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CONJUNCTIONS

The document discusses three types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, and subordinating conjunctions. It provides examples of how each type is used to join words, phrases, and clauses. It also covers sentence structures, including simple, compound, and complex sentences. Additionally, it defines and provides examples of different types of adjectives and adverbs, including how they are used and formed.

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52 views

CONJUNCTIONS

The document discusses three types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, and subordinating conjunctions. It provides examples of how each type is used to join words, phrases, and clauses. It also covers sentence structures, including simple, compound, and complex sentences. Additionally, it defines and provides examples of different types of adjectives and adverbs, including how they are used and formed.

Uploaded by

0130 Crystalaquarius
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CONJUNCTIONS (A conjunction is used to join words, phrases and clauses.

1.Coordinating Conjunctions

2.Correlative Conjunctions

3.Subordinating Conjunctions

Co-ordinating Conjunctions

Used to join words, phrases and clauses.

You may use coordinating conjunctions in the following situations:

1.To join two words: We can go hiking or swimming.

2.To join two phrases: Mike has submitted his journal writing and essay writing.

3.To join clauses: I tried to help her with her homework, but she refused my
assistance.

List of coordinating conjunctions: FANBOYS

Examples:

For (to show a reason): He decided not to buy the watch, for it was expensive.

And: They bought a laptop and a printer.

Or (choices): You can have this blue handkerchief or that green handkerchief.

Nor: He refuses to attend the meeting, nor will he come for the rehearsal.

But: I will tell you the secret, but you must not tell anyone.

Yet: He was the last person to arrive, yet his name was called first.

So (to show effect): They woke up late, so they missed the bus.
Correlative Conjunctions

Correlative conjunctions are used to join two similar structures.

You may use these correlative conjunctions in the following situations:

1.To join two words: They will not only sing but also dance.

2.To join two phrases: We can either go jogging or watch a movie.

3.To join two clauses: Neither does he want to cook, nor does he want to do
the dishes.

The following are some common correlative conjunctions:

Examples

Either...or: Either James or Mike will attend the party.

Neither...nor: Neither the doctors nor the dentists will attend the conference.

Not only...but also: Not only Lisa but also Sammi will attend my wedding
ceremony.

both...and: Both Lisa and Sammi will attend my wedding ceremony.

Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions are words that are used to join together a dependent
clause (subordinating clause) and an independent clause (main clause).

Example: She left work early because she had to meet a client at 5pm.

Main clause: She left work early

Subordinating clause: because she had to meet a client at 5pm


The following are some common subordinating conjunctions which are used to
indicate a time, place, or cause and effect relationship.

Although Unless When After


Because If Whereas Before
So that While As Even if
Since Even though Though Until
Basic Sentence Structure: Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences

Sentence Types

•Simple

•Compound

•Complex

Simple sentences

1 subject + 1 predicate

1 subject + compound predicate

Compound subject + 1 subject

Compound subject + compound predicate

Compound sentences

1. More than one independent clauses


2. Independent clauses are connected by coordinating conjunctions
(FANBOYS), conjunctive adverbs (accordingly, also, anyway, besides) or a
semi-colon (;).

Complex sentences

1. At least two parts: dependent clauses and independent clauses


2. Dependent clauses are connected to independent clauses by a subordinating
conjunction.
Adjectives

 Describe or modify other words


 Examples : sharp, small, blue, glamorous (sexy), mischievous (naughty),
intelligent
 There are five types of adjectives:
 Possessive Adjectives
 Demonstrative Adjectives
 Numbers Adjectives
 Interrogative Adjectives
 Attributive Adjectives

Possessive adjectives

- To indicate possession
- My, your, our, his, their, and its

Demonstrative adjectives

- To indicate or demonstrate specific people, animals, or things


- These, those, this, and that

Numbers adjectives

- How many

Interrogative adjectives

- Which, what, and whose

Attributive Adjectives

- Denote specific traits, qualities, or features


- Observation adjectives: real, perfect, best, interesting, beautiful, cheapest
- Size and shape adjectives: small, large, square, round, poor, wealthy, slow
- Age adjectives: old, young, new, five-year-old
- Color adjectives: pink, yellow, blue
- Origin adjectives: American, Canadian, Mexican, French
- Material adjectives: cotton, gold, wool
- Qualifier adjectives: log cabin, luxury car, pillow cover

Comparative adjectives

- Adding -er to the positive form of the adjective


- Words of two syllables ending with “y” change to “I”
- Adding “more” before the word

Superlatives adjectives

- Adding -est to the positive form of the adjective


- Words of two syllables ending with “y” change to “I”
- Adding “most” before the adjective

Positive form

- No differences between the two compared things or persons


- Use “as” before and after the positive form of the adjective
- For example: as smart as

Exceptions (irregular forms)

Positive Comparative Superlative


Good Better Best
Bad Worse Worst
Little Less Least
Much/many/some More most
Adverb

- Change, modify or qualify several types of words


- how, where, when, in what manner and to what extent something is done
or happens
- often formed by adding the letters “-ly” to adjectives
- Types of Adverbs:
 Adverbs of Manner
 Adverbs of Place
 Adverbs of Frequency
 Adverbs of Time
 Adverb of Purpose

Adverbs of Manner

- how an action is carried out


- exp: She passed the exam easily.

Adverbs of Place

- where an action happens


- exp: New York is located north of Philadelphia.

Adverbs of Frequency

- express time or how often something occurs


- exp: Johnathan has always been keen on music.

Adverbs of Time

- when something happens


- exp: Harvey forgot his lunch yesterday.

Adverbs of Purpose

- why something happened


- exp: I was sick, thus didn’t go to work today.
Order of Adverbs

Adverbs are placed in the following order:

▪ Adverbs of manner.

▪ Adverbs of place.

▪ Adverbs of frequency.

▪ Adverbs of time.

▪ Adverbs of purpose.

EXP: I run (verb) quickly (manner) down the road (place) every morning
(frequency) before school (time) because (purpose) I might miss the bus.

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