Mathematics

10
Quarter 3 – Module 27: Permutation of
Identical Objects and Circular Permutation

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

i
Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 27: Permutation of Identical Objects and Circular Permutation
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Assistant Secretary: Alma Ruby C. Torio

Development Team of the Module

Author: Ricky P. Landocan
Editor: Aiza R. Bitanga, Bryan A. Hidalgo
Reviewers: Aiza R. Bitanga, Bryan A. Hidalgo
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: May B. Eclar, Ph.D. CESO V - Regional Director
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- Schools Division Superintendent
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Ethielyn Taqued, EdD, Regional EPS - LRMDS
Edgar H. Madlaing, Regional EPS - AP/ADM Focal Person
Francisco C. Copsiyan, Division EPS - Math/ADM Focal Person

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

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Telefax: (074) 422-4074
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ii
 This contains a detailed discussion of
the lesson. It presents examples that
What is It
will help you comprehend the said
lesson.

This provides you with more activities

What’s More that will enhance your understanding
of the lesson.

This summarizes the important

What I have
concepts/ideas that are presented in
Learned
this module.

This presents real-life situation where

What I Can Do
you apply the skill that you developed.

This evaluates your overall

Assessment
understanding of the lesson.

This provides you with more activities

Additional
to strengthen your knowledge and
Activities
skill that you attained in this module.

It is also hoped that this module will be of great help to you.

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is
here to help you solve problems involving permutation of
identical objects and circular permutation. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course but the
pacing in which you read and comprehend the contents and answer the
exercises in this module will depend on your ability.
After going through this module, you are expected to be able to
demonstrate understanding of key concepts of permutation. Specifically, you
should be able to:
1) illustrate the permutation of identical objects and circular
permutation; and
2) solve problems involving permutation of identical objects and
circular permutation.

3
 WHAT I KNOW
Are you ready? You are tasked to answer the following questions
before we proceed with our lesson. Do not worry, we only want to
know how knowledgeable you are with the topics that we will be discussing
in this module.

DIRECTION: Read and analyze each item carefully. Write the letter of the
correct answer on the blank before the item number.

___ 1. Which concept is involved when the letters of the word “LOVE” taken
4 at a time equals 24?
A. Combination B. FPC C. Permutation D. Probability

___ 2. In how many ways can the letters of the word “SWIMMING” be
arranged?
A. 10,800 B. 10,080 C. 1,860 D. 1,680

___ 3. There are three identical green flags, three identical white flags,
and two identical red flags. Using all eight flags, how many signals
can be made?
A. 560 B. 1,120 C. 6,720 D. 20,160

___ 4. How many six-digit numbers can be made using the digits 9, 4, 4,
3, 4, and 9?
A. 720 B. 360 C. 120 D. 60

___ 5. A department store sells two same jackets, two same shirts, two
same ties, and four same pairs of pants. How many different suits
consisting of jacket, shirt, tie, and pants are possible?
A. 25,200 B. 19,120 C. 18,900 D. 4,200

___ 6. How many different ten-digit numerals can be written using the
digits 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, and 9?
A. 226 B. 2,268 C. 22,860 D. 226,800

___ 7. Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters of

the word “PANAGBENGA”.
A. 3,628,800 B. 518,400 C. 302,400 D. 151,200

4
___ 8. In how many ways can three identical Mathematics magazine, two
identical Statistics magazine, and four identical Science magazine
be put in a stack?
A. 362,880 B. 40,320 C. 1,728 D. 1,260

___ 9. In how many ways can nine people be seated around a circular
table?
A. 362,880 B. 40,320 C. 5,040 D. 720

___ 10. How many ways can 12 people be seated around a circular table if
two insist to seat next to each other?
A. 3,628,800 B. 7,025,760 C. 3,062,800 D. 725,760

___ 11. Five different keys are to be placed on a circular key chain. How
many different arrangements are there?
A. 4 B. 5 C. 12 D. 24

___ 12. Seven different beads will be put together to form a bracelet with a
lock. How many ways can the beads be arranged?
A. 5,040 B. 2,520 C. 720 D. 360

