I.

Introduction
In this lesson, we are able to understand the properties of a circle. Write the
equation, sketch the graph and solve the problems involving circles.

II. Objectives
At the end of this module, learners are expected to:

1. define a circle;
2. determine the center and radius of a circle;
3. determine the equation of a circle satisfying given conditions;
4. graph a circle in the Cartesian plane;
5. solves problem involving circles;
6. relates circles in real-life situation.

III. Content
Lesson 2: Circles

Activity 1: Let’s do this!

Solving the distance of two given coordinate points can be computed through the
use of distance formula, while midpoint formula determines the point that is halfway of
two other points.

Complete the table by finding the distance and the coordinate of midpoint of the
two given points.
Given Points Distance Midpoint
a. (-5, 4) and (0, 9)
b. (5, 3) and (2, 0)
c. (-8, 6) and (-5, -1)
d. (0, 9) and (-5,-1)
We are going to find the distance and the midpoint of (-5, 4) and (0, 9) using the
formula below;

Distance Formula: Midpoint Formula:

D= √ ( x 2−x1 )2+( y 2− y1 )2
Solution:
M =( x ¿ ¿ m, x m)= ( x +2 x , y +2 y ) ¿
1 2 1 2

Substitute the given values Solution:

D= √( x 2−x1 ) +( y 2− y1 )
2 2 Substitute the given values

D= √(0+5)2+(9−4 )2
D= √25+25
M= ( x1 + x2 y1 + y2
2
,
2 )
D= √50
1
 D=5 √ 2 ≈ 7.07 units
M= ( (−5)+0
2
,
2 )
4 +9

M =( , )
(−5) 13
2 2
Hence, the distance of point (-5, 4) from Hence, the midpoint of point (-5, 4) from
point (0, 9) is 5 √ 2 or approximately 7.07
units point (0, 9) is((−5) 13
2
,
2 )
Now try to find the remaining distance and midpoint of the given points.

A circle is the set of points in a plane that are equidistant from a given point,
called the center. The radius (plural, radii) of the circle is the distance between each of
its points and the center

A circle may also be considered a special kind of ellipse (for the special case
when the tilted plane is horizontal). As we get to know more about a circle, we will also
be able to distinguish more between these two conics.

There are two (2) types of circle that we need to know first, to enable for us to
distinguish the equation and to graph our circle.

2 Types of Circle;

 circle with the center @ the origin and;

 circle with the center not in the origin.

 CIRCLE WITH THE CENTER AT THE ORIGIN

Since the circle is defined as a set of all points equidistant from the center, we can
use the distance formula to determine an equation of a circle. We begin with a circle
having its center at the origin C(0, 0), passing through a point P(x, y), and having a
radius r.

D= √ ( x 2−x1 ) +( y 2− y1 )
2 2
Distance formula.

r =√( x 2−0) +( y 2−0)

2 2
Substitute.

r 2=x 2 + y 2 Square both sides.

2 2 2
Figure 1 or x + y =r

2
 The center-radius form of the equation of a circle with its center at the origin and
radius r is given by;
2 2 2
x + y =r , w h ere r >0

Figure 1 is a circle where the fixed-point C is at the origin, where the set of all
points P having the same distance from C is called a circle. The point C is called the
center of the circle, and the common distance its radius r.

 CIRCLE WITH A CENTER NOT ON THE ORIGIN

We can also use the distance formula to determine an equation of a circle having a
radius r and a center C (h, k) that is not at the origin. We begin with a circle having a
center C (h, k) and passing through point P (x, y).

D= √ ( x 2−x1 ) +( y 2− y1 )
2 2
Distance formula.

r =√( x 2−h) +( y 2−k )

2 2
Substitute.

r 2=¿ Square both sides.

or ¿
Figure 2

The center-radius form of the equation of a circle with center C (h, k)and radius r
is given by;

Figure 2 is a circle where the fixed-point C (h, k) be a given point, where the set
of all points P(x, y) having the same distance from C (h, k) is called a circle. The point
C(h, k) is called the center of the circle, and the common distance its radius r.

Some additional ideas about circle…

Figure 3 shows that 𝐴𝐵̅̅̅ and 𝐸𝐷̅̅̅ are chords,

segments where their endpoints are on the
circle. Though the segment 𝐸𝐷 is a chord, it is
3
 also a diameter because it passes through the
center 𝐶 of the circle.
Figure 3

Figure 4 shows that line m is a tangent line

with Point D as the point of tangency. Line n
on the hand is the secant line where the two
points A and B are its intersection to the
circle.

