DECIMALS

3.1 INTRODUCTION
In Class VI, we have learnt about decimal numbers, representation of decimal numbers on
the number line, their comparison, addition and subtraction. In this chapter, we will learn
about multiplication and division of decimal numbers. Let us first recall various concepts
which we have learnt in the earlier class.

3.2 RECAPITULATION
DECIMALS We have learnt in the previous class that the decimals are an extension of our
number system. We have also learnt that decimals can be considered as fractions whose
denominators are 10, 100, 1000 etc. We may say that the numbers expressed in decimal
forms are called decimals. For example, 17.235, 0.149, 125.005, 2534.0 etc are decimal
numbers or decimals.
Clearly, each decimal number or decimal has two parts, namely
(i) whole-number part, ii) decimal part.
Also, these parts are separated by a dot (), called the decimal point.
In the decimal number 27.54, whole number
part is 27 and decimal part is 54.
DECIMAL PLACES The number of digits contained in the
decimal part of a decimal number
is known as the number of decimal
places.
For example, 3.75 has two decimal
places and 85.325 has three decimal places.
LIKE AND UNLIKE DECIMALS Decimals
having the same number of places are called like
decimals i.e. decimals having the same number
are known as like decimals.
of digits on the right of the decimal point
Otherwise, the decimals are unlike decimals.
For example, 5.25, 15.04, 273.89 are like
decimals and 9.5, 18.235, 20.0254 etc are unlike
decimals.
It is to note that
by annexing zeros on the
decimal part of a number does not alter the right
side of the extreme right digit of the
value of the number. So, unlike decimals can
always be converted into like decimals by annexing
side of the extreme required number of zeros on the right
right digit in the decimal part.
For example, 7.4, 15.35, 49.105 are unlike decimals. These decimals
7.400, 15.350, 49.105. Now, these are like decimals. can be re-written as

3.2.1 COMPARING DECIMALS

In order to
compare decimal numbers, we may follow the
STEPI
following steps:
Obtain the decimal numbers
STEPII Compare the whole parts of the numbers. The number with
will be greater. If the whole
parts are
greater whole part
equal, go
to next step.
 Mathematics for Class VIL
3.2
Compare the extreme left digits of the decimal parts of two numbers. The numk
imal
mber
STEPI will be greater. If the
extreme left digits ofdeci
with greater extreme left digit
the next digits and so
on.
are equal, then compare
parts
and 39.35?
ILLUSTRATION 1 Which isgreater of 48.23
distinct whole number parts, so we compare wholo
Solution The given decimals have
number parts only.
In 48.23, the whole
number part is 48.
In 39.35, the whole number part is 39.
48>39
48.23> 39.35.
ILLUSTRATION 2 Write the following decinmals in ascending order:
5.64, 2.54,3.05,0.259 and 8.32

Solution Converting the given decimals into like decimals, we get

5.640, 2.540, 3.050, 0.259 and 8.320
Clearly, 0.259 <2.540 < 3.050 < 5.640<8.320
Hence, the given decimals in the ascending order are:
0.259, 2.54, 3.05, 5.64 and 8.32
A decimal can always be converted into a fraction by using the following
steps:
STEPI Obtain the decimal.
STEP Take the numerator as the number obtained by removing the decimal point from
the given decimal.
STEPIII Take the denominator as the number obtained by inserting as many zeros with 1
(e.g. 10, 100 or 1000 etc.) as there are number ofplaces in the decimal part.
ILLUSTRATION 3 Express the following decimals as fractions in lowest form:
i) 0.05 (ii) 3.75 (ii) 0.004 (iv) 5.066
Solution We have,

05 5
) 0.05 1 (ii) 3.75=375 15
100 1000 20 100 4
4
(iii) 0.004 =- 1 (iv) 56=5066 2533
1000 250 1000 500
In the beginning of this section,
have mentioned that decimals are fractions with
we
denominators 10, 100, 1000 etc. In order to convert other fractions into
follow the following steps: decimals, we
STEPI Obtain the fraction and convert it into an
equivalent fraction with denominator
10 or 100 or 1000 if it is not so.
STEPII Write its numerator and mark decimal
point after one
three places from right towards left if the denominator place places
or two or
is 10 or 100 or 1000
respectively. If the numerator is short of digits, insert 2eros at the left of the
numerator.
Decimals 3.3

