NCERT Solutions Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.

Q1. Evaluate
−5
1
(i) 3−2
(ii) (−4) −2
(iii)  
2
(i) Evaluate (3) −2

Difficulty Level: Easy

What is known:
Exponential form

What is unknown:
Value in the number

Reasoning
1
We know a − m = for any non-zero integer
am

Solution:
1 1
3−2 = =
32 9

Related Problems:
(−2) −4 & (4) −3

(ii) Evaluate (−4)−2

Difficulty Level: Easy

What is known:
Exponential form

What is unknown:
Value in the number

Reasoning:
1
We know a − m = for any non-zero integer
am
Solution:
1 1 1
(−4) −2 = = =
(−4) 2
(−4)  (−4) 16

−5
1
(iii) Evaluate  
2

Difficulty Level: Easy

What is known:
Exponential form

What is unknown:
Value in the number

Reasoning:
As per the fact used in previous question

Solution:
−5
1
  = (2) = 2  2  2  2  2 = 32
5

2

Q2. Simplify and express the result in power notation with positive exponent.
2 4
1 5
(i) (−4)  (−4)
5 8
(ii)  3  (iii) (−3)   
4

2  3

(iv) (3−7  3−10 )  3−5 (v) 2−3  (−7)−3

(i) Evaluate (−4)5  (−4)8

Difficulty Level: Easy

What is known:
Expression in exponential form

What is unknown:
Result in power notation with positive exponent

Reasoning:
am
As we know n
= a m − n where m & n are integers.
a
Solution:
(−4)5
(−4)  (−4) =
5 8
= (−4)5−8
(−4) 8

3
 1 
(−4) =  
−3

 −4 

2
1
(ii) Evaluate  3 
2 

Difficulty Level: Easy

What is known:
Expression in exponential form

What is unknown:
Result in power notation with positive exponent

Reasoning:
As we know for any non-zero integer a, (a m )n = a mn

Solution:
2
1 1
 3 = 6
2  2

4
4 5
(iii) Evaluate (-3) ×  
3

Difficulty Level: Medium

What is known:
Expression in exponential form

What is unknown:
Result in power notation with positive exponent

Reasoning:
we know that a m  b m = (ab)m where a & b are non-zero integers and m is any integer
Solution:
4
5
(−3)   
4

3
54
(−1 3)  4
4

3
54
(−1)  3  4
4 4

3
(−1) 4  54 = 54 [ (−1) 4 = 1]

(iv) Evaluate ( 3−7  3−10 )  35

Difficulty Level: Medium

What is known:
Expression in exponential form

What is unknown:
Result in power notation with positive exponent

Reasoning:
am
We know n
= a m−n & a m  a n = a m+n
a

Solution:
(3−7  3−10 )  3−5 = (3−7 −( −10) )  3−5
= (3−7 +10 )  3−5
= 33 + (3−5 )
= 33+ ( −5)
= 3−2
1
= 2
3

(v) Evaluate 2-3×(-7)-3

Difficulty Level: Medium

What is known:
Expression in exponential form

What is unknown:
Result in power notation with positive exponent
 Reasoning:
As we know a  b = ( ab )
m m m

Solution:
2−3  (−7) −3 = [2  (−7)]−3
1
= [−14]−3 [a − m = ]
am
 −1 
3

= 
 14 

Q3. Find the value of

(i) (30 + 4−1 )  22

( ii ) (2−1  4−1 )  2−2

−2 −2 −2
1 1 1
(iii)   +  + 
2  3  4

(iv) (3−1 + 4−1 + 5−1 )0

(i) Evaluate (30 +4-1 )×22

Difficulty Level: Easy

What is known:
Expression in exponential form

What is unknown:
Value of the expression

Reasoning:
1
a0 = 1 and a − m =
am
Solution:
1
(30 + 4−1 )  22 = (1 + )  22
4
 4 +1 2
= 2
 4 
5
=    22
4
5
= 2  22 [4 = 2  2 = 22 ]
2
= 5

(ii) Evaluate (2−1  4−1 )  2−2

Difficulty Level: Medium

What is known:
Expression in exponential form

What is unknown:
Value of the expression

Reasoning:

(a )
m n
= a mn , a m  a n = a m+n , a − m =
1
am

Solution:

 
( 2−1  4−1 )  2−2 = 2−1  ( 2 )2   2−2
−1


= ( 2−1  2−2 )  2−2  a m  a n = a m+n 
= 2−3  2−2
−3−( −2 )
=2  a m  a n = a m-n 
= 2−3+ 2
= 2−1
1  1 
=  a−m =
2 a m 
 -2 -2 -2
1 1 1
(iii) Evaluate   +   +  
 2  3  4