Some terminologies about circles…

Center is the point that is equidistant to all the points on the circle. Its coordinates are
defined by C (h, k) where h refers to x and k to y.

Radius is a segment whose endpoints are the center and a point on the circle.

Chord of a circle is a line segment that has its endpoints on the circle.

Diameter is a chord that passes through the center of the circle and its length is twice
as long as a radius.

Tangent is a line segment or ray that intersects a circle at exactly one point.

Secant is a line, a segment, or ray that intersects a circle at two different points.

Example 1. Write the equation of a circle with the given center and radius.

a. Center at the origin with radius 6.

Solution: Since the center is @ the origin we are going to use this equation.

4
 2 2 2
x + y =r

Given: C = (0, 0) and r = 6

Answer: x 2+ y 2=62 or x 2+ y 2=36

Since the center is @ the origin we all have to do is just substitute the value of
radius r.

b. Center at (-2, 3) with radius 5.

Solution: Since the center is a given point C(x, y) or C (h, k) we are going to use this
equation.

Given: C = (-2, 3) and r = 5

Answer: ¿ or ¿

Since the center is a given point C (h, k) just substitute the given center to the
equation the same with the given value for radius r.

Example 2. Write the equation of a circle with the given center and radius.

a. C= (0, 0) and r = √ 7

Solution:
2 2 2
x + y =r equation to be used.
2
x 2 + y 2=( √ 7 ) substitute.

x 2+ y 2=7 simplify.

b. C= (-7, 1) and r = 2
Solution:

¿ equation to be used.
2 2
[ x−(−7 ) ] + [ x−( 1 ) ] =(2)2 substitute.

¿ simplify.

So, we are familiar with writing the equation of a circle. Now let’s try to sketch
the graph of a circle.
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 In graphing a circle, there are three easy steps to follow on how to graph or
sketch a circle in our Cartesian Plane.

Steps in Graphing a Circle:

 Locate the center (h, k,)

 Locate the radius and;
 Draw the circle

Note: In locating the radius r just count how many units of up, down, left and right from
your center. For example the radius r = 5, that is equivalent to 5 units from the center.

Example 3. Sketch the graph of a circle with an equation of x 2+ y 2=9.

Solution: To graph this circle given by its equation we are going to follow the steps
given above.

1st Step: Locate the center.

y
4

Since the given3 equation of a circle is

2 2
x + y =9 therefore,
2 the center of this
x circle is at the origin.
1 So, we are going
C (0,
to plot the center at the origin and
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
label our coordinate points.
-1

-2

-3

-4

y
4
2nd step. Locate the radius
(0, 3)
3

To locate the 2 radius 3 unitswe need to

x find the value 1of r in the equation
2 (-3,
2 0) C (0, (3, 0)
x + y =9. Based on 1
the equation
-4 -3 -2 -1 2 3 4
the value of r2 =9. So, to find the
-1
value of3 units
r, we have3 to unitsextract the
square root of-2 r = 9. Therefore, r
2
6
(0, -3)
=3 it means -3that the radius is 3
units away from the center. So,
-4
we are going to count 3units up,
3rd Step. Draw the Circle.

y
4
(0, 3)
The final step3is to draw the circle.
You can use a compass to make
2
your circle a perfect circle. But if
x you don’t have1 aCcompass
(0,
you(3,can
(-3, 0) 0)
sketch a circle by using your
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
pencil.
-1

-2
(0, -3)
-3

-4

y Example 4. Sketch the graph of a circle

5 having the equation of ¿
4

3 1st Step. Locate the center (h, k)

C (-1, 2)
2 Solution:
x 1

-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3
Since the given equation of a circle
-1
is ¿ therefore, the center of this 7
circle is a given point
-2 C(h, k) . So, so
the center of the circle
-3 is at C (-1, 2).
Now, lets plot the center first.
2nd Step. Locate the radius

y
To locate the (-1, radius
4) 5 we need to
find the value of r4in the equation ¿
. Based2 on unitsthe equation the value
3
2 C (-1, 2)
of(-3,r 2) =4. So, to find the value (1, 2) of r,

we have to extract2 the square root

3 units
2
2 units
x of r = 4. Therefore,
2 units 1 r =2 it means
that the radius is 2units away from
-1
-4the -3center. -2 (-1, 0) we are 1 2 3 to
So, going
count 2units up,-1 down, left and
right. Then, plot-2 the coordinate
points of a circle. -3

y
(-1, 4) 5
4 3rd Step. Draw the circle
3
(-3, 2) C (-1, 2) (1, 2)
2
3 units

x The final step is to 1 draw the circle.