___ 13. How many ways can eight unique beads be arranged on a chain
without a clasp?
A. 40,320 B. 20,160 C. 5,040 D. 2,520

___ 14. In how many ways can six people be seated in a round table?
A. 24 B. 120 C. 720 D. 5,040

___ 15. Ten people are to be seated at a roundtable. One of them is to be

seated close to the door. How many arrangements are possible?
A. 479,001,600 B. 39,916,800 C. 3,628,800 D. 362,880

5
 Permutation of Identical
Lesson Objects and Circular
Permutation

WHAT’S IN
In the previous module, you have learned that a permutation is
an ordering or an arrangement of certain objects. Oftentimes,
permutation problems will ask you in how many ways can you
pick and arrange a certain number of objects from a larger set of objects. Let’s
review our previous lesson on permutation of distinguishable objects by
studying the following examples:

Example 1
In how many ways can you arrange five (5) people to be seated in a row?

Solution
The diagram illustrates the five seats. Each person can be arranged in
different ways.

Seat 1 Seat 2 Seat 3 Seat 4 Seat 5

In how many ways can Why?

the person be seated?

1st 5 ways The first person can be seated in any

person one of the five slots. Each slot is
different from the others.

2nd 4 ways Since the first person is seated, the

person second person may occupy any of the
four vacant seats.

3rd 3 ways The third person may occupy any of

person the three vacant seats.

4th 2 ways The fourth person may occupy any of

person the two vacant seats.

5th 1 way The fifth person occupies the last

person remaining seat.

6
 We do the computation 5 P5  5  4  3  2  1  5! to know the
number of ways five people can be seated in a row. After doing the
computation, we conclude that there are 120 ways to arrange five people in a
row.

Example 2
In how many ways can the letters of the word “LOVE” be arranged?

Solution
Since there are four different letters in the word “LOVE”, then

4 P4  4!  24

Therefore, the letters of the word “LOVE” can be arranged in 24 different

ways.

What about if you want to know how many ways can you arrange the
letters of the word “NONE”? Is the answer the same with that of the word
“LOVE” since they have the same number of letters?

WHAT’S NEW
Notice that the letters in the word “LOVE” are distinct or
different while the letters in the word “NONE” are not distinct.
Why? The letters in the word “NONE” are not distinct because
there are two letter “Ns” in it. This will affect the number of ways you can
arrange the letters of the word and this type of problem is called permutation
of identical objects.

Let’s analyze this.

N O N E There are four letters in the word “NONE” and there

are two letter “Ns”.

N O N E If you interchange the two letter “Ns”, you form the

same word. The seemingly two different arrangements
are actually one and the same arrangement. Therefore,
N O N E these are considered one arrangement only.

7
 Let’s solve the problem How many ways can the letters in the word
“NONE” be arranged?

Step 1 4 P4  4! Since there are four letters, get the permutation

of the four letters.

Note: When you get the permutation of the four

letters, you will be counting some words
twice.

Step 2 4! The permutation of the four letters will be

2! divided by the number of ways to arrange the
repeated letter.

Note: The number of ways to arrange the two

letter “Ns” is 2 P2  2! .

Step 3 4! 24 Simplify.
  12
2! 2

Therefore, there are 12 ways to arrange the letters of the word “NONE”.

To verify the answer, let us list down all the possible arrangements of
the letters of the word “NONE” and remove the repeated words.

NONE ONNE NONE ENNO

NOEN ONEN NOEN ENON
NNOE ONEN NNOE EONN
NNEO ONNE NNEO EONN
NENO OENN NENO ENON
NEON OENN NEON ENNO

Example 3
How many distinguishable arrangements can be formed from the letters
of the word “PAGPAPAKATAO”?

Solution
Step 12 P12  12! Since there are twelve letters, get
1 the permutation of the twelve
letters.
Note: When you get the
permutation of the twelve letters

8
 you will be counting some words
twice.
Step 12! The permutation of the twelve
2 3!  5! letters will be divided by the
product of the number of ways to
arrange the repeated letters.
Note: The number of ways to
arrange the three letter “Ps” is
3 P3  3! and the five letter “As”
is 5 P5  5!.

Step 12! 479,001,600 Simplify.

