Graphing Lines Information Packet: Table of Contents: Graphing Ordered Pairs p.1 Slope p. 2-4 Horizontal/Vertical Lines .5 Graphing Linear Equations p. 6-8 Make a Table p.6 Intercepts p.7 Slope Intercept Form p. 8 Writing Equations of Lines p. 9-11 Word Problems Writing Equations _p. 12-13Graphing Ordered Pairs Return To An ordered pair of numbers indicates where a point is on a coordinate plane. Start ‘When graphing a point, the signs of the numbers indicate which directions to move along the x- and y-axes, starting from the origin. Move right if positive. Move up if positive. Move left if negative. C7) Move down if negative. Tell how to graph each point. (3, 5) Move 3 right on the x-axis and 5 down on the y-axis. y-coordinate (-4,2) Move 4 left on the x-axis and 2 up on the y-axis. ~ (2, 8) Graph A(-3, 4). Graph B(2, 0). ii Start at the origin (0, 0). Start at the origin (0,0). coordinate Move 3 spaces to the left. Move 2 spaces to the right. Move 4 spaces up. | 4 Move 0 spaces up or down. + Plot the point. Plot the point. © Lattice Point: integer coordinate (where the gridlines intersect) Quadrants of The Coordinate Plane Quadrant 2 Quadrant 1 all x values are all x values are negative postive ally values are all y values are postive postive Quadrant 3. Quadrant 4 all x values are all x values are negative positive call y values are all y values cre negative negative Graphing Ordered Pairs 1Slope Slope: the constant rate of change of the rise (vertical change) to the run (horizontal change). *Variable is m. 4 * Put a whole number over 1 to make it into a fraction. 4~ a 4 Types of Slope: Positive Slope: Rises from left to right | Negative Slope: Falls from left to right Positive Slope © Examples © Examples: aoe ‘ : -Sor- | 2 AH Zora Going down a } © Goingupahitl | [= i hill RD | i 4 4 3 Ht ra [ Y-values are the same Undefined Slope: Vertical Line © Goingina © Falling off cliff straight line (No (No Horizontal Vertical Change) Change) Undefii X-values are the same ied Slope Seance) The rise is the difference in the y-values of two points on a line. The run is the difference in the x-values of two points on a line. The slope’ of a line is the ratio of rise to run for any two points on the line nw hange in y Jope = Hise _ change Iny slope = run = change inx (Remember that y is the dependent variable and x is the independent variable.) Slope 2Finding Slope: By Graphing Finding Slope Given a Graph: * Choose any two points on the line. fa Step 1: Begin at one of the points and count vertically until you are even with the 2" point. "This is the rise. - If you go down the rise will be negative. - If you go up the rise will be positive. ‘Step 2: Count over until you are at the second point. *This is the run. - If you go left the run will be negative. - If you go right the run will be positive. Step 3: Divide or simplify the fraction to find slope. rise Sig) slope = sun = ~3 = Run is 2. n 2 Points: Find the slope of the line that contains (0, -3) and (5, -5). Step 1: Begin at one point. Count vertically until you are even with the 2 point. “This is the rise. Ri - If you go down the rise will be negative. - If you go up the rise will be positive. ‘Step 2: Count horizontally to the 2” point to find the run. “This is the run. - If you go left the run will be negative. - If you go right the run will be positive. ‘Step 3: Divide or simplify the fraction to find slope. -3 g 3 1 == or Slope =— =~ > Slope =-~ =~ or Slope = 5 =-5 (it does not matter which point you start with. The slope is the same.) Horizontal and Vertical Lines Horizontal Line Vertical Line: it $ i ST 7G, 4) rise 0 T = i rise_6 You cannot run 12 I x run 0 divide byo The slope is 0. i 4 The slope is undefined. “Wea Slope by GraphingFinding Slope: Formula Return To Start ig Slope Given a Graph: Step 1: Label Coordinates: fo, 2) Let (0, 2) be (x1, y1) and (—2, 2) be (xz, y2). x Step 2: Substitute: - 2-2. 4 (-2, ma". > Step 3: Simplify Given 2 poin' Find the slope of the line that contains (2,5) and (8, 1). Step 1: Label Coordinates: \ \ [x | va X2 || v2 Step 2: Substitute: Step 3: Simplify m= From A Table: Step 1: Pick 2 points from the table and Label Coordinates: (0, 1) and x1 | yr Step 2: Substitute: _ ee _ Step 3: Simplify Xx. — Xs Horizontal and Vertical Lines izontal Line: Vertical Line: - Find the lope ofthe honzentl ine patsing through (2.3) and 1.9) | Findihe dope ofthe vertical ine passing through (32) and @.