Scribd
Upload
402 views

M2 +Design+of+Tension+Members

The document provides guidance on designing tension members according to the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2015. It discusses slenderness limitations, tensile strength calculations based on yielding and rupture, calculation of net area accounting for bolt holes, and examples calculating design strength for load and resistance factor design (LRFD) and allowable strength design (ASD). Block shear strength and design of pin-connected tension members are also addressed. The intent is to teach readers how to calculate the nominal tensile strength, design strength, and allowable strength of various steel tension members.

Uploaded by

Angelo ramiro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
402 views

M2 +Design+of+Tension+Members

The document provides guidance on designing tension members according to the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2015. It discusses slenderness limitations, tensile strength calculations based on yielding and rupture, calculation of net area accounting for bolt holes, and examples calculating design strength for load and resistance factor design (LRFD) and allowable strength design (ASD). Block shear strength and design of pin-connected tension members are also addressed. The intent is to teach readers how to calculate the nominal tensile strength, design strength, and allowable strength of various steel tension members.

Uploaded by

Angelo ramiro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Title : Design of Tension Members

Intended Learning Outcomes :


At the end of this lesson, you should be able to :
1. Identify the applicable shear lag factor for a tension member
1. Calculate the nominal tensile strength Pn of a tension member (KN)
2. Calculate the block shear strength
3. Calculate the nominal tensile strength Pn of a pin-connected tension member(KN)

Discussions :
Steel tension members can be found trusses, towers, and cables. Section 504 of the NSCP can be
used as reference for designing tension members. Load and Resistance Factor Design(LRFD) and
Allowable Strength Design(ASD) are both allowed in the NSCP Code.

Section 504 Design of Members for Tension


504.1 Slenderness Limitation
-Preferably L/r ≤ 300
where :
r = governing radius of gyration, mm
L = length of tension member, mm

504.2 Tensile Strength


Tensile Yielding in the gross section
Pn = Fy Ag (504.2-1)
Øt = 0.90 , Ωt = 1.67
Tensile Rupture in the net section
Pn = Fu Ae (504.2-2)
Øt = 0.75, Ωt = 2.0
where : Ae = Effective Net Area, mm2
Ag = Gross Area, mm2
Fy = Specified minimum yield stress, MPa
Fu = Specified minimum tensile strength, MPa

Yielding Failure vs Rupture/Fracture Failure


504.3.2 Net Area

Nominal Dimension of Hole = Bolt Diameter + 2mm

Width of Bolt Hole = Nominal Dimension of Hole + 2mm


or
Width of Bolt Hole = Bolt Diameter + 4mm

An = Ag – Area of Hole(s)

Add s2/4g for bolts in zigzag/diagonal pattern

Effective Net Area, Ae


Ae = U An (504.3-1)
U = Shear Lag Factor , Table 504.3.1
Example 2.1 An A36 steel plate 127 x 13mm carries a Tension force. The steel plate is connected to a
gusset plate by four 16 mm diameter bolts. Use the shear lag factor U = 1.0 for calculations.

a. Determine the design strength for LRFD.


b. Determine the allowable strength for ASD.

Solution:

Gross Area
Ag = 127(13) = 1651 mm2

Nominal Strength based on gross area


Pn = FyAg = 250(1651) /1000 = 412.75 KN

Net Area
Bolt Diameter = 16 mm
Nominal Hole Diameter = 16 + 2 = 18 mm
Bolt Hole Width = 18 + 2 = 20 mm (504.3.2)

Ae = Ag – Ah = 1651 – 2(20x13) = 1131 mm2

Nominal Strength based on effective area


Pn = FuAe = 400(1131) /1000 = 452.4 KN

a.) Design Strength for LRFD


Yielding
Øt Pn = 0.90(412.75) = 371.475 KN

Rupture
Øt Pn = 0.75(452.4) = 339.30 KN (controls)
Answer : The design strength for LRFD is 339.30 KN.