  665,280
3 3!  5! 720

Therefore, there are 665,280 arrangements formed from the letters of

the word “PAGPAPAKATAO”.

Activity 1.
Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters in each
of the given words.

1. BAGUIO
2. REFERENCE
3. MATHEMATICS
4. BOOKKEEPER
5. STATISTICS

WHAT IS IT
Distinguishable Permutations are permutations that can be
distinguished from one another. In the case of a number of
things where each is different from the other, such as the letters
in the word “BAGUIO”, there is no difference between the number of
permutations and the number of distinguishable permutations. But if the
original set of things has repetition, then the number of distinguishable
permutations of 𝑛 objects of which n1 are alike and one of a kind, n2 are alike
and one of a kind, …, nk are alike and one of a kind, the number of
distinguishable permutations is:
n!
.
n1!n2 !,..., nk !
Example 4
9
 If there are two cans of orange juice, three cans of lemonade, and five
cans of iced tea in a cooler. In how many ways can these drinks be consumed
by a costumer?

Solution
Step P  10!
10 10
Since there are ten (10) drinks,
1 get the permutation of the ten
drinks.

Step 10! The permutation of the ten

2 2!  3!  5! drinks will be divided by the
product of the number of ways to
consume the repeated drinks.
Note: The number of ways to
consume the orange juice is
2 P2  2!
, the lemonade is

3 P3  3! , and the iced tea is

5 P5  5! .

Step 10! 3,628,800 Simplify.

  2,520
3 2!  3!  5! 1,440

Therefore, there are 2,520 possible ways to consume the drinks.

Example 5
How many different eight-digit numbers can be written using the digits
1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, and 5?

Solution
Step 1 8 P8  8!  40,320 Since there are eight (8) digits,
get the permutation of the eight
digits.

Step 2 40,320 The permutation of the eight

2!  3! digits will be divided by the
product of the number of ways to
arrange the repeated digits.
Note: The number of ways to
arrange the digit 4 is 2 P2  2!
and the digit 5 is 3 P3  3! .

10
 Step 3 P8 40,320 Simplify.
8
  3,360
2!  3! 12

Therefore, there are 3,360 different eight-digit numbers.

Activity 2.
Find the number of permutations in each situation.

1. Lisa has three vases of the same kind and two candle stands of the
same kind. In how many ways can she arrange these items in a
line?

2. Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the digits of

the number 348,838.

3. What is the number of possible arrangements of nine books on a

shelf where four Algebra books are of the same kind, three
Geometry books are of the same kind, and two Statistics books are
of the same kind?

4. A clothing store has a certain shirt in four sizes: small, medium,

large, and extra-large. If it has two small, three medium, six large,
and two extra-large shirts in stock, in how many ways can these
shirts be sold if each is sold one after the other?

5. How many different nine-digit numbers can be written using the

following digits: 2,2,2,7,7,8,8,8, and 9?

The arrangements discussed previously are linear in nature. There are

some arrangements which are circular in nature such as sitting in a
roundtable, making a necklace with different colored beads, and the like. The
number of ways of counting associated with the circular arrangement gives
rise to circular permutation (P).

Suppose there are five chairs around a table to be occupied by five

persons A, B, C, D, and E, in how many ways can they arrange themselves?
These five persons A, B, C, D, and E can arrange themselves in 5! ways if they
are to be arranged in a row. There is a start and there is an end.

A B C D E

Seat 1 Seat 2 Seat 3 Seat 4 Seat 5

11
 In a circular permutation, there is nothing like a start or an end. The
picture illustrates the five chairs around a table. Each person can be
arranged in different ways.

https://www.houzz.com/products/6-piece-outdoor-teak-
dining-set-60-round-table-5-celo-stacking-arm-chairs-prvw-vr~126789186

How many person/s Why?

will occupy a seat?

1st 1 person A particular chair is to be designated

seat as the first seat which serves as the
starting point, and to be occupied by
the designated first person, say D.

2nd 4 persons Since the designated first seat is

seat already occupied by the designated
first person (D), then the next chair,
either clockwise or counterclockwise,
can now be occupied by any of the
four remaining persons A, B, C, or E.
Let us say B occupies the second seat.