LLUSTRATION 4 Express the following fractions as decimals:

2 1359
)10 (ii)
1000 (ii) 7
2
(iv) 9 (v) 12
Solution Using the above method, we have

(i) T0.2
10 (ii) 13591.359
1000
(ii) We have,

777705-1.5
(iv) We have,

25x194
25x4
2 -9+0.25 9.25
100
(iv) We have,

125x8=12+ 125 12+0.125 12.125

12-12+=12+ 125x1
1000
3.2.2 ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF DECIMALSs
In order to add or subtract decimals, we may use the following steps:

STEPI Convert the given decimals to like decimals.

STEPII
Write the decimals in
columns
other so that tenths come with their
under tenths, decimalcome
hundredths
points directly below each
under hundredths and
sO on.

STEPIII Add or subtract as we add or subtraet whole numbers.

STEPIV Place the decimal point, in the answer, directly below the other decimal points.
ILLUSTRATION 1 Add: 15.44, 7.524 and 25
Solution Converting the given decimals to like decimals, we have 15.440, 7.524 and
25.000.
Now,
15.440
+ 7.524
+25.000
47.964
ILLUSTRATION 2 Aakash bought vegetables weighing 10 kg. Out of this 3 kg 500 g is onion,
2 kg 75 g is tomato and the rest is potato. What is the weight of potato?
Solution We have,
Weight of onion = 3 kg 500 g = 3.500 kg
Weight oftomato = 2 kg 75 g= 2.075 kg
Total weight of onion and tomato is
3.500 kg
+2.075 kg
5.575 kg
 3.4 Mathematics for Class VI
Total weight of vegetables = 10 kg 10.000
Weight of potato is = 10 kg- 5.575 kg = 4.425 kg - 5.575

ILLUSTRATION3 Simplify: 36.54-15.79 +85.2-57.615 4.425

Solution We have,
36.65-15.79 + 85.2-57.615

[Converting the given decimals

36.650-15.790 +85.200-57.615 into like decimals
= (36.650 +85.200)-(15.790 +57.615)
= 121.850- 73.405

48.445 15.790 121.850

36.650
+85.200 +57.615 - 73.405

121.850 73.405 48.445

EXERCISE 3.1
1. Write each of the following as decimals:
8
() 100 i) 20+ 4 (ii) 2 3 + Z _ 6
10 100 10 1000
2. Convert each of the following into fractions in the lowest form:
(i) 0.04 (ii) 2.34 (i) 0.342 (iv) 17.38
3. Express the following fractions as decimals:

) 23
1
10 (i) 25 (ii) 35 (iv) 25
4. Add the following:
i) 41.8, 39.24, 5.01 and 62.6 (i) 18.03, 146.3, 0.829 and 5.324
5. Find the value of:
i) 9.756-6.28 () 48.1-0.37 (i) 108.032-86.8 (iv) 100-26.32
6. Take out 3.547 from 7.2
7. What is to be added to 36.85 to get 59.41?
8. What is to be subtracted from 17.1 to get 2.051?
9. Byhow much should 34.79 be increased to get 70.15?
10. By how much should 59.71 be decreased to get 34.58?

