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A. The Modern Axiomatic System

This document defines fundamental geometric terms like point, line, and plane according to an axiomatic system. It defines a point as having no size, a line as having infinite length but no width or height, and a plane as having infinite length and width but no height. It then lists six initial postulates about points, lines, and planes, and three theorems that can be proven from these postulates, such as if two lines intersect they do so at exactly one point, and if a point lies outside a line there is exactly one plane containing both.

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freda licud
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391 views2 pages

A. The Modern Axiomatic System

This document defines fundamental geometric terms like point, line, and plane according to an axiomatic system. It defines a point as having no size, a line as having infinite length but no width or height, and a plane as having infinite length and width but no height. It then lists six initial postulates about points, lines, and planes, and three theorems that can be proven from these postulates, such as if two lines intersect they do so at exactly one point, and if a point lies outside a line there is exactly one plane containing both.

Uploaded by

freda licud
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Plane and Solid Geometry

A. THE MODERN AXIOMATIC SYSTEM

 Undefined Terms
1. POINT
- a point indicates a location (or position) in space.
- a point has no dimension (actual size). 
- a point has no length, no width, and no height (thickness).
- a point is usually named with a capital letter.
- in the coordinate plane, a point is named by an ordered pair, ( x,y).
- While we represent a point with a dot, the dot can be very tiny or very large. Remember, a point
has no size. 

The size of the dot drawn to represent a point makes no difference.


Points have no size. They simply represent a location.

2. LINE (Straight line)


- a line has no thickness. 
- a line's length extends in one dimension.
- a line goes on forever in both directions.
- a line has infinite length, zero width, and zero height.
- a line is assumed to be straight.
- a line is drawn with arrowheads on both ends.
- a line is named by a single lowercase script letter, or by any two (or more) points which lie on the
line.

Lines can be labeled with a single script letter, or by two points on


the line,  . The thickness of a line makes no difference.

*Points that lie on the same line are called collinear points. If there is no line on which all
of the points lie, then they are noncollinear points.
3. PLANE
- a plane has two dimensions.
- a plane forms a flat surface extending indefinitely in all directions.
- a plane has infinite length, infinite width and zero height (thickness).
- a plane is drawn as a four-sided figure resembling a tabletop or a parallelogram.
- a plane is named by a single letter (plane m) or by three coplanar, but non-collinear,* points
(plane ABC).

Plane m or Plane ABC.
While the diagram of a plane has edges, you must remember
that the plane actually has no boundaries.

*Collinear points are points that lie on the same straight line.


*Coplanar points are points that line in the same plane.

 Initial Postulates and Theorems


A postulate is a statement that is assumed true without proof.
A theorem is a true statement that can be proven.

Listed below are six postulates and the theorems that can be proven from these postulates.
Postulate 1: A line contains at least two points.

Postulate 2: A plane contains at least three noncollinear points.

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Plane and Solid Geometry

Postulate 3: Through any two points, there is exactly one line.

Postulate 4: Through any three noncollinear points, there is exactly one plane.

Postulate 5: If two points lie in a plane, then the line joining them lies in that plane.

Postulate 6: If two planes intersect, then their intersection is a line.

Theorem 1: If two lines intersect, then they intersect in exactly one point.

Theorem 2: If a point lies outside a line, then exactly one plane contains both the line and the point.

Theorem 3: If two lines intersect, then exactly one plane contains both lines.

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