3rd 3 persons The third seat next to B can be

seat occupied by any of the remaining
three persons A, C, or E, say A.

4th 2 persons The fourth seat next to A can be

seat occupied by any of the two remaining
persons C or E, say E.

5th 1 person The fifth seat is to be occupied by the

seat remaining person C.

We use the computation P  1 4  3  2  1  4! to know the number of

ways five people can be seated in a roundtable. After simplifying the solution,
we conclude that there are 24 ways to arrange five people in a roundtable.

12
 Let’s analyze the situation using the illustration.

Notice that the five arrangements are all the same but in different angles
or views. The arrangements are just rotating clockwise or counterclockwise.
There are five times as many as it should be.

5! 5  4!
Then, P    1  4!  4!  24
5 5

Therefore, five people can be arranged around in 24 different ways.

n!
If n objects are arranged in a circle, then there are or (n  1) !
n
permutations of the n objects around the circle.

Example 6
Ten boy scouts are to be seated around a camp fire. How many ways
can they be arranged?

Solution
10! 10  9!
P   9! 362,880
10 10
Therefore, there are 362,880 ways to arrange the ten boy scouts around
a camp fire.

Example 7
Eight people are to be seated at a roundtable. One of them is to be
seated close to the window. How many arrangements are possible?

Solution
P  n!  8!  40,320
Note: If n objects on a circle are arranged relative to a
fixed point, then there are n ! permutations even
though the objects are on a circle, the permutations are
linear since a reference point has been established.

13
 Therefore, there are 40,320 arrangements possible.

Example 8
How many different ways can four keys, no two of which are the same,
be arranged on a key-ring that has a clasp?

Solution
n! 4! 24
P    12
2 2 2

Note: This is no longer a case of an ordinary circular

permutation since objects are arranged with respect to
a fixed point, the clasp, and is reflective. In this case,
n!
there are permutations.
2

Therefore, there are 12 ways to arrange the four keys, no two of which
are the same, on a key-ring.

Activity 3.
Find the number of permutations of the given objects in each of the
following situations.
1. How many seating arrangements are possible for five people at a
roundtable?

2. In how many different ways can four keys, no two of which are the
same, be arranged on a key-ring that has no clasp?

3. Twelve beads, no two of which are the same, are to be strung in a

necklace with a clasp. In how many ways can it be done?

4. How many ways can five boys and five girls be seated alternately at
a circular table?

5. How many ways can seven people be seated at a roundtable relative

to the door of a room?

14
 WHAT’S MORE
Now, it’s your turn to answer the following activities.

Activity 4.
Matching Type: Match each problem at the left to the permutation notation
at the right to answer the said problems. Write the letter of the correct
answer on the blank before the item number.
PROBLEM PERMUTATION
NOTATION
___ 1. How many ways can six beads, no two of 10!
A.
which are the same, be arranged on a 5!  3!  2!
bracelet without clasp? B. (6  1)!
___ 2. Using the digits 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8,
10!
and 9, how many 10-digit numbers can C.
5!  3!
be formed?
___ 3. In how many ways can six people be 6!
D.
seated in a round table? 2
___ 4. In how many ways can five identical red (6  1)!
E.
cards, two identical blue cards, and three 2
identical black cards be arranged in a 10!
F.
row? 5!  2!
___ 5. How many ways can six keys, no two of
which are the same, be arranged on a key
ring with a clasp?

Activity 5.
Answer the following questions.
1. A couple wants to plant some shrubs around a circular walkway.
They have 10 shrubs, no two of which are the same. In how many
different ways can the shrubs be planted?
2. In how many ways can six colored beads, no two beads are of the
same color, be threaded on a string with a clasp?
3. Five people are to be seated around a circular table. If two people
insist to seat next to each other, how many arrangements are
possible?
4. How many ways can the letters of each given word be arranged in a
row?

15
 a. MAKADIYOS
b. MAKATAO
c. MAKAKALIKASAN
d. MAKABANSA

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Summing up, let us list down what you have learned in our
discussions.

