinforcement
based on good practice with deviations made
in special cases to comply with IS 456.

III. Indian Standard Special Publications (SP):

For the clarification and explanation for the clauses and equations mentioned in Indian
Standard Codes, Bureau of Indian Standard has published some special publications
including charts and tables for required values like material properties and explaining
examples of designs. Following design aids will be used for the design of the structure:
• SP 16: Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS 456-1978:
This handbook explains the use of formulae mentioned in IS 456 and provides
several design charts and interaction diagrams for flexure, deflection control
criteria, axial compression, compression with bending and tension with bending
for rectangular cross-sections (for circular section in case of compression
 member) which can greatly expedite the design process if done manually. This
design aid is particularly useful for the preliminary design.

• SP 22: Explanatory Handbook on Codes for Earthquake Engineering (IS 1893:

1975 and IS 4326: 1976):
The theoretical background behind many of the code provisions have been
elaborated herein. Additionally, many worked out examples explaining the use
of equations and charts in the code can also be found in this handbook.

• SP 24: Explanatory Handbook on Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain and
Reinforced Concrete IS 456: 1978
SP 16 is meant to aid the calculation process, while SP 24 is meant to aid the
conceptual understanding of the IS 456 code. It contains clause by clause
explanation of the original code. The logic and justification behind the various
equations and assumptions in the code are well explained here.

• SP 34: Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing:

The compilation of provisions and guidelines regarding reinforcement detailing
scattered throughout IS codes 456, 4326, 5525 and 13920 can be found in this
handbook. Searching for that information in the original codes can be very time
consuming. This handbook presents all that information in a well-organized
manner.

IV. Textbooks on RCC Design and Earthquake Engineering:

Many available books related to design of reinforced concrete structure and earthquake
engineering written by distinguished authors such as Pillai and Menon, SN Sinha and
AK Jain are based on the Indian Standard Codes of Practice and provides sufficient
theoretical background with illustrative examples. So, for the analysis and design,
reference from such textbooks are very helpful. Books related to foundation
engineering will also be valuable in the design of building foundation. Besides these,
other books related to structural mechanics (Statics and Dynamics) will also be helpful
for performing and verifying the analysis output from computer software. Apart from
these references there may requires data related to the past earthquake, the earthquake
zoning map and soil condition of the site. These data may be obtained from the
government authorities and other concerning organizations. The reports on the same
project prepared by the students of previous batches was also an important reference to
the project.

3.2 Design Philosophy

There are three basic philosophies for the design of reinforced structures viz. the
working stress method, the ultimate load method and the limit state method. For our
purpose, we adopt the limit state method.
Limit state method
Limit state design (LSD) is also known as Load and Resistance Factor Design. Limit
state is a condition of a structure beyond which it no longer fulfills the design criteria.
The objective of design based on the limit state concept is to achieve and acceptable
probability that a structure will not become unserviceable in its lifetime for the use for
which it is intended i.e. structure will not reach limit state within its lifetime. Limit state
design considers the two aspects namely Collapse and Serviceability:

• Limit state of Collapse

The limit state that concern with the safety of people and safety of structure is known
as limit state of collapse. This state corresponds to the maximum load carrying
capacity. Violation of collapse limit state implies failure that includes the loss of
equilibrium of structure, failure by excessive deformation, fatigue, rupture, loss of
stability of the structure or any part of it including supports and foundations.

• Limit State of Serviceability

The limit state that concern with the functioning of the structure or structural members
under normal use, or comfort of people or appearance of the construction works is
classified as limit state of serviceability This limit may correspond to deflection,
cracking and vibration.

