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Rogerdudler - Github.io-Git - The Simple Guide

This document provides a summary of basic Git commands and workflows for getting started with version control in Git. It explains how to initialize a local repository, clone a remote repository, add and commit changes, push changes to a remote server, work with branches, tag releases, view commit history and logs, replace local changes, and lists some useful configuration options and graphical clients.

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tim tom
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58 views

Rogerdudler - Github.io-Git - The Simple Guide

This document provides a summary of basic Git commands and workflows for getting started with version control in Git. It explains how to initialize a local repository, clone a remote repository, add and commit changes, push changes to a remote server, work with branches, tag releases, view commit history and logs, replace local changes, and lists some useful configuration options and graphical clients.

Uploaded by

tim tom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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git - the simple guide

rogerdudler.github.io /git-guide/

just a simple guide for getting started with git. no deep shit ;)

create a new repository


create a new directory, open it and perform a
git
init
to create a new git repository.

checkout a repository
create a working copy of a local repository by running the command
git clone
/path/to/repository
when using a remote server, your command will be
git clone
username@host:/path/to/repository

workflow
your local repository consists of three "trees" maintained by git. the first one is your Working Directory which
holds the actual files. the second one is the Index which acts as a staging area and finally the HEAD which points to
the last commit you've made.

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add & commit
You can propose changes (add it to the Index) using
git add
<filename>
git add
*
This is the first step in the basic git workflow. To actually commit these changes use
git commit -m "Commit
message"
Now the file is committed to the HEAD, but not in your remote repository yet.

pushing changes
Your changes are now in the HEAD of your local working copy. To send those changes to your remote repository,
execute
git push origin
master
Change master to whatever branch you want to push your changes to.

If you have not cloned an existing repository and want to connect your repository to a remote server, you need to
add it with
git remote add origin
<server>
Now you are able to push your changes to the selected remote server

branching
Branches are used to develop features isolated from each other. The master branch is the "default" branch when
you create a repository. Use other branches for development and merge them back to the master branch upon
completion.

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create a new branch named "feature_x" and switch to it using
git checkout -b
feature_x
switch back to master
git checkout
master
and delete the branch again
git branch -d
feature_x
a branch is not available to others unless you push the branch to your remote repository
git push origin
<branch>

update & merge


to update your local repository to the newest commit, execute
git
pull
in your working directory to fetch and merge remote changes.
to merge another branch into your active branch (e.g. master), use
git merge
<branch>
in both cases git tries to auto-merge changes. Unfortunately, this is not always possible and results in conflicts. You
are responsible to merge those conflicts manually by editing the files shown by git. After changing, you need to mark
them as merged with
git add
<filename>
before merging changes, you can also preview them by using
git diff <source_branch>
<target_branch>

tagging
it's recommended to create tags for software releases. this is a known concept, which also exists in SVN. You can
create a new tag named 1.0.0 by executing
git tag 1.0.0
1b2e1d63ff
the 1b2e1d63ff stands for the first 10 characters of the commit id you want to reference with your tag. You can get
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the commit id by looking at the...

log
git
in its simplest form, you can study repository history using.. log
You can add a lot of parameters to make the log look like what you want. To see only the commits of a certain
author:
git log --
author=bob
To see a very compressed log where each commit is one line:
git log --
pretty=oneline
Or maybe you want to see an ASCII art tree of all the branches, decorated with the names of tags and branches:
git log --graph --oneline --decorate --
all
See only which files have changed:
git log --name-
status
git log --
These are just a few of the possible parameters you can use. For more, see help

replace local changes


In case you did something wrong, which for sure never happens ;), you can replace local changes using the
command
git checkout --
<filename>
this replaces the changes in your working tree with the last content in HEAD. Changes already added to the index,
as well as new files, will be kept.

If you instead want to drop all your local changes and commits, fetch the latest history from the server and point
your local master branch at it like this
git fetch
origin
git reset --hard
origin/master

useful hints
built-in git GUI
gitk
use colorful git output
git config color.ui
true
show log on just one line per commit
git config format.pretty
oneline
use interactive adding
git add -
i

links & resources


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graphical clients

guides

get help

Git User Mailing List


#git on irc.freenode.net

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