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Lecture 14 Composite Materials Basic Concepts - 221129 - 114750

The document discusses composite materials, including definitions, constituents, engineering applications, advantages, and components. Composite materials are composed of a mixture of two or more materials that differ in form and composition but are insoluble in each other. They have a matrix that holds reinforcements like fibers, particles, flakes, or layers to provide strength and tailor-made properties.

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Praveesh Kumar
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60 views16 pages

Lecture 14 Composite Materials Basic Concepts - 221129 - 114750

The document discusses composite materials, including definitions, constituents, engineering applications, advantages, and components. Composite materials are composed of a mixture of two or more materials that differ in form and composition but are insoluble in each other. They have a matrix that holds reinforcements like fibers, particles, flakes, or layers to provide strength and tailor-made properties.

Uploaded by

Praveesh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lesson 14

Processing of Polymers and Polymer Composites


Composite Materials: Basic Concepts

Dr. Inderdeep Singh


Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering

1
Composite Materials ???????

• Definitions … ???
• Constituents …Their properties?
• Engineering applications ….?
• Comparison … traditional materials ?
Why composite materials??

• Composites can be very strong and stiff, yet very light in weight,
so ratios of strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight are several
times greater than steel or aluminum.

• Fatigue properties are generally better than for common


engineering metals.
Why Composite Materials??
• Toughness is often greater too.

• Composites can be designed that do not corrode like steel.

• Possible to achieve combinations of properties not attainable


with metals, ceramics, or polymers alone.
Advantages
• Tailor made properties
• Low-weight
• Good mechanical properties
• Integral design and parts integration
• Inherent surface finish
• Corrosion resistance
• Ease of fabrication and installation
Defining Composites
 Composite Materials
“Composite materials form a material system composed of a
mixture or a combination of two or more macro-
constituents that differ in form and chemical composition
and are insoluble in each other.”
(Komanduri, 1997)
Defining Composites
 Composite Materials
“Composite materials are macroscopic combinations of two or
more distinct materials having a discrete and recognizable
interface separating them.”
Reinforcements
(Reinhart in H/B of Composites , 1998)
Matrix

Interface
Components in a Composite Material
• Matrix

– Material that holds the reinforcements in place.

– Provides the bulk form of the part or product made of


the composite material.

– When a load is applied, the matrix shares the load with


the reinforcing element.
Components in a Composite Material
• Reinforcing element

– Material that provides strength ( Reinforcement) to the


matrix
Reinforcements

Matrix

Interface
Reinforcements
Reinforcing element is most commonly used in one of the following
shapes:
– Fibers
– Particles
– Flakes
Classification
A material is classified as composite If…

• Both constituents are present in reasonable proportion (>5%).


• Composite properties are noticeably different from the properties
of the constituents.
• A man-made composite is usually produced by intimately
mixing and combining the constituents.
Components of Synthetic Composites
Different types of reinforcements are:
1. Fibers
Fibers
2. Particulates
3. Whiskers
Matrix
4. Layers
Components of Synthetic Composites
Different types of reinforcements are:
1. Fibers
2. Particulates
Spherical Irregular
3. Whiskers
4. Layers
Faceted
Particulate reinforcement morphology
Components of Synthetic Composites
Different types of reinforcements are:

1. Fibers
2. Particulates
3. Whiskers Aligned Randomly
oriented
4. Layers
Whisker reinforcement morphology
Components of Synthetic Composites
Different types of reinforcements are:

1. Fibers
2. Particulates
Layers
3. Whiskers
Continuous layers in matrix
4. Layers

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