ANSWERS
1. () 0.08 (i) 20.94 (il) 23.206
i 17 171 869
2. ) 25 50 500 (iv) 50
3. ) 2.3 (i) 25.1255 (i) 39.2 iv) 15.04
() 148.65 (i) 170.483
4.
5. i) 3.476 i) 47.73 (ii) 21.232 (iv) 73.68
6 3.653 7. 22.56 8. 15.049 9. 35.36 10. 25.133
Decimals
3.5
33 MULTIPLICATION OF DECIMALS
In our day-to-day lite, we come across
many situations where we need to know the
plication of decimals. For mul
example, if Shikha purchased 2.75 kg potatos at the rate
7.50 per kg, then how much money she has to pay? Clearly, money to be paid would or
be
7.50 x 2.75. Here, she has to know the multiplication of decimals to know the amount to
be paid. In fact, there are many situations where the
we use
multiplication of decimals.
3.3.1 MULTIPLICATION OF A DECIMAL BY 10, 100, 1000 etc.
We follow the following rules to multiply a decimal
by 10, 100, 1000 etc.
Rulel On multiplying a decimal by 10, the decimal point is shifted to the right by one
place.
RuleII On multiplying a decimal by
100, the decimal point is shifted to the right by two
places.
Rule III On multiplying a decimal by
1000, the decimal point is shifted to the right by
three places, and so on.
ILLUSTRATION Find the following products:
i) 27.05 x 10 (ii) 429.7x 100 ii) 31.09 x 1000
Solution We have,
) 27.05x10 =270.5 Shifting the decimal point by one place to the right]
(ii) 429.7 x100 429.70 x 100
: 429.7=429.70]
42970 Shifting the decimal point by two places to the right]
(iii) 31.09 x 1000 31.090x1000 31.09 31.090]
=
31090 [Shifting the decimal point by three places to the right]
3.3.2 MULTIPLICATION OF A DECIMAL BY A WHOLE NUMBER
In order to multiply adecimal by a whole number, we follow the
following steps:
STEPI Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by the given whole number.
STEPII Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as are
there in the given decimal.
ILLUSTRATION Find each of the following products:
(i) 3.25 x 12 (i) 0.524x 15 (ii) 0.0275 x 17

Solution i) We have, 325

x12
325x 12=3900 650
+3250
3.25x 12 = 39.00
3900
(ii) We have,
524
524 x 15= 7860 x 15

2620
0.524x 15 7.860 +5240
7860
 Mathematics for Class V
3.6

(ii) We have, 275

x17
275x17 4675
1925
0.0275x17 =0.4675
+2750
4675
DECIMAL BY ANOTHER DECIMAL
3.3.3 MULTIPLICATION OF A
In order to multiply a decimal by another decimal, we follow the following steps.
STEPI Multiply the two decimals without decimal point just like whole numbers.
STEPII lnsert the decimal point in the produet by counting as many places from the righ
to left as the sum of the number of decimal places of the given decimals.
ILLUSTRATION 1 Find the product of 9.2 and 6.07.
Solution We have,
92
x607
644
000
+552000
55844
92x607 55844
Since the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals is 1+2 3.
So, the product must contain 3 places of decimals.
Hence, 9.2x6.07 55.844
ILLUSTRATION 2 Multiply 0.0345 by 0.0237
Solution We have,

345
x237
2415
10350
+69000
81765

345x237= 81765
We observe that the sum
of the decimals in the given decimals is 4 + 4 =8
So, the product must contain 8 places of decimals.
Hence, 0.0345 x0.0237 =0.00081765

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
Example 1 Find the value of:
(i) 3.45x 10 (i) 0.25 x 10000 (i) 1000x 5.29
(iv) 10000 x 0.01
Decimals 3.7
Solution (i) We have,

3.45x10=34.5 Shifting the decimal point by one place to the right||

(ii) We have,
0.25x10000
= 0.2500x 10000 0.25 0.2500
2500 [By shifting the decimal point by four places to the right)

(ii) We have,
5.29 = 5.290

1000x5.29 =1000x5.290
1000x 5.29 5290 By Shifting the decimal point by
three places to the right]
(iv) We have,

0.01 0.0100

10000 x0.01 10000x0.0100

=100 By shifting the decimal point by four places to the right]

Example 2 Multiply 7.43 by 14.1

Solution In order to find 7.43 x 14.1, we first multiply 743 by 141.

743
x141
743
29720
+7 4300
104763

743x141 =104763
Sum of decimal places in the given decimals = 2+ 1 3. So, we mark the
decimal point by counting 3 places from right to left.
Hence, 7.43 x 14.1 = 104.763

Example 3 Find the product 0.008 x 0.74

Solution In order to find the product, we first
multiply 8 by 74.
We have, 8x74 592
Now, 0.008 has 3 decimal places and 0.74 has two decimal places.
The sumof the decimal places 3 +2 5
= =

So, the product must contain 5 places of decimals.