b.) ASD
Yielding :
Pn/Ωt = (412.75)/1.67 = 247.155 KN

Rupture :
Pn/Ωt = (452.4)/2.0 = 226.2 KN (controls)
Answer : The allowable strength for ASD is 226.2 KN.
Example 2.2 An angle bar L 3½ x3½ x 3/8 is attached to a steel plate with a row of 22 mm-diameter
bolts. The tension forces in the angle bar are 155.70 KN dead load and 66.72 KN live load. Determine
the adequacy of the tension member using NSCP 2015 specifications. Let the effective net area be equal
to 85% of the computed net area. Use A36 steel. Fy = 250 MPa, Fu =400 MPa.
Ag = 2.5 in2 = 1612.9 mm2
a.) Consider LRFD
b.) Consider ASD

Solution:

Gross Section :
Pn = Fy Ag = 250(1612.9)/1000 = 403.225 KN

Net Section :
thickness of angle bar = 3/8 in = 9.525 mm
An = Ag - Ah = 1612.9 – (22+4)(9.525) = 1365.25 mm2

Ae = 0.85An = 0.85(1365.25) = 1160.4625 mm2

Pn = Fu Ae = 400(1160.4625)/1000 = 464.185 KN

a) LRFD
Compute the Factored Loads
Pu1 = 1.4 D = 1.4(155.70) = 217.98 KN
Pu2 = 1.2D +1.6L = 1.2(155.70) + 1.6(66.72) = 293.532 KN (controls)
Use Pu = 293.532 KN

Yielding :
ØtPn = 0.90(403.225) = 362.9025 KN

Rupture :
ØtPn = 0.75(464.185) = 348.13875 KN (controls)
Use ØtPn = 348.13875 KN

Compare
Pu < ØtPn
293.532 KN < 348.13875 KN
The section is adequate.

b.) ASD
Pa = D + L = 155.70 + 66.72 = 222.42 KN
Yielding :
Pn/Ωt = (403.225)/1.67 = 241.452 KN
Rupture :
Pn/Ωt = (464.185)/2.0 = 232.0925 KN (controls)
Use Pn/Ωt = 232.0925 KN
Compare
Pa < Pn/Ωt
222.42 KN < 232.0925 KN

The section is adequate.

Example 2.3 Calculate the effective net area if the member is under tension.

Solution :
Ag = 6910.77 mm2 (ASEP Steel Handbook 1994)
Bolt Hole Width = 20 + 4 = 24 mm

An = Ag – Ah = 6910.77 – 2[24x18] = 6046.77 mm2

U = 1 – x/L = 1 – 56.04/200
U = 0.7198 (Table 504.3.1 Case2)

Three fasteners per line in the direction of loading


U = 0.60 (Table 504.3.1 Case8)

The larger value is permitted to be used.


Ae = U An = 0.7198(6046.77) = 4352.465 mm2
Example 2.4 Calculate the effective net area if the welded angle member is under tension.

Solution :
U = 1 – x/L = 1 – 56.04/215 = 0.7393488372

Ae = U An = (0.7393488372)6910.77 = 5109.46 mm2

Example 2.5 An angle bar L200x200x18mm is attached to a steel plate with 3 rows of M20 bolts. Use
NSCP 2015 specifications. Use A36 steel. Fy = 250 MPa, Fu =400 MPa.
Ag = 6910.77 sq.mm.

a. Determine the design strength for LRFD.


b. Determine the allowable strength for ASD.
Solution :
1. Calculate Pn
Gross Section :
Pn = Fy Ag = 250(6910.77)/1000 = 1727.6925 KN

Net Section :

Hole Width, hw = 20 + 4 = 24 mm (standard hole)

Line abde
An = Ag – Ah
An = 6910.77 – 2(24 x 18)
An = 6046.77 mm2

Line abcde (staggered)

An = Ag – Ah + Σ(s2/4g)t
An = 6910.77 – 3(24 x 18) + 2[502/(4x70)]18
An = 5936.198571 mm2

Use An = 5936.20 mm2

U = 1 – x/L = 1 – 56.04/200 = 0.7198 (Table 504.3.1 case 2 )


U = 0.60 (Table 504.3.1 case 8 )

Larger U is permitted to be used

Use U = 0.7198
Ae = UAn = 0.7198(5936.20) = 4272.875 mm2

Pn = Fu Ae = 400(4272.875)/1000 = 1709.150293 KN

2. Determine ØtPn and Pn/Ωt


a.) LRFD
Based on the Gross Section :
ØtPn = 0.90 (1727.6925) = 1554.92 KN

Based on the Net Section :


ØtPn = 0.75(1709.150293) = 1281.86 KN

Answer. Design Strength : ØtPn = 1281.86 KN

b.) ASD
Based on the Gross Section :
Pn/Ωt = (1727.6925)/1.67 = 1034.54 KN

Based on the Net Section :


Pn/Ωt = (1709.150293)/2.0 = 854.57 KN

Answer. Allowable Strength : Pn/Ωt = 854.57 KN


510.4.3 Block Shear Strength

Example 2.6 Calculate the Block Shear Strength of the Angle bar shown. Use standard holes.
Fy = 250 MPa, Fu = 400 MPa . a. Consider LRFD , b. Consider ASD
Solution :

Hole Width = 22 + 2 + 2 = 26 mm (standard hole)


Shear Area
Agv = (75+80+80)(18) = 4230 mm2
Anv = 4230 – 18(2.5 x 26) = 3060 mm2 (2 and ½ hole width)

Tension Area
Ant = (100 – 0.5x26)18 = 1566 mm2

Ubs = 1.0
(Angle bar, gusset plates and most coped beams – Structural Steel Design 4rth Edition page 61, William
T. Segui)
Nominal Strength
Rn = 0.6FuAnv + UbsFuAnt ≤ 0.6FyAgv + UbsFuAnt
Rn = [0.6(400)3060 + 1.0(400)1566]/1000 = 1360.8 KN
Rn ≤ [0.6(250)4230 + 1.0(400)1566]/1000 = 1260.9 KN

Use Rn = 1260.90 KN

a. LRFD
Design Strength, ØRn = 0.75(1260.9) = 945.675 KN
b. ASD
Allowable Strength, Rn/Ω = 1260.9/2.0 = 630.45 KN
Example 2.7 Calculate the Design Strength ØtPn for the Pin-Connected Tension Member shown.

Solution
Tension Rupture on the Net Effective Area

1. Shear Rupture on the Effective Area


2. Bearing on the Effective Area of the Pin

4. Yielding on the Gross Section

Answer : Design Strength, ØtPn = 43.2 KN

Self Learning Assessment (Problem Set)


1.) An A36 steel plate 127 x 13mm carries a Tension force. The steel plate is connected to a gusset plate
by four 20 mm diameter bolts. Use the shear lag factor U = 0.95 for calculations.

a. Determine the design strength for LRFD.


b. Determine the allowable strength for ASD.
2.) Calculate the Block Shear Strength of the Angle bar shown. Use standard holes.
Fy = 250 MPa, Fu = 400 MPa . a. Consider LRFD , b. Consider ASD

3.) Calculate the Block Shear Strength of the Angle bar shown. Use standard holes. Fy = 250 MPa, Fu =
400 MPa . a. Consider LRFD , b. Consider ASD

Ans. Rn = 2023.2 KN

References :
1. ASEP, Inc. (2015), National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2015
2. Segui, W.T. (2007), Structural Steel Design fourth edition, Nelson Thompson Canada Ltd.
3. American Institute of Steel Construction (2019), COMPANION TO THE AISC STEEL
CONSTRUCTION MANUAL Volume 1: Design Examples Version 15.1, AISC USA

You might also like