QUARTER 2 LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET NO: 1

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES (EAPP)

Module 1: Analyzes the Arguments Used by the Writer/s in Manifestoes

I. INTRODUCTION

This module will help you identify arguments in a manifesto as well as guide you in
understanding the meaning of those arguments.

II. VOCABULARY LIST

Let’s enrich your vocabulary with these terms that you will encounter throughout this lesson.
1. Manifesto- a document publicly declaring the position or program of its issuer. It advances
a set of ideas, opinions, or views but it can also lay out a plan of action. While it can
address any topic, it most often concerns art, literature, or politics.
2. Arguments- reasons or the reasoning given for or against a matter under discussion —
compare evidence and proof

III. ACTIVITIES/ LEARNING CONCEPT

PRE-TEST
Read the text below and answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper.

Most people don’t get enough sleep. We are a society that Answer the following
burns the candle at both ends, a nation where people stay up all questions:
night to study, work, or have fun. However, going without 1. What is the main
adequate sleep carries with it both short- and long-term argument discussed
consequences. in the text?
2. What are the reasons
In the short term, a lack of adequate sleep can affect presented to support
judgment, mood, ability to learn and retain information, and may the main claim?
increase the risk of serious accidents and injury. In the long term, 3. Do you agree with the
chronic sleep deprivation may lead to a host of health problems statement above?
including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and
even early mortality.

A. WHAT IS MANIFESTO?
Have you ever heard about a manifesto?

Manifesto is a document publicly declaring the position or program of its issuer. It advances
a set of ideas, opinions, or views but it can also lay out a plan of action. While it can address any
topic, it most often concerns art, literature, or politics. Manifestos are generally written in the name
of a group sharing a common perspective, ideology, or purpose rather than in the name of a single
individual.

Major Categories of Characteristic

Manifesto
1. Goal A goal can be a manifesto when we share it with other people.
It’s public, it’s a declaration and it’s about what one intends to
have happened.
2. List and Rules A manifesto containing set of rules for behaving within a specific
context or a list of items to be achieved or tasks to be
fulfilled.
3. World This type of manifesto aims to create a new world. It’s not
about simple rules, instead, it presents a vision for the future.
 A solemn declaration by the constituted authorities of a nation
which contains the reason for its public acts towards another.
On the declaration of war, a manifesto is usually issued in which
the nation declaring war states the reasons for so doing.
Manifesto aims for a change in state or in other words, the Add-on Info
author is trying to convince the reader to believe the concept that A statement can only be
he/she is trying to convey by giving arguments or logical reasons considered an argument if
that will catch the attention of the reader and eventually believing it. it presents proof or
However, the challenge lies on how a reader will understand evidence, however if it does
the meaning that the author or writer wanted him/her to know. not, it is only a mere
EXAMPLES OF MANIFESTO AND ANALYSIS OF ARGUMENTS opinion.
Category and Example of Manifesto Analysis of Argument
1. GOAL 1. The argument that the manifesto wanted to me to
In adversity, the crisis has also believe in is that “COVID- 19 Pandemic has brought
brought out some of the best in our about Positive Effects.”
societies, from solidarity among 2. First reason the author makes to support his/ her
neighbors, to the bravery of health conclusion is found on the first sentence where the
and other key workers in facing down author uses the reason as his/ her example to prove
risks to their own health to serve their his/ her claim, “Solidarity among neighbors and
communities, to countries working bravery of health and other key workers, to countries
together to provide emergency relief working together to provide emergency relief or to
or to research treatments and research treatments and vaccines.”.
vaccines. The “lockdown” measures 3. List of the other Reasons:
that have been necessary to control a. Pollution levels have dropped where people have
the spread of COVID- 19 have slowed breathed fresh air, have seen blue skies, and clean
economic activity and disrupted lives- waters.
but have also given some glimpses of b. Reduced time spent commuting and flexible ways of
a possible brighter future. In some Steps in Analyzing an Argument
places, pollution levels have dropped • Briefly note the main assertion (what does the
to such an extent that people have writer want me to believe or do?
breathed clean air, or have been seen • Make a note of the first reason the author
blue skies and clean waters, or have makes to
been able to walk and cycle safely support his/ her conclusion.
with their children- for the first times in • Write down every other reason.
their lives. The use of digital • Underline the most important reason studying
technology has accelerated new because of digital connecting with each other.
ways of working and connecting with c. Spending a lot of time with families.
each other, from reducing time spent d. Raise awareness of environment conservation.
commuting, to more flexible ways of 4. If the argument has several different reasons, we
studying, to carrying out medical select the most important reason to know the main
consultations remotely, to spending argument, but you need not select the main reason
more time with our families. Opinion with this kind of argument where all reasons fall under
polls from around the world show that a single main reason which is “the positive effects or
people want to protect the impact of COVID Pandemic,”
environment and preserve Explanation for being a manifesto categorized
the positive that have emerged from under Goal:
the crisis as we recover ###. The manifesto does not use obviously convincing
words rather it hides the intention of changing people’s
Source: Dr. Tedros Adhanom mind using positive pictures or situation. It shares to
Ghebreyesus, “What the
We Have Learned From COVID- 19,” reader the goal or the picture of something that
WHO everyone
Manifesto for a Healthy Recovery
from COVID- 19,
 May 26. 2020, www.who.int will accept and appreciate with the subtle purpose of
making people believe the premise. It is different with
World in the sense that it does not impose the goal.
Note: A manifesto could be in this category if the goal
(something beautiful and acceptable to everyone) is
shared to reader for them to appreciate and eventually
to
believe in the arguments presented.

