LESSON IV: APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION

A. PLANE AREAS
To solve an area using a vertical strip:

y
where:
dx
xR = x of the curve at the right
yy (x2,y
L 2)
xL = x of the curve at the left
y
(x1,y y T
1) B
x
Example no. 1 Find the area bounded by the parabola x2 = 4y and y =4.
Solution: (Graph the curve)

where:
yT = y of the curve at the top
yB = y of the curve at the bottom
(-4,4) dx (4,4)
y=4
y yL
To solve an area using a horizontal strip:
yP
y (0,0)
x2 = 4
xR

xL
(x2,y2)
x
dy

(x1,y1)

x
 Example no. 2 Find the area bounded by y = x2 + 2, and the lines x = 0, y = 0 and
x = 4.

(4,18)
x=0
(-4,4) (4,4)
y=4
x = xP
dy

(0,0) y = x2 + 2 yP
x2 = 4 (0,2)
y=0
dx
Exercise no. 9 Solve the following problems using Integration and provide B. CENTROID OF PLANE AREAS
itemized solutions.
To locate the centroid of a certain plain area, equate these two items:
1. Find the area of the region bounded by y2 = 8x and y = 2x.
a. the product of the total area (A) and its centroid ( ), and
b. the integration of the product of the differential area (dA) and its centroid
2. What is the area bounded by the curve x2 = -9y and y + 1=0? ( ) from the limits to . y
xc
Then,
3. What is the area bounded by the curve y2 = x and x – 4=0
x y yL (x2,y2)
cg
4. What is the area bounded by the curve y2 = 4x and x2 = 4y dx
(x1,y1)

x
where:
5. Find the area enclosed by the curve x2 + 8y + 16 = 0, the x-axis, the y-axis
xC = distance of centroid of dA from y-axis
and the line x = 4.
6. Find the area of the first quadrant bounded by the parabola y2 = 4x, x = 1
and x =3. To locate the centroid of a certain plain area, equate these two items:
7. What is the area bounded by the parabolas x – 2y = 0 and x + 2y – 8 = 0.
2 2

a. the product of the total area (A) and its centroid ( ), and
b. the integration of the product of the differential area (dA) and its centroid
8. Find the area bounded by the line x – 2y + 10 = 0, the x-axis, the y-axis
( ) from the limits to .
and x = 10. y
Then,
9. Find the area bounded by the curve y = 9 – x2 and the x-axis.
x
10. Find the area bounded by the curve y = 4x – x2 and the line y = 3.

yL
dy (x2,y2)
cg

(x1,y1)
yC
11. Find the area bounded by the curve y2 + 2x – 2y – 3 = 0 and the y-axis. x
where:
yC = distance of centroid of dA from x-axis
Note:
Example no. 3 Locate the centroid of the plane bounded by the equation y2 = 4x, Solve for the :
x = 1 and the x-axis on the first quadrant.

xC
dx (1,2)

yP

(1,-2)

Solve for the :

xL
xP
(1,2)
dy

yC = y

(1,-2)
 xC
dx (1,2)

yP = y
y/2

yc

(1,-2)

Another sol: (solve using vertical strip)

Exercise no. 10 Solve the following problems using Integration and provide
itemized solutions. Please also provide clear graphs in your solutions.
1. Find the coordinates of the centroid of the plane area bounded by y = x2
and y = x.
2. Find the coordinates of the centroid of the plane area bounded by the
parabola y = 4 – x2 and the x-axis.

3. Find the coordinates of the centroid of the area bounded by the curves
.
 C. MOMENT OF INERTIA OF PLANE AREAS Example no. 4 Determine the Moment of Inertia respect to x-axis of the plane
bounded by the equation y2 = 4x, x = 1 and the x-axis on the first quadrant.
To solve for the Moment of Inertia respect to x axis, Ix:
y

x (x2,y2)
dy

(x1,y1)
y

To solve for the Moment of Inertia respect to y axis, Iy:

y yL (x2,y2)

dx
(x1,y1)

Note: Always take a differential strip (dA) parallel to the axis considered.
 xL
xP
(1,2) (1,2)
dy x

yC = y
yP

dx

(1,-2)
(1,-2)

Example no. 5 Find the moment of inertia of the area bounded by the parabola
y2 = 4x, x-axis and the line x =1 in the first quadrant, with respect to y-axis.
Exercise no. 11 Solve the following problems using Integration and provide D. VOLUME OF SOLIDS OF REVOLUTIONS
itemized solutions. Please also provide clear graphs in your solutions.
The solid generated by rotating a plane area about an axis in its plane is called
1. Find the moment of inertia of the area bounded by the curve y = 4 – x , x-
2
a solid of revolution.
axis and the y-axis at first quadrant, with respect to y-axis.
Circular Disk Method
The strip that will revolve is perpendicular to the axis of revolution. In this
units 4
method, the axis of rotation may or may not be part of the boundary of the plane
area that is being revolved.

2. Find the moment of inertia bounded by the curve x2 = 4y and y = x, with Using Horizontal Strip
respect to y-axis.

units4

3. Find the moment of inertia bounded by the curve x2 = 2y and y = 2x, with
respect to x-axis.

units4

The disk as shown in the figure has an outer radius of xR, a hole of radius xL, and
thickness dy. The differential volume is therefore π xR2 dy - π xL2 dy and the total
volume is:
The integration involved is in variable y since the derivative is dy, xR and Example no. 6 Find the volume of the solid generated when the area bounded by
xL therefore must be expressed in terms of y. If the axis of revolution is part of the the curve y2 = x, the x-axis and the line x = 2 is revolved about the x-axis.
boundary of the plane area that is being revolved, xL = 0, and the equation reduces
Solution:
to:

Using Vertical Strip

If yT = 0, we have:
Example no. 7 Find the volume generated when the area in Example no. 6 will
revolve about the y-axis.