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UNIT II Drug Information Sources

The document discusses various types of research designs used in medical research, including cohort studies, case-control studies, experimental research, crossover designs, and qualitative and quantitative research. Cohort studies follow groups of people over time to study outcomes. Case-control studies compare groups with and without a disease. Experimental research tests hypotheses in a controlled environment. Crossover designs assign participants to different treatments over time. Qualitative research focuses on understanding phenomena while quantitative research deals with numeric data.

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Jenilyn Farnacio
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137 views42 pages

UNIT II Drug Information Sources

The document discusses various types of research designs used in medical research, including cohort studies, case-control studies, experimental research, crossover designs, and qualitative and quantitative research. Cohort studies follow groups of people over time to study outcomes. Case-control studies compare groups with and without a disease. Experimental research tests hypotheses in a controlled environment. Crossover designs assign participants to different treatments over time. Qualitative research focuses on understanding phenomena while quantitative research deals with numeric data.

Uploaded by

Jenilyn Farnacio
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URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy

Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

UNIT II: Drug Information


Sources
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

Types of Research Design


URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

Cohort studies
Cohort studies are a type of longitudinal study—an approach that
follows research participants over a period of time (often many
years). Specifically, cohort studies recruit and follow participants
who share a common characteristic, such as a particular
occupation or demographic similarity.
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

Prospective
A prospective study watches for outcomes, such as the
development of a disease, during the study period and
relates this to other factors such as suspected risk or
protection factor(s). The study usually involves taking a
cohort of subjects and watching them over a long period.
The outcome of interest should be common; otherwise,
the number of outcomes observed will be too small to be
statistically meaningful (indistinguishable from those that
may have arisen by chance).
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

Retrospective
Retrospective case studies are a type of longitudinal case study design in which
all data, including first-person accounts, are collected after the fact. The events
and activities under study have already occurred, and the outcomes of these
events and activities are known.

“ chart reviews”

source is the medical record


URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

Case-Control studies
1. A study that compares two groups of people: those with the
disease or condition under study (cases) and a very similar group
of people who do not have the disease or condition (controls).

-are frequently used for studying rare health outcomes or diseases.


URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

Experimental research is a study that strictly adheres to a


scientific research design. It includes a hypothesis, a variable that
can be manipulated by the researcher, and variables that can be
measured, calculated and compared. Most importantly, experimental
research is completed in a controlled environment.
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

A crossover design is a repeated measurements design such


that each experimental unit (patient) receives different
treatments during the different time periods, i.e., the patients
cross over from one treatment to another during the course of the
trial.
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

Quantitative research deals in numbers, logic, and an objective


stance. Quantitative research focuses on numeric and unchanging
data and detailed, convergent reasoning rather than divergent
reasoning [i.e., the generation of a variety of ideas about a
research problem in a spontaneous, free-flowing manner].A
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

Qualitative research can be defined as the study of the nature of


phenomena and is especially appropriate for answering questions
of why something is (not) observed, assessing complex multi-
component interventions, and focussing on intervention
improvement.
URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

THANKS

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