Category and Example of Manifesto Analysis of Argument

2. LIST AND RULES The manifesto simply
Management of people with COVID-19 or their contacts indicates the argument
• Workers who are unwell or who develop symptoms consistent with about the ways to
COVID-19 should be urged to stay at home, self-isolate, and contact manage people infected
a medical professional or the local COVID-19 information line for with COVID- 19 or their
advice on testing and referral.19 who develop contacts.
symptoms consistent with COVID-19 should be urged to stay at home, Explanation on how it
self-isolate, and contact a medical professional or the local COVID-19 is a manifesto under
information line for advice on testing and referral. List and
• Where local community transmission is high, and work continues, Rules:
allow for a telemedicine consultation where available, or consider ❖ The manifesto sets
waiving the requirement for a medical note for workers who are sick the rules (the bulleted
so that they may stay home. information) on how to
• All workers should be urged to self-monitor their health, possibly with do things in a specific
the use of questionnaires, and take their body temperature regularly. situation.
• Thermal screening at the workplace should be considered only in the
context of a combination of measures for prevention and control of
COVID-19
at the workplace and along with risk
communication.
• Standard operating procedures should be prepared to manage a
person who becomes sick at the workplace and is suspected of having
COVID-19,
including placing the person in an isolation room, limiting the number
of people in contact, using personal protective equipment, and
performing
follow-up cleaning and disinfection.
• It is important to contact the local health authorities and to keep
attendance and meeting records to facilitate or undertake contact
tracing.
Source: World Health Organization,
“Considerations for Public Health and Social Measures in the
Workplace in the Context of COVID- 19,” May 10, 2020. www.who.int

