EAPP 1st QTR, LP6 Approaches To Literary Criticism
EAPP 1st QTR, LP6 Approaches To Literary Criticism
EAPP 1st QTR, LP6 Approaches To Literary Criticism
D. Discussing new concepts You should be formal and use technical terms that are familiar to them. However, if your
and practicing new skills #.1. audience is the public, you also need to use the language they know. Do not use those that are
(I Do It) not common to them.
Avoid jargons or technical words and slang or invented words. You can be informal when
necessary. However, you must never forget to be POLITE to avoid having future problems.
Learning appropriate language and manner is not enough in expressing your views. There are
critical approaches that you can use to make it more convincing and appropriate.
Read about the critical approaches. You can highlight some important ideas. You can use
these in expressing your views.
1. Formalist Criticism
- This approach regards literature as “a unique form of human knowledge that needs to be
examined on its own terms.” All the elements necessary for understanding the work are
contained within the work itself. Of particular interest to the formalist critic are the elements of
form—style, structure, tone, imagery, etc.— that are found within the text. A primary goal for
formalist critics is to determine how such elements work together with the text’s content to
shape its effects upon readers.
2. Gender Criticism
- This approach “examines how sexual identity influences the creation and reception of literary
works.” Originally an offshoot of feminist movements, gender criticism today includes a
number of approaches, including the so-called “masculinist” approach recently advocated by
poet Robert Bly. The bulk of gender criticism, however, is feminist and takes as a central
precept that the patriarchal attitudes that have dominated western thought have resulted,
consciously or unconsciously, in literature “full of unexamined ‘male-produced’ assumptions.”
Feminist criticism attempts to correct this imbalance by analyzing and combatting such
attitudes—by questioning, for example, why none of the characters in Shakespeare’s play
Othello ever challenge the right of a husband to murder a wife accused of adultery. Other
goals of feminist critics include “analyzing how sexual identity influences the reader of a text”
and “examining how the images of men and women in imaginative literature reflect or reject
the social forces that have historically kept the sexes from achieving total equality.”
3. Historical Criticism
- This approach “seeks to understand a literary work by investigating the social, cultural, and
intellectual context that produced it—a context that necessarily includes the artist’s biography
and milieu.” A key goal for historical critics is to understand the effect of a literary work upon
its original readers.
4. Reader-Response Criticism
- This approach takes as a fundamental tenet that “literature” exists not as an artifact upon a
printed page but as a transaction between the physical text and the mind of a reader. It attempts
“to describe what happens in the reader’s mind while interpreting a text” and reflects that
reading, like writing, is a creative process.
5. Media Criticism
- It is the act of closely examining and judging the media. When we examine the media and
various media stories, we often find instances of media bias. Media bias is the perception that
the media is reporting the news in a partial or prejudiced manner. Media bias occurs when the
media seems to push a specific viewpoint, rather than reporting the news objectively. Keep in
mind that media bias also occurs when the media seems to ignore an important aspect of the
story. This is the case in the news story about the puppies.
6. Marxist Criticism
- It focuses on the economic and political elements of art, often emphasizing the ideological
content of literature; because Marxist criticism often argues that all art is political, either
challenging or endorsing (by silence) the status quo, it is frequently evaluative and judgmental,
a tendency that “can lead to reductive judgment, as when Soviet critics rated Jack London
better than William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway, Edith Wharton, and Henry James, because
he illustrated the principles of class struggle more clearly.” Nonetheless, Marxist criticism
“can illuminate political and economic dimensions of literature other approaches overlook.”
7. Structuralism
- It focused on how human behavior is determined by social, cultural and psychological
structures. It tended to offer a single unified approach to human life that would embrace all
disciplines. The essence of structuralism is the belief that “things cannot be understood in
isolation, they have to be seen in the context of larger structures which contain them. For
example, the structuralist analysis of Donne’s poem, Good Morrow, demands more focus on
the relevant genre, the concept of courtly love, rather than on the close reading of the formal
elements of the text.
E. Discussing new concepts Directions: Summarize what you have read by completing the table with what you
and practicing new skills understood.
no.2 (We Do It)
F. Developing Mastery Since you have learned that it is important to use appropriate language, you can already
(You Do It) express your ideas appropriately.
Let us try to use appropriate language and manner in raising our contrary views
about the issue on “Teenage Pregnancy.”
Write your stand about the issue and consider the given information. Use terms that are
familiar to students like you. Remember also to apply what you learned in lesson 1. Use your
activity notebook.
G. Finding practical Activities 1-3 gave you an idea about the manner and approaches to use in expressing views.
application of concepts Let us learn more about this skill by reading a text which is an excerpt of the homily of the
and skills in daily living Catholic Archbishop of Manila, Jaime Cardinal Sin, DD. (page 25-27 of EAPP Quarter 1 –
(You Do It) Module 3)
REMARKS