You can use -1 a compass to make

-4 -3 -2 (-1, 0) 1 2 3
your circle a perfect circle. But if
-1
you don’t have a compass you can 8
sketch a circle-2 by using your
pencil. -3
Example 5. Problem Solving.

Dolores is building a circular fountain and a concrete walkway around it. The
landscape architect gave her a drawing of the design with distances measured in
feet.

a. Use the equations given to determine the radius of each circle.

b. Determine the area of the fountain and the concrete walkway combined.
c. Determine the area of the walkway.
d. Determine the circumference of the outer edge of the walkway

Solution:

a. Inner circle Outer circle

2 2 2 2
x + y −9=0 x + y −25=0
2 2 2 2
x + y =9 x + y =25

9
 2 2 2 2 2 2
x + y =3 x + y =5

The radius is 3 feet. The radius is 5 feet.

b. The area of the fountain and the concrete walkway is the area of the outer circle
with radius 5 feet.
2
A=π r
2
A=π (5)

A=25 π

The total area covered is25 π square feet, or approximately 78.54 square feet.

c. The area of the walkway is difference of the area of the outer circle and the area
of the inner circle.
The inner circle has a radius of 3 feet.
A=π r 2
2
A=π (3)

A=9 π

The area of the outer circle (found in part b) minus the area of the inner circle is
the area of the walkway.

25 π−9 π=16 π
The walkway area is 16 π square feet, or approximately 50.27 square feet.

d. The radius of the outer circle is 5 feet.

C=2 π r ❑
C=2 π (5)
C=10 π
The outer circumference for the walkway is 10 π feet, or approximately 31.42 feet.

IV. Assessment
a. Encircle the letter of the correct answer

1. Which of the following is a line that passes through the center of the circle?

10
 A. chord
B. diameter
C. secant
D. tangent

2. Which of the following equations of a circle has a center of (1, - 5)?

A. (𝑥+1)2+(𝑦+5)2=25
B. (𝑥−1)2+(𝑦−5)2=25
C. (𝑥−1)2+(𝑦+5)2=25
D. (𝑥+1)2+(𝑦−5)2=2

3. The diameter is 6 and the center is at the origin, which equation of the circle best
describe the given?
A. 𝑥2+𝑦2=3
B. 𝑥2+𝑦2=9
C. 𝑥2+𝑦2=6
D. 𝑥2+𝑦2=1

4. If the diameter has endpoints at (5, -5) and (1, 3), what must be the center of the
circle?
A. (2 , -1)
B. (2, -2)
C. (3, -1)
D. (3, -2)

5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the equation (𝑥−4)2 + (𝑦+7)2= 36?
A. center is (4, -7)
B. radius is 36
C. diameter is 12
D. circle is tangent to x - axis

a. Write the equation and sketch the graph of a circle with the given center and
radius. Draw your answer on the space provided. You can use an extra sheets
or graphing paper if necessary.

1. Center: (0, 0), Radius: 4 2. Center (2,-2), Diameter: 4

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c. Problem solving

Directions: Read the Problem and answer the questions that follow. Write your answer
on the space provided.

The townsfolk of Grandville erected a statue of

the town founder, General Heineken, in the center of
town. To do so, they constructed a circular park in the
center. The park was covered with grass, except for a
concrete circle in the middle upon which the statue
stood. The landscape architect’s drawing described
the large circle covering the park by the equation
2 2
x + y =5625 and the small circle of concrete by the
equation x 2+ y 2=100 . The two circles are concentric,
with distances measured in feet.

1. Determine the radius of each circle. :________________

2. Determine the area of the park and the area of the concrete circle. :_____________
3. Determine the area of the grass. :_____________________
4. Determine the circumference of the park. :______________

V. References
Albay, Eduard M. (2016) DIWA Senior High Series: Precalculus. DIWA Learning
System Inc. Makati, Philippines

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Department of Education. Bureau of Learning Resources. Precalculus Learner’s
Material. Philippines: Lexicon Press Inc., 2016

Department of Education. Bureau of Learning Resources. Precalculus Teacher’s Guide.

Philippines: Lexicon Press Inc., 2016

Pelias, John Gabriel P.( 2016) REX: Precalculus. REX Book Store. Manila, Philippines

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