Category and Example of Manifesto Analysis of Argument

3. WORLD 1. The main assertion that this
“NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, manifesto is pointing at is that the
President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested declaration of martial law in the
upon me by Article VII, Section 10, Paragraph (2) of the country or also known as the
Constitution, do hereby place the entire Philippines as Proclamation no. 1081 s.
defined in Article I, Section 1 of the Constitution under 1972.simply because it is what
martial law and, in my capacity as their commander-in- this manifesto is all about. It is
chief, do hereby command the armed forces of the what the author envisions.
Philippines, to maintain law and order throughout the 2. The first reason that supports the
Philippines, prevent or suppress all forms of lawless assertion is the one that follows
 violence as well as any act of insurrection or rebellion and immediately after the assertion, in
to enforce obedience to all the laws and decrees, orders the case of this manifesto, it is the
and regulations promulgated by me personally or upon my “maintain law and order throughout
direction. the Philippines”.
In addition, I do hereby order that all persons 3. The other reasons mentioned are
presently detained, as well as all others who may hereafter (a.) prevent or suppress all forms of
be similarly detained for the crimes of insurrection or lawless violence as well as any act
rebellion, and all other crimes and offenses committed in of insurrection or rebellion (b.) to
furtherance or on the occasion thereof, or incident thereto, enforce obedience to all the laws
or in connection therewith, for crimes against national and decrees, orders and regulations.
security and the law of nations, crimes against public order, These reasons can also be
crimes involving usurpation of authority, rank, title and acknowledged as the vision of the
improper use of names, uniforms and insignia, crimes future that the author declares that
committed by public officers, and for such other crimes as makes this manifesto as an example
will be enumerated in Orders that I shall subsequently under the category “world.”
promulgate, as well as crimes as a consequence of any Note: It is only a manifesto under
violation of any decree, order or regulation promulgated by world if the declaration is done by
me personally or promulgated upon my direction shall be an authority or authorized group to
kept under detention until otherwise ordered released by do the declaration and if it envisions
me or by my duly designated representative.” change in the future.
Source: The Philippine Gazette, “Proclamation
1081, s. 1972,” September 21, 1972,
www.officialgazette.gov.ph

TASK A: Read the following content carefully and identify the major category of manifesto and
explain briefly why it is so. Write your answers in the piece of paper or in your notebook.

Example:
In the recent years, Filipino martial arts have been appropriated by a number of Hollywood
action films. Tom Cruise (Mission Impossible 2), Angelina Jolie (Tomb Raider: Cradle of Life) and
Matt Damon (Bourne Series) utilized the Pinoy Fighting form or one of its many variants. (Pepper
Marcelo)

Answer: Category- Goal

Explanation: The manifesto is about the Filipino Martial Arts being known in other countries. If you
are a Filipino, this idea would be something that you dream to happen and would want to happen.
It belongs to the category GOAl since the assertion made by the writer is a situation that is positive
for everyone.

1. “The National Democratic Front of the Philippines and the broad masses of the people themselves need
to refrain from launching tactical offensiveness to gain more time and opportunity to fight the COVID- 19
pandemic and to look after the health and power- all welfare of the people in both urban and rural areas.”-
Jose Maria “Joma” Sison, exiled founder of the Communist Party of the Philippines.
Category:__________________ Explanation:_____________________________________________

2. How to vote on election day in 12 easy steps

Step 1: Go to your assigned polling precinct from 6 a.m. to 5 p.m. on May 9 The Commission on Election
(Comelec) advises voters to come early and not wait until the last minute. Look for your name in the voters
list posted near the precinct. The Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting (PPCRV) voter’s assistance
desk in the polling place can also help you look for your precinct, sequence, and room number.
Step 2: Fall in line in the holding area
Step 3: Give your name, valid I.D., and precinct number to the Board of Election Inspectors (BEIs)
Step 4: Get your ballot, ballot secrecy folder, marker, and go to the voting area Make sure your ballot is clean
of any marks.
Step 5: Vote wisely Under voting and abstaining is allowed; overvoting is not. If you overvote, the vote will
not be counted. Shade the entire oval corresponding to your candidate of choice. Cover your ballot using the
ballot secrecy folder; even the poll watchers and BEI cannot look at your ballot. Do not make any other marks
on the ballot.
Step 6: Feed your ballot into the vote-counting machine
The machine has a green check button that casts your vote and a red "X" button that returns your ballot. If
you don't press either in one second, the machine automatically casts your ballot and prints a receipt.
Step 7: Return the ballot secrecy folder and marker
Step 8: Wait for your receipt to print and let the precinct supervisor cut your receipt from the machine Do not
tear or pull the voter's receipt because it can cause the entire roll of thermal paper to be yanked, which may
cause the vote-counting machines (VCMs) to temporarily shut down. The BEI will cut the receipt using a pair
of scissors.
Step 9: Have your right forefinger marked with indelible ink
Step 10: Take your voter's receipt and verify your vote
Step 11: Drop the receipt in the receptacle beside the VCM provided by Comelec
,Step 12: Leave the polling precinct