-). =e t on) ma 22 x, XX 3-3 - -l-2 3 m= —— ==> =er - 6) 3-3 0 m= mis undefined Slope Formula 4)Horizontal and Vertical Lines Horizontal Lines Return To Start Example: Horizontal Equation: y=4 O-zero © Ally- y = values are the same Equation: y = y-coordinate e Parallel to the x-axis. © Slope is Zero « Hasa y-intercept Vertical Lines Example: Versi ca\ Equation: x =-2 : jb A ned Table: x ¥ Js en L 2 -3 © Allx- — 21 values are Looe | . ~ the same ¢ Equation is x = x-coordinate Graph: © Parallel to y-axi ¢ No © Slope is undefined y-intercept Horizontal and Vertical Lines 5Graphing a Linear Equation Return To Start Make A TABLE Example 1: Ye mot 5 Steps Example Step 1: Make a t-chart 2x-2y= 6 Step 2: Pick in 3-5 values for x. : _ 7 x y *Use (-2, 0, 2) to start unless itis a real life problem. Step 3: Substitute each value for x and solve for y. Step 4: Record ordered pairs in table. Step 5: Graph the points and draw the line. Example 2: Steps Example : 7 4 Step 1: Make a t-chart ace x Y Step 2: Pick in 3-5 values for x. “Use (-2, 0, 2) to start unless y=2(3)+2 itis a real life problem. 3 0 2 * Ifslope is a fraction use the | Y="? 3 6 + &—denominator and 0 : Step 3: Substitute each value for x and Vers (0)+2 Hehe eran hea feats solve for y. y=2 + Step 4: Record ordered pairs in table. | | y | Step 5: Graph the points and draw the o4¢g) 42 | et line. y 3 inal] [ Graphing Lines by Making a TableWriting Equations of Lines To write an equation of a line you need the slope and y-intercept. Slope Intercept Form: y = m 4 +b y-coordinate Slope: x-coordinate y-intercept: rate of change (rise/run) point where line crosses the y-axis oe Represent an ordered pair on the line. Skeleton Equation: y= x+ (Fill in the slope and y-intercept) Graph: What to do: (Steps) Example Bb . Find the y-intercept (b) 2. Count the rise over run, or slope (m) 3. Plug them into slope-intercept form: y=mx +b Slope and y-intercept: What to do: (Steps) Example 1. Plug the slope (m) into slope- | Slope is -3, Point is (0, -2) intercept form 2. Plug the y-coordinate (b) of y=mx+b the y-intercept into slope- 1 J intercept form: y=mx+ b y=-3x -2 ‘Writing Equations of LinesSlope of Zero and Point on Line: Horizontal Lines fetum To Start What to do: (Steps) Example *All points on a horizontal line have Slope is 0, Point is (-2, 4) the same y-coordinate * Equation: y = y-coordinate ye4 Slope of Undefined and Point on Line: Vertical Lines What to do: (Steps) Example *All points on a vertical line have the Slope is Undefined, Point is (-3, 2) same x-coordinate * Equation: x = x-coordinate x=-3 Slope and point on a line ‘What to do: (Steps) Example 1. Plug the slope (m) into the Write the equation of line with slope of 1, equation y=mx+ b passing through point (-2, 3) 2. Use the given pt (x, y) to het een substitute the x- & y- 1 | a into the equation 324" €b 3. Solve equation for b a Be uu 4. Write equation S=b- Equation: y= 1x+5 Two points ona line What to do: (Steps) Example 1. Use the 2 points to calculate Write an equation through (-4, 4) and (2,-5) the slope of ; Y= line m= 2h 2. Choose 1 of the given points & the calculated slope to substitute into y=mx+b 3. Solve for b 4. Write equation Equation: y= ‘Writing Equations of Lines 10Wri g Equations of Lines from a Word Problem: Things to do before solving: 1. Identify the variables in this situation: independent variable: dependent variable: A 2. What is the given information in this problem (find all that apply)? slope___y-intercept one point( , +) asecondpoint:( =) 3._ Find the example that matches the given information. Given Information: Slope & y-intercept When a word problem involves a constant rate or speed and a beginning amount, it can be written in slope-intercept form: y= mx +b. To do this, recognize which number will represent m, the rate, and which number will represent b, the y-intercept. What to do: (Steps) Example Ex: Suppose you receive $100 for a graduation present, and you deposit it in a savings account. Then each week thereafter, you add $5 to the account but no interest is earned. 1. Identify the variables. 1) independent variable: x= # of weeks 2. Identify the given information: dependent variable: y= Total amount slope v-intercept —_ 2) m =5 (happening each week) 3. Plug the slope (m) into slope- b = 100 (initial deposit) intercept form y=mx+b 4. Plug the y-coordinate (b) of the 1 J y-intercept into slope-intercept | Equation: y= 5x +100 form: y=mx+ b ‘Writing Equations of Lins from Word Problems 12