Difficulty Level: Easy

What is known:
Expression in exponential form

What is unknown:
Value of the expression

Reasoning:
−m m
a b
  = 
b a

Solution:
-2 -2 -2 2 2 2
1 1  1  2  3  4
  +  +  =   +  + 
 2  3  4  1 1  1
= ( 2 ) + ( 3) + ( 4 )
2 2 2

= 4+9+16
= 29

Evaluate ( 3-1 +4-1 +5-1 )

Difficulty Level: Easy

What is known:
Expression in exponential form

What is unknown:
Value of the expression

Reasoning:
a 0 = 1 and a − m = 1
m
a
Solution:
0
1 1 1   −m 1 
(3 −1
+4 +5−1 −1 0
) = + + 
3 4 5  a = a m 

=1  a 0 = 1
 2
 −2 −2 
(v) Evaluate   
 3  

Difficulty Level: Easy

What is known:
Expression in exponential form

What is unknown:
Value of the expression

Reasoning:
m
−m 1 a am
a = m and   = m
a b b

Solution:
2 2
 −2 −2   3 2   −m 1 
   =     a = a m 
 3    −2  
2
 32   a  m a m 
= 2   = m 
 ( −2 )   b  b 
2
9
= 
4
81
=
16

Q4. Evaluate
8−1  53
(i)
2−4
(ii) (5−1  2−1 )  6−1

8-1×53
(i) Evaluate
2-4

Difficulty Level: Medium

What is known:
Expression in exponential form

What is unknown:
Value of the expression
Reasoning:
1
a−m =
am

a m  a n = a m−n

Solution:
8−1  53 24  53  −m 1 
=  a = a m 
2−4 81
24  53
=
23
= 24−3  53  a m  a n = a m-n 
= 2  125
= 250

(ii) Evaluate (5−1  2−1 )  6−1

Difficulty Level: Easy

What is known:
Expression in exponential form

What is unknown:
Value of the expression

Reasoning:
a m  b m = (ab)m

Solution:
(5−1  2−1 )  6−1 = ( 5  2 )  6 −1
−1

= 10−1  6−1
= (10  6) −1  a m  b m = ( ab )m 
 
= (60) −1
1
=
60

Related problems:
2−2  52
(i) (7 14 )  3
−2 −2 −1
(ii)
8−3
Q5. Find the value of m for which (5m  5−3 ) = 55

Difficulty Level: Easy

What is known:
Expression in exponential form

What is unknown:
Value of m

Reasoning:
a m  a n = a m−n

Solution:
(5m  5−3 ) = 55
5m −( −3) = 55
5m +3 = 55

On both the side powers have the same base, so their exponents must be equal.
 m+3 = 5 → m = 5−3→ m = 2

Q6. Evaluate
−1
 1   1  
−1 −1

(i)   −   
 3   4  
−7 −4
5 8
(ii)   − 
8 5
-1
 1 -1  1  -1 
(i) Evaluate   −   
 3   4  

Difficulty Level: Medium

What is known:
Expression in exponential form

What is unknown:
Value of the expression

Reasoning:
−m m
a b
  =  
b a
Solution:
−1
 1   1  
−1 −1

  −    = 3 − 4 
1 1 −1

 3   4  
= {3 − 4}−1
= {−1}−1
1
 1 
= 
 −1 
= −1
-7 -4
5 8
(ii) Evaluate     
8 5

Difficulty Level: Medium

What is known:
Expression in exponential form

What is unknown:
Value of the expression

Reasoning:
−m m
a b
  =  
b a

Solution:
−7 −4 7 −4
5 8 8 8
    =    
8 5 5 5
3
8
= 
5
512
=
125

Q7. Simplify.
25  t −4
(i)
5−3  10  t −8
3−5  10−5  125
(ii)
5−7  6−5

25  t −4
(i) Evaluate
5−3  10  t −8
Difficulty Level: Medium
What is known:
Expression in exponential form

What is unknown:
Value of the expression

Reasoning:
am
a m × a n = a m+n and n
= a m-n
a
Solution:
25  t −4 52  t −4
=  a m  a n = a m + n 
5−3  10  t −8 5−3  5  2  t −8
52  t −4
= −3+1
5  2  t −8
52  t −4
= −2
5  2  t −8
52−( −2)  t −4−( −8)  am m−n 
=  an = a 
2  
54  t −4+8
=
2
625t 4
=
2

3−5  10−5  125

Difficulty Level: Difficult

What is known: Expression in exponential form

What is unknown: Value of the expression

Reasoning:
am
n
= a m−n
a and a0 = 1

Solution:
3−5  10−5  125 3  ( 2  5 )  5
−5 3 −5

=
5−7  6−5 5−7  (2  3) −5
3−5  2−5  5−5  53
=
5−7  2−5  3−5
= 3−5−( −5)  2−5−( −5)  5−5−( −7) +3
= 30  20  55  a 0 = 1
= 1 1 55 = 55