Category:__________________ Explanation:_____________________________________________

3. As adults, we can accept bad language on TV programs, as long as it relates to the program in question
(i.e. drama series or films). However, children should not have to hear that sort of language. I’m not a prude
by any means, but I find it really depressing when I hear children from children to toddler age and up using
foul language. Of course, they learn this from their parents and other family members, but let’s minimize their
exposure by keeping it out of children’s programs. - Karen, UK (BBC Online)
Category:__________________ Explanation:_____________________________________________

TASK B: Read the manifesto below and give your analysis on the following arguments by answer the
activity given.

Video Games Adversely Affect Children’s Brains

By: Rafael Castillo

A lot of children in the Philippines and worldwide are crazy about video game play (VGP).
Some parents even encourage it with the belief that it can increase their children’s dexterity and
could even improve their IQ. We now have robust scientific data indicating this impression to be
erroneous.
Although some scientific studies suggest that VGP may improve certain types of visual agility
skills, negative effects of VGP outweigh them, with unfavorable effects on verbal memory, attention,
sleep, learning and comprehension. Most children regularly engaging in VGP have demonstrated
by sophisticated imaging studies that the release of the hormone dopamine is increased, which is
associated with most types of addiction.
A high level of dopamine makes one experience pleasure. Repeated exposure to an addictive
substance or behavior such as playing video games conditions the brain cells in key areas like the
prefrontal cortex—the area of the brain involved in planning and executing tasks—to crave and go
after the substance or behavior causing the release of dopamine. The end result is being “addicted”
to the source of pleasure, and in our children’s case—addiction to video games.
Some scientists describe the effect of video games as “hijacking the pleasure center,” which
is the same reward circuit in the brain involved with motivation and memory. Since an addictive
behavior like VGP stimulates the same circuit, this part becomes “hijacked and overloaded,”
unfavorably affecting the child’s memory, learning and motivation to acquire other knowledge and
skills. Hence, for many children, they may prefer playing their video games than doing their school
assignments or reviewing for their exams.
Source: Excerpts from, Rafael Castillo, “Video Games Adversely Affect Children’s Brains,” 2015,
www. Inquirer.net

Directions: In two paragraphs, write your reaction in your notebook to the arguments presented by
the
writer in the manifesto above. Use the questions below as guide in writing your reaction.
A. Is the argument generally logically acceptable?
B. Are the evidences presented realistic?
C. Is the argument leading to the development of society?

POST-TEST
Directions: Read the manifesto below and analyze the arguments presented by the writer
by answering the questions in your notebook.

MANILA, Philippines — Locally stranded individuals (LSI) need not to present the results of
their coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) swab test before returning to provinces, Interior
Secretary Eduardo Año clarified Monday.
Año issued the clarification after stranded passengers at the North Port Passenger Terminal
in Tondo, Manila were reportedly required to present swab test results.
“Hindi required ‘yung PCR [polymerase chain reaction] testing sa kanila. Hindi pa naman na-
approve ‘yung bagong pino-propose nating protocol na maga-undergo ng PCR testing ang mga LSI
pero ito ay doon na sa kanilang point of destination,” Año said in an interview on Teleradyo.
“So ngayon, yung current protocols pa rin natin na medical clearance certificate, travel
authority and then pagdating sa LGU, 14 days mandatory quarantine,” he added.
(Right now, the current protocols remain – they should have a medical clearance certificate,
travel authority and upon arriving to the LGU, a 14-day mandatory quarantine.) Last week,
Malacañang said stranded individuals and overseas Filipino workers will soon be required to
undergo COVID-19 swab tests before they could return to their provinces so that local government
units
will no longer have to worry that the returning residents will become carriers of the virus.
Source: Krissy Aguilar, Inquirer.Net, July 2020

1. What is the main point or idea of the manifesto above?

2. List down the evidence presented as proof to the argument.
3. What category does the above manifesto belong? Defend your answer.