Hence, 0.008 x 0.74 =0.00592
38 Mathematics for Class V
Example 4 Find the area of a rectangle whose length is 5.7 cm and breadth is 3.5 cm.

Solunon We have.

Length of the rectangle = 5.7 cm, Breadth of the rectangle 3.5 cem
=

57
Area of the rectangle = Lengthx Breadth x35
285
=5.7x3.5 em
+1710
1995
19.95 cm
Hence, area of the rectangle is 19.95 cm.
Example5 A two wheeler covers a distance of 55.4 km in one litre of petrol. How much
distance will it cover in 7.5 litres of petrol?
554
Solution We have
x75
Distance covered in one litre of petrol = 56.4 km 2770
Distance covered in 7.5 litres of petrol +38780
41550
= 55.4 x 7.5) km= 415.50 km

Example 6 If1 kg of pure milk contains 0.245 kg offat. How much fat is there is 14.4 kg of
milk?

Solution We have 245

Quantity of fat in 1 kg of milk = 0.245 kg x144
980
Quantity of fat in 14.4 kg of milk 9800
+24500
=(0.245x14.4) kg = 3.528 kg
35280

EXERCISE 3.2

1. Find the product:

(i) 4.74x 10 (i) 0.45 x 10 (ii) 0.0215x 10 (iv) 0.0054 x 10

2. Find the product:

) 35.853 x 100 (i) 42.5 x 100 (ii) 12.075x 100 (iv) 100 x 0.005

3. Find the product:

i) 2.506 x 1000 (i) 20.708x 1000 (ii) 0.0529x 1000 (iv) 1000x 0.1

4. Find the product:

) 3.4 x 17 (i) 0.745 x 12 (ii) 28.73 x47 (iv) 0.0415 x 59

5. Find
(i) 1.07 x0.02 Gi) 211.9x 1.13 (ii) 10.05x 1.05 (iv) 13.01 x 5.01
Decimals 3.9

6. Find the area of a rectangle whose length is 5.5 m

and breadth is 3.4 m.
7. If the cost of a book is 7 25.75, find the cost of
24 such books.
8. A car covers a distance of 14.75 km in one litre of petrol. How much distance will it cover in
15.5 litres of petrol?

9. One kg of rice costs ? 42.65. What will be the cost of 18.25 of rice?
kg
10. One metre of cloth costs 7 152.50. What is the cost of 10.75
metres of cloth?

ANSWERs
1. ) 47.4 (i) 4.5 (ii) 0.215 (iv) 0.054
2. (i) 3585.3 (i) 4250 ii) 1207.50 (v) 0.5
3. ) 2506 (i) 20708 Gii) 52.9 (iv) 100
4. () 57.8 (i) 8.94 (i) 1350.31 (iv) 2.4485
5. ) 0.0214 (i) 239.447 (ii) 10.5525 (iv) 65.1801
6. 18.7m2 7. 7618 8. 228.625 km
9. 778.3625 10. 1639.375

3.4 DIVISION OF DECIMALS

In our day-to-day, life we come across
many situations where we need to know the
division of decimals. Suppose we are given the area of a
rectangle as 58.75 cm and width

5.45 and 58.75

as cm we are
required to find the length. Clearly, length Here, we need
5.45
division of decimals. Similarly, there are many other situations in
where we need division of decimals.
our day-to-day life

3.4.1 DIVIDING A DECIMAL BY 10, 100, 1000 etc.

In order to divide a decimal by 10, 1000 100, etc., we follow the following rules:
RuleI When a decimal is divided by 10, the decimal point is shifted the
to left by one
place.
Rule I When a decimal is divided by 100, the decimal point is shifted
to the left by two
places.
Rule III When a decimal is divided by 1000, the decimal point is shifted to the left by three
places.
ILLUSTRATION Divide:
() 12.75 by 10 ii) 127.5 by 100 (ii) 1275.7 by 1000
(iv) 0.58 by 10 (v) 3.52 by 100 (vi) 6.25 by 1000
Solution We have,

12.75+10=2.75
i) =1.275 [Shifting decimal point to the left
10 by 1 place]

