Grammar reference

Unit 4 Present perfect with We use going to for plans and decisions made
just, already and yet earlier.
We use the present perfect with just to talk about I’m going to do my homework later.
things we’ve done recently, and with already to
going to for plans and decisions made earlier
talk about things we’ve done in the past. We use
the present perfect with yet to talk about things Affirmative
we haven’t done, but intend to do. I ’m going to
ring the doctor
He / She ’s going to
I’ve just done my homework. I’ve done it recently. this afternoon.
You / We / You / They ’re going to
I’ve already done my homework. I’ve done it in
the past. Negative
I haven’t done my homework yet. I haven’t done I ’m not going to
ring the doctor
it, but I plan to. He / She isn’t going to
this afternoon.
You / We / You / They aren’t going to
Present perfect with just, already and yet
Questions
Affirmative
Is he / she ring the doctor
I / You / We / You / They ’ve just / gone going to
Are you / we / you / they this afternoon?
He / She ’s already home.
Short answers
Negative
Affirmative Negative
I / You / We / You / They haven’t gone
yet. Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
He / She hasn’t home
Yes, he / she is. No, he / she isn’t.
Yes, you / we / you / they are. No, you / we / you / they aren’t.
Unit 5 will and going to
We use will for instant decisions. Unit 5 less and fewer
I’ll do my homework now. We use less (with uncountable nouns) and fewer
will for instant decisions
(with countable nouns) to talk about a smaller
amount.
Affirmative
I / You / He / She /
We should eat less cake and fewer sweets.
will ring the doctor.
We / You / They We use less / more … than … in comparisons.
Negative We should eat more fruit than sweets.
I / You / He / She /
won’t ring the doctor. less and fewer
We / You / They
less water.
Questions We should use
fewer plastic bags.
I / you / he / she /
Will ring the doctor?
we / you / they
Comparison
Short answers Playing less playing
electricity than
Affirmative Negative outside uses more inside.
Yes, I / you / he / she / No, I / you / he / she /
we / you / they will. we / you / they won’t.

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 Grammar reference
Unit 6 will and going to going to for predictions about the future
based on what we can see now
We use will for predictions about the future.
Questions
When I grow up, I’ll be a pilot.
Are you / we / you / they
going to be late?
will for predictions about the future Is he / she
Affirmative Short answers
I / You / He / She / will go to the United States Affirmative Negative
We / You / They next year.
Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Negative Yes, he / she is. No, he / she isn’t.
I / You / He / She / won’t go to the United States Yes, you / we / you / No, you / we / you /
We / You / They next year. they are. they aren’t.
Questions
I / you / he / she / go to the United States Unit 6 Indefinite pronouns
Will
we / you / they next year.

Short answers
We use indefinite pronouns when we don’t want
to or can’t be exact about who, where or what
Affirmative Negative
we’re talking about.
Yes, I / you / he / she / No, I / you / he / she /
we / you / they will. we / you / they won’t. Does anyone know where Jilly is?
I’ve looked everywhere for my keys.
We use going to for predicting things in the future There’s something under the bed.
based on what we can see now.
Indefinite pronouns
The bus isn’t here. I’m going to be late. Places Things People
somewhere something someone
going to for predictions about the future Affirmative
based on what we can see now everywhere everything everyone
sentences
Affirmative nowhere nothing no one
I ’m going to Negative
He / She ’s going to be late. sentences and anywhere anything anyone
questions
You / We / You / They ’re going to

Negative
I ’m not going to
He / She ’s not going to be late.
You / We / You / They aren’t going to

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