4.0 Methodology
4.1 General Methodology
The analysis and design of the building in this project will be carried out following the
below listed methods:

• The provided architectural drawing of the apartment building is studied,

analyzed and required modifications are made to make the economic seismic
resistant design as per the guidance of Supervisor.
• Estimation and idealization of the loads i.e. dead load and live load will be done
based on the Indian Standard Code of Practice IS:875-1987 (Code of Practice
for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures, Part 1,
2 and 3).
• Estimation of the seismic load will be based on IS:1993-2002 (Criteria for
Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, Part 1). For Sarlahi district, Seismic
zone is considered as Zone V and soft (III) soil type. For the detailing of the
designed reinforcement IS:13920-1993 (Ductile Detailing for Reinforced
Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces- Code of Practice)
will be referred.
 • After the estimation of probable loads, preliminary design will be done to
determine the approximate shape and size of structural members from deflection
control criteria provided in codes for beams, slabs and taking load from tributary
area in case of column. Thus, provided size may be changed after complete
structural analysis.
• Modelling of the structure will be done using the software SAP2000 which is
published by American software company Computers and Structures. This
software is freely available for academic purpose.
• Analysis of the structure will also be carried out using SAP2000 which analyses
the structure based on the Finite Element Method. The results of design obtained
from SAP2000 will be also verified using other software packages.
• All the calculations for the design will be based on IS:456-2000 (Plain and
Reinforced Concrete- Code of Practice), IS:4326-2003 (Earthquake Resistant
Design and Construction of Buildings- Code of Practice), IS:5525-1999
(Recommendations for Detailing of Reinforcement in Reinforced Concrete
Works) and IS:13920-1993. Beside these codes design aids Indian Standard
Special Publications (SP 16, SP 22, SP 24 and SP 34) along with the textbooks
by SN Sinha, AK Jain etc. will be referred.
• Final outcome of the analysis and design will be the structural drawing
including detail ductile detailing of the reinforcement bars based on IS 13920
and other related Indian Standard codes.
• If sufficient time is left at the end, estimation of cost for the construction of the
building will also be carried out.
• After the complete analysis and design, required modifications for the provided
architectural drawing including size of structural members, partition walls etc.
will be carried out and all the drawing will be printed in appropriate format for
inclusion with the final report.

#Position of viscous seismic dampers:

Generally, the viscous seismic dampers are placed in the base of the
building but if required they can be installed in other parts of the building with
due consideration on other aspects of the building. The dampers are fitted
diagonally or horizontally between the frame structures

4.2 Data Collection

The data collected is mainly from secondary sources. The secondary data are those
which are collected indirectly from various references/sources. The topographical map,
seismological map, location maps, soil investigation report, meteorological data of
Sarlahi, etc. are some secondary data collected. Various books, reports and websites are
made as reference for the preliminary designs of buildings components.
4.3 Data Analysis
The collected data is analysed in following way:
• The topographical and location maps are used to know about the geographical
condition of project site.
• The seismological map is used know seismic vulnerability of our project site.
• The Soil Investigation Report is used to check the feasibility of the type of
footings.
• The meteorological data are used to know climatic condition of the project site.
• The various books and codes are used during the design phase.

5.0 Project Schedule Flow Chart and Task Chart

Fig(8): Project Task Flowchart

GANTT CHART
26-Nov 15-Jan 06-Mar 25-Apr 14-Jun

group formation

project selection

literature review
start date
preliminary investigation days to complete

data collection and…

proposal writing

proposal presentation

Fig(9): Gantt Chart Showing First Phase Task Schedule

 GANTT CHART
18-May-19 7-Jun-19 27-Jun-19 17-Jul-19 6-Aug-19

Literature Review

Preliminary Design

Structural Analysis Start date

Days to complete
Design and Detailing

Estimating and Costing

Report Writing and Presentation

Fig(10): Gantt Chart Showing Second Phase Task Schedule

6.0 Project Budgeting Plan

The provided general budget will be spent as follows:

General Budget Application Plan

25000

20000
AMOUNT IN RS

15000

10000 Amount in Rs

5000

0
Stationaries Software Training Transportation Miscellaneous
ACTIVITIES

Fig(11): Project Budget Application Plan

7.0 Conclusion
The proposal presented here defines the various aspects of the building construction. It
considers the earthquake risk to multi-storied buildings and considers to find the safer
design principles. With above mentioned procedures and design principles multi-
storied building design and analysis will be carried out.

8.0 REFERENCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Jain, A.K. Reinforced Concrete Limit State Design, 6th Edition, 2002

• Sharma, Neelam, R.C.C. Design and Drawing,3rd Edition,2014

• IS: 875 (Part 1, Part 2):1987, IS: 1893(part 1):2002, IS 456:2000.

• NBC 105:1994, Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal