CHAPTER I:

EVENTS AND PROBABILITY OF EVENTS

1.1 Roll a uniform symmetrical dice. Find the probability of getting:

1.2. There are 100 identical square cards numbered from 1 to 100. One card is chosen at
random. Find the probability:
a. Got 1 card without the number 5.
b. Get a card whose numbers are divisible by 2 or 5 or both 2 and 5.

1.3. A box has a white ball and b black ball. Randomly pick 2 balls.
a. Find the probability that the first ball is white.
b. Find the probability that the second ball is white if it is known that the first ball is
white
c. Find the probability that the second ball is white.

1.4. A box has a white ball and b black ball. Pick each ball at random. Find the
probability that:
a. The second ball is white
b. The i-th ball is white.

1.5. Toss two coins at the same time. Find the probability of getting:
a. Two faces appear
b. One head, one head
c. Has at least one tails
1.6. Roll 2 dice at the same time. Find the probability of getting 2 faces.
a. Have a total number of dots equal 7.
b. Have a total number of dots less than 3.
c. Have at least 1 side of 6.
1.7. The last three guests left the house forgetting their hats. The owners don't know the
owners of the hats, so they randomly send them back. Find the probability that:
a. All 3 people get the wrong hat
b. There is exactly 1 person who gets the correct hat
c. There are exactly 2 people who get the right hat d. All 3 people get correct hats
1.8. A class of students has 50% learning English, 40% learning French, 30% studying
German, 20% studying English and French, 15% studying English and German, 10%
studying French and German, 5% learn all 3 languages English, French, German. Find
the probability that when a student is selected at random, that person:
a. Learn at least one of the three languages mentioned above.
b. Learn English and German only
c. Learn French only d. Learn French knowing that the person learns English
1.9. A person calls you but forgets the last 3 digits and just remembers that they are
different. Find the probability that the person dials your number 1 time correctly.
1.10. In 1 box contains 10 standard parts and 5 parts are waste products. Get 3 items at
the same time. Calculate probability:
a. All 3 parts taken out are of standard type.
b. Out of the 3 items taken out, 2 meet the standards
1.12. The elevator of a 7-storey building comes from the first floor with 3 guests. Find
the probability that:
a. All out on the fourth floor.
b. All out on the same floor.
c. Everyone is on a different floor.
1.13. On a bookshelf is randomly arranged an anthology of author X consisting of 12
books. Find the probability that the sets are ordered either left-to-right or right-to-left.
1.14. Randomly draw 3 cards from a deck of 52 cards. Find the probability that:
a. Get 3 Aces
b. Get 1 Ace
1.15. A consignment consisting of 6 masters and 4 defectives is randomly divided into 2
equal parts. Find the probability that each part has the same number of modifiers.
1.16. Each lottery ticket has 5 digits. Find the probability that a person who buys a ticket
gets the ticket:
a. There are 5 different digits
b. All 5 digits are odd
1.17. Five people A, B, C, D, E sit randomly on a bench. Find the probability that:
a. C sits in the middle
b. A and B sit at either end of the chair
1.18. In a box there are n balls numbered from 1 to n. A person randomly draws two balls
at the same time. Find the probability that the person gets one ball with number less than
k and one with number greater than k (1<k<n).
1.19. Roll n symmetric and even dice. Find the probability that the total number of dots is
n+1
1.20. The frequency of a gunner's bullet hitting the target is 0.85. Find the number of
bullets that hit that gunner's target if he has 200 bullets.

21. Assume that the probability of having a boy and a girl is the same. A family with 3
children. Find the probability that the family has:
a. Two daughters
b. At least two daughters
c. Two daughters know that the first girl is a girl d. At least two daughters know that
the family has at least one daughter.
22. Find the probability that three people who do not know each other at random on the
street will:
a. Have different birthdays
b. Have the same birthday
23. There are n people in which m people have the same name randomly lined up. Find
the probability that m people with the same name stand next to each other if:
 a. They line up horizontally b. They lined up in a circle
b. If you want the probability of receiving information up to 0.9, then at least how
many times must it be transmitted.
24. Out of 10 products, there are 2 waste products. Randomly select 2 products. Find the
probability that both products are defective in the case.
a. get refund.
b. take non-refundable.
25. Shoot continuously at a target until the first bullet hits the target, then stop. Find the
probability that the 6th bullet must be fired, given that the probability of hitting the
target of each bullet is 0.2 and the shots are independent.
26. A storekeeper has a set of 9 keys, of which only one opens the door. He randomly
tries the keys one by one, which has been tried does not retry. Find the probability that
he opened it on the 4th time.
27. There are two shipments.
Lot 1: There are 90 genuine products and 10 waste products.
Lot 2: There are 80 genuine products and 20 defective products.
Randomly take one product from each shipment. Calculate the probability that:
a. Get a genuine product.
b. Get at least one genuine item.
28. The probability to shoot a bullet on target is 0.8. How many bullets must be fired so
that with probability less than 0.4 it can be expected that none of the bullets will miss.
29. The least number of times a dice must be rolled so that, with probability greater than
0.5, it can be expected that at least 1 turn will be 6.
30. A salesperson stores goods in 10 places every day with a probability of selling each
place 0.2.
a. Find the probability that the person sells goods in 2 places.
b. Find the probability that the person sells in at least 1 place.
31. Fire 3 bullets at an aircraft with the respective hit probability of 0.4; 0.5 and 0.7. If
one hit, the probability of the plane crashing is 0.2; If you hit 2 hits, the probability of
crashing the plane is 0.6, and if you hit all 3, the plane will definitely crash. Find the
probability that the plane will crash.
32. There are two shipments:
Lot 1: There are 7 main products and 3 waste products.
Lot 2: There are 8 genuine products and 2 waste products. From the first batch, 2
products are drawn, from the second batch, 3 products are drawn, and then 2 products
are drawn at random. Find the probability that there is at least one of the two products.
33. There are two product batches
Lot 1: There are a genuine products and b waste products.
Lot 2: There are c genuine products and d waste products. From the first batch, one
product is put into the second batch, then from the second batch one product is
transferred to the first batch, then from the first batch, one product is taken out to get
the original product.
34. The percentage of people addicted to cigarettes in the same place is 30%. Know that
the rate of people suffering from pharyngitis among smokers is 60% and the rate of
people with pharyngitis among non-smokers is 40%.
 a. Randomly select a person, knowing that he or she has a sore throat. Find the
probability that the person is addicted to the drug.
b. If the person does not have a sore throat, calculate the probability that the person is
a drug addict.
35. A person has 3 equally favorite places to fish. Probability to catch fish in those places
respectively: 0.6; 0.7 and 0.8. Know that in one place that person has cast a line 3
times and only caught one fish. Find the probability that the fish is caught in the first
place.
36. Statistics of 2000 students in a course of economics school by gender and discipline
obtained the following data:
Male Female
Economics 400 500
Business Administration 800 300
Randomly select a student from that course. Find the probability of getting:
a. male students
b. Economics student
c. Or male students, Or study economics.
d. Male student and studying economics.
e. If a student has been selected, what is the probability that he or she will study
economics?
37. In a liquor store, the number of bottles of Class A and Class B wines is equal. A bottle
of wine is randomly selected from stock and given to 4 connoisseurs to taste it to
determine what type of wine it is. Assume each person has an 80% chance of getting it
right. There are 3 people who conclude that the bottle is class A and one person
concludes that the bottle is class B. So, what is the probability that the chosen bottle is
class A?
38. In a theater with n numbered seats, n ticket holders sit at random. Find the probability
that m people sit in the right place.
39. A person puts 2 matches in his pocket, each containing n matches. Every time he
smokes, he randomly draws 1 pack and hits 1 stick. Find the probability that the
person discovers that 1 bag is empty, that the other bag has exactly r matches left.