(ii) 127.5+100 =1.275

100 (Shifting decimal point to the left by 2 places]
 3.10
Mathematics for Class VI
(ii) 1275.7+1000 = 1275.7 1.2757 (Shifting decimal point to the left by 3 places]
1000
(iv) 0.58+10 = 0. = 0.058
0 Shifting decimal point to the left by 1
place]
3.52
(v) 3.52+100 = =0.0352 Shifting decimal point to the left by 2
100 places]
(vi) 6.25+1000 =0.00625 (Shifting decimal point to the left by 3 places]
1000

3.4.2 DIVIDING A DECIMAL BY A WHOLE NUMBER

In order to divide decimal by a whole number, we follow the
a
following steps:
STEPI Check the whole number part of the dividend.
STEPII If the whole number part of the dividend is less than the divisor, then place a 0 in
the ones place in the quotient. Otherwise, go to step I I
STEPII Divide the whole number part of the dividend.
STEPIVV Place the decimal point to the right of ones place in the quotient obtained in step I.
STEPY Divide the decimal part of the dividend by the divisor. If the digits ofthe dividend
are exhausted, then place zeros to the right of dividend and remainder each time
and continue the process.
Following examples will illustrate the procedure.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
Example 1 Divide 93.45 by 15
Solution We have,
1593.45 (6.23
- 90

34
-30
45
- 45

93.45+15 = 6.23

Example2 Divide 8.28 by 12

Solution We have,
12)8.28 (0.69

82
-72
108
108

8.28+12 = 0.69
Decimals
3.11
Example3 Divide 0.6204 by 5
Solution We have,

5 0.62040 (0.12408
0
6

-5
12
- 10

20
20
40
40

Thus, 0.6204 5=0.12408

Example 4 Divide 28.82 by 20
Solution We have,

28.82 28.82 28.82, 1 14.41 = 1.441

20 2x10 2 10 10
Hence, 28.82 20 1.441
Example 5 Divide 48.08 by 400.
Solution We have,

48.08 48.08 1. 12.02

400 4 100 0.1202
100

Thus, 48.08400 0.1202

Example 6 Divide 163.44 by 24
Solution We have,

24 163.44 (6.81
-144

194
-192

24
-24

Hence, 163.44 +24 =6.81

3.4.3 DIVIDING A DECIMAL BY A DECIMAL

In order to
divide a decimal by another decimal, we follow the following steps:
 3.12
Mathematics for
STEPI
Class VIl
Multiple the dividend and divisor by 10 or 100 or 1000 etc to convert the
into a whole number divisor
STEPII Divide the new dividend by the whole number oblained in step 1.
Following examples will illustrate the above procedure
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
Example1 Divide 3.28 by 0.4 432.8(8.2
Solution We have. -32
3.28 3.28 10 32.8 8
0.4 0.4 10 44 -8
3.28 0.4 8.2
Example 2 Divide 42.8 by 0.02
Solution We have.
42.8 42.8x100 4280
= 2140
0.02 0.02 100 2
Hence. 42.8 0.02 =2140
Example 3 Divide 0.00942 by 0.312 314) 9.42 (0.03
Solution We have

0.00942 0.00942x1000 9.42 942

0.314 0.314x1000 942
314
Hence, 0.00942 0.314 0.003
0

Example 4 Divide 0.0216 by 0.6

Solution We have,
0.0216 0.0216x10 0.216
0.6 0.6x 10 6

6) 0.216 (0.036
21
18
36
36

Hence, 0.0216 0.6 0.036

Example5 Divide 0.0024 by 0.04

Solution We have,
0.0024 0.0024x100 0.24
0.04 0.04x 100 4
 Decimals 3.13

4) 0.24 (0.06

24
-24
0

Hence, 0.0024 +0.04 0.06

Example 6 Divide 6.9168 by 52.4
Solution We have,

6.9168 6.9168x10 69.168

52.4 52.4x 10 524

524) 69.168 (0.132

- 0

691
-524
1676
- 1572

1048
-1048

Hence, 6.9168 +52.4 = 0.132

Example 7 Divide 1391 by 1.3
Solution We have,
1391 1391x10 13910
1.3 1.3x10 13

13 13910(1070
-13
91
-91

1391+1.3 1070
3.14
-
Mathematics for Class V
VII
Example8 Divide 42 by 16
Solution We have,
2.625
16 42.000 Annexing three zeros
-32

100
96
40
32
80
-80

Hence,
42 16 2.625
Example 9 Divide )3 by 8 (ii) 3 by 80
Solution i) We have,
0.375
three zeros annexed
8 3.000

30
24
60
-56
40
-40
0
Hence, 3 8 = 0.375
(ii) We have,
0.0375
80 3.0000 Four zeros annexed

30
- 00

300
-240
600
560
400
- 400

Hence, 3+80 = 0.0375

Decimals

10
Example 10 The cost of 24 pens is ? 3.15
We have,
2986.80. Find the cost of
Solution one pen.
Cost of 24 pens =
R2986.80
Cost of 1 pen
={|2986.80
24 124.45
124.45

24 2986.80 (124.45
-24
58
- 4

106
96
108
96
120
120
0

Hence, the cost of one pen is 124.45

Example 11 A car covers a distance of 89.1 km in 2.2 hours. What is the
covered by the car in 1 hour? average distance

Solution We have,

Distance covered by the car in 2.2 hours =

89.1 km
22 891.0 (40.5
Distance covered by the car in 1 hour
88

89.1 11
km 00
2.2
110

89.1x 10 110
891
km= 40.5 km
2.2x10 22 0

Hence, the car covers 40.5 km in 1 hour.

EXample 12 Mrs Jain bought 14.5 litres of refined oil for R1194.80. Find its cost per itre.
Solution We have,
Cost of 14.5 litres of refined oil = * 1194.80
 3.16
Mathematics for Class
Vi
(1194.80 145 11948.00 (82.40
Cost of 1 litre of refined oil =

14.5 -1160

348
(1194.80x10 290
14.5x10
580
- 580
11948
145
82.40 00
-

00
Hence, the
cost of 1 litre of refined oil is Rs
82.40 0
Example 13 The product of two decimals
is 1.8576. If one of the decimals is
other. 0.54, find tha
e
Solution We have,
Product of the given decimals =
1.8576
One decimal 0.54

I he other decimal 8576

0.54

1.8576x 100 185.76

0.54x100 543.44
Hence, the other decimal 3.44

EXERCISE 3.3
1. Divide:
() 142.45 by 10 (i) 54.25 by 10
(iv) 0.57 by 10 (ii) 3.45 by 10
2. Divide
(v) 0.043 by 10 (vi) 0.004 by 10
(i) 459.5 by 100 (i) 74.3 by 100
(iv) 0.7 by 100 (ii) 5.8 by 100
3. Divide
(v) 0.48 by 100 (vi) 0.03 by 100
() 235.41 by 1000 (61) 29.5 by 1000
(iv) 0.7 by 1000 (ii) 3.8 by 1000
4. Divide
(i) 0.45 by 9
(ii) 217.44 by 18 (ii) 319.2 by 2.28
(iv) 40.32 by 9.6
(v) 0.765 by 0.9
5. Divide (vi) 0.768 by 1.6
) 16.64 by 20 (i) O.192 by 12
(iv) 403.2 by 96
(ii) 163.44 by 24
(V) 16.344 by 12 (vi) 31.92 by 228
6. Divide
) 15.68 by 20 (i) 164.6 by 200
(ii) 403.80 by 30
Decimals 3.17
7. Divide:

(i) 76 by 0.019 i) 88 by 0.08

(ii) 148 by 0.074
0.014
(iv) 7 by
8. Divide:

() 20 by 50 (ii) 8 by 100 ii) 72 by 576

(iv) 144 by 15
9. Avehicle covers a distance of 43.2 km in 2.4 litres of petrol. How much distance will ittravel in
1 litre of petrol?
10. The total weight of some bags of wheat is 1743 kg. If each bag weights 49.8 kg, how many
bags are there?
11. Shikhacuts 50 m of cloth into pieces of 1.25 m each. How many pieces does she get?
of the polygon Is
12. Each side of a
rectangular polygon is
12.5 cm. How many sides does the polygon have?
2.5 cm in length. The perimeter

13. The product of two decimals is 42.987. If one ofthem is 12.46, find the other.
14. The weight of 34 bags of sugar is 3483.3 kg. If all bags weigh equally, find the weight of each
bag.
15. How many buckets of equal capacity can be filled from 586.5 litres of water,if each bucket
has capacity of 8.5 litres?

ANSWERS
1. ) 14.245 (ii) 5.425 i ) 0.345 (iv) 0.057
(v) 0.0043 (vi) O.0004
2. ) 4.595 i) 0.743 (ii) O.058 (iv) 0.007
(V) 0.0048 (vi) 0.0003
) 0.23541 (i) 0.0295 (ii) O.0038 (iv) 0.0007
3
4. ) 0.05 (i) 12.08 (ii) 140 iv) 4.2
(v) 0.85 (vi) 0.48
5. 0.832 (i) 0.016 (ii) 6.81 (iv) 4.2
(v) 1.362 (vi) 0.14
6. ) 0.784 (Gi) 0.823 (ii) 13.46
7. ) 4000 (in) 1100 (ii) 2000 (iv) 500

8. ) 0.4 (i) 0.08 (ii) 0.125 (iv) 9.6

9 18 kmm 10. 35 11. 40 12. 5
13. 3.45 14. 102.45 kg 15. 69

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Mark the correct alternative in each of the following:
1. When 0.48 is written in the simplest form of its terms, the sum of its numerator and
denominator is
(a) 148 (b) 74 (c) 37 (d) 147

2. The improper fraction 2 i n decimal form is

(a) 2.4 (b) 2.04 (c) 2.004 (d) None of these

3.
4+4.4+ 44.4+ 4.04+ 444 =

(a) 500.84 (b) 577.2 (c) 495.22 (d) 472.88

 3.18 Mathematics for Clas:

4. 1.04 as an mixed fraction is

(a) (b) () 125 (d) 25

25

5. f
B
C
24.125 24+10 100 1000 then A + B +C =

(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 13 (d) 8

6. 0.002x0.5 =
(a) 0.0001 (b) 0.001 (c) 0.01 (d) 1
7. 3x0.3x0.03x0.00330=
(a) 0.0000243 (b) 0.000243 (c) 0.00243 (d) 0.0243
8. 0.012x0.15 =
(a) 0.8 (b) 0.08 (c) 0.008 (d) 0.0018
9. 75.57 0.01
(a) 7557 (b) 0.7557 (c) 755.7 (d) 7.557
10. What should be subtracted from 0.1 to
get 0.06?
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.04 (c) 0.004 (d) None of these
11. What should be added to 5.09 to
get 5.5?
(a) 0.41 (b) 0.59 (c) 0.49 (d) 0.95
12. 0.3x 0.3x0.3
(a) 2.7 (b) 0.27 (c) 0.027 (d) None of these
13. 0.25x0.8
(a) 0.02 (b) 0.2
14.
(c) 0.002 (d) 2
5 kg5g written in decimal notation is
(a) 5.5 (b) 5.05 (c) 5.005 (d) 5.0005
15.
0.012 1.5 ?
(a) 0.8 (b) 0.08 (c) 0.008 (d) None of these
16. 0.02x 0.05 =
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.01 (c) 0.001 (d) 0.0001
17. 5 km 5m = ?
(a) 5.5 km (b) 5.05 km (c) 5.005 km (d) 5.0005 km
18. The value of
2.2x0.2x0.001 is
(a) 4.2 (b) 0.00044 (c) 4.4 (d) None of these
19. If 14x4 56, then
o.014x 4 =

(a) 0.56 (b) 5.6

20. 8 mlis equal to (c) 0.056 (d) None of these
(a) 0.81 (b) 0.08 (c) 0.0081 (d) None of these
ANSWERSS
1. (c) 2. (6) 3. (a)
8. (d) 9 (a) 10. (b)
4 (c) 5. (d) 6. () 7.(
11. (a) 12. (c)
15. (c) 16. (c) 17. (c) 13. (b) 14. (c)
18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (c)
Decimals 3.19

THINGS TO REMEMBERS
1 Decimals are an extension of our number system.
2 Decimals are fractions whose denominators are 10, 100, 1000 etc.
3 A decimal has two parts, namely, the whole number part and decimal part.
4. The number of digit's contained in the decimal part of a decimal number is known as the number of
decimal places.

5. unlike
Decimals having the same number ofplaces are called like decimals, otherwise they are known as
decimals.

6. We have, 0.1=0.10=0.100 etc, O.5 = 0.50 = 0.500 etc andso on. Thatis by annexingzeros on the
right side of the extreme right digit of the decimal part of a number does not alter the value of the
number.
7. Unlike decimals may be converted into like decimals by annexing the requisite number of zeros on
the right side of the extreme right digit in the decimal part.
8 Decimal numbers may be compared by using the following steps.

Step Obtain the decimal numbers

Step Compare the whole parts of the numbers. The number with greater whole part will be
greater. If the whole parts are equal, go to next step.
Step ll Compare the extreme left digits of the decimal parts of two numbers. The number with
greater extreme left digit will be greater. If the extreme left digits of decimal parts are
equal, then compare the next digits and so on.
9. A decimal can be converted into a fraction by using the following steps:

Step Obtain the decimal.

Step il Take the numerator as the number obtained by removing the decimal point from the given
decimal.
Step l Take the denominator as the number obtained by inserting as many zeros with 1 (e.g. 10
100 or 1000 etc.) as there are number ofplaces in the decimalpart.
10. Fractions can be converted into decimais by using the following steps:

Step Obtain the fraction and convert it into an equivalent fraction with denominator 10 or 100 or
1000 if it is not so.
Step II Write its numerator and mark decimal point after one place or two places or three places
from right towards left if the denominator is 10 or 100 or 1000 respectively. If the numerator
is short of digits, insert zeros at the left of the numerator.
11. Decimais can be added
orsubtracted by using the following steps:
Step Convert the given decimals to like decimals.
Step li Write the decimals in columns with their decimal points directly below each other so that
tenths come under tenths, hundredths come and hundredths and so on.
Step ll Add or subtract as we add or subtract whole numbers.
Step V Place the decimal point, in the answer, directhy below the other decimal points.
12. In order to multiply a decimal by 10, 100, 1000 etc., we use the following rules:
Rule nmultiplying a decimal by 10, the decimal point is shifted to the right by or
Rule II On multiplying a decimal by 100, the decimal point is shifted to the right by two places.
Rule Ill On multiplying a decimal by 1000, the decimal point is shifted to the right by three
and so on.
3.20
Mathematics for Class VI

13. A decimal can be multiplied by a whole number by using following steps

Step Multipty the decimal without the decimal point by the given whole number.
Step II Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as are there in the
given decimal.
14. Tomutiply a decimal by anotherdecimal, we follow following steps:

Step Multiply the two decimals without decimal point just like whole numbers.
Step II Insert the decimal point in the product by counting as many places from the right to left as the
Sum of the number of decimalplaces of the given decimals.
15. A decimal can be divided by 10, 100, 1000 ectby using the following rules:
Rule When a decimalis divided by 10, the decimalpoint is shifted to the left by one place.
RuleI When a decimal is divided by 100, the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places.
RuleIlIl When a decimalis divided by 1000, the decimal point is shifted to the leftby threeplaces.
16. A decimal can be divided by a whole numberby using the following steps:
Step Check the whole numberpart of the dividend.
Step I f the whole number part of the dividend is less than the divisor, then place a 0 in the ones
place in the quotient. Otherwise, go to step ill.
Step ll Divide the whole number part of the dividend.
Step IV Place the decimal point to the rightofones place in the quotient obtained in step .
Step V Divide the decimal part of the dividend by the divisor. f the digits of the dividend are
exhausted, then place zeros to the right of dividend and remainder each time and continue
the process.
17. A decimal can be divided by a decimal by using the following steps:
Step Multiple the dividend and divisor by 10 or 100 or 1000 etc. to convert the divisor into a
whole number