The number of distinguishable permutations of 𝑛 objects of which n1

are alike and one of a kind, n2 are alike and one of a kind, …, nk are alike
and one of a kind, the number of distinguishable permutations is:
n!
.
n1!n2!,..., nk !

n!
If n objects are arranged in a circle, then there are or n  1 !
n
permutations of the n objects around the circle.

If n objects on a circle are arranged relative to a fixed

point, then there are n ! permutations. Even though the
objects are on a circle, the permutations are linear since a
reference point has been established.

If n objects on a circle are reflective, then there are

(n  1) !
permutation.
2

16
 WHAT I CAN DO
In this part of the module, you will apply the concepts of solving
permutation with different restrictions. Consider the situation:

There are three identical red books, one white book, and one black book
on the shelf. How many ways can the books be arranged if the white and black
books are separated?

STEP 1 Find the total number of 5!

Ptotal 
arrangements. 3!
Ptotal  20 ways

STEP 2 Find the total number of arrangements 4!

Pnot   2
if the white and black books are NOT separated
3!
separated. Pnot  8 ways
separated
Note: If the white and black books
are not separated or together, then
they are considered as one and
can be arranged in 2 P2  2! 2
ways.

STEP 3 Find the difference between the total Pseparated  Ptotal  Pnot separated
number of arrangements and the
number of arrangements if the white Pseparated  20  8
and black books are not separated or Pseparated  12 ways
together.

Therefore, there are 12 ways to arrange the books if the white and
black books are separated.

Congratulations, I know that you are ready to apply what you have
learned in this module.

Activity 6.
1. In how many ways can five people be arranged in a circle such that
two of them sit together?

STEP 1 Find the total number of arrangements.

Note: Two people who sit together
are considered as one.

17
STEP 2 Find the number of arrangements of the
two people who sit together.
STEP 3 Find the product of the total number of
arrangements and the number of
arrangements if the two people sit together.

2. Eight members of the faculty board, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are

seated at a roundtable. How many ways can they be seated if:
a. the members can sit anywhere?
b. A, B, C sit beside each other?
c. E and G refuses to sit together?
d. H has a reserved seat?

ASSESSMENT
DIRECTION: Let us determine how much you have learned
from this module. Read, analyze and answer each item
carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank
before the item number.

___ 1. What concept is involved when the letters of the word “FAIR” taken
4 at a time equals 24?
A. Combination B. FPC C. Permutation D. Probability

___ 2. In how many ways the letters of the word “RUNNING” be arranged?
A. 5,040 B. 2,520 C. 1,260 D. 840

___ 3. There are four identical green flags, two identical white flags, and
two identical red flags. Using all eight flags, how many signals can
be made?
A. 252 B. 420 C. 840 D. 1,680

___ 4. How many six-digit numbers can be made using the digits from 9,
4, 4, 3, 4, and 2?
A. 720 B. 360 C. 120 D. 60

___ 5. A department store sells three same jackets, three same shirts, two
same ties, and two same pairs of pants. How many different suits
consisting of jacket, shirt, tie, and pants are possible?
A. 25,200 B. 19,120 C. 18.900 D. 4,200

18
___ 6. How many different ten-digit numerals can be written using the
digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, and 9?
A. 453,600 B. 45,360 C. 4,536 D. 536

___ 7. Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters of

the word “ATI-ATIHAN”.
A. 3,628,800 B. 518,400 C. 302,400 D. 15,120

___ 8. In how many ways can three identical issues of a Mathematics

magazine, two identical Statistics magazine, and five identical
Science magazine be put in a stack?
A. 1,260 B. 2,520 C. 5,040 D. 30,240

___ 9. In how many ways can eight people be seated around a circular
table?
A. 362,880 B. 40,320 C. 5,040 D. 720

___ 10. How many ways can 11 people be seated around a circular table if
two insist to seat next to each other?
A. 181,440 B. 362,880 C. 725,760 D. 1,451,520

___ 11. Six keys, no two of which are the same, are to be placed on a
circular key chain. How many different arrangements are there?
A. 60 B. 30 C. 15 D. 10

___ 12. Seven beads, no two of which are the same, will be put together to
form a bracelet without a lock. How many ways can the beads be
arranged?
A. 5,040 B. 2,520 C. 720 D. 360

___ 13. How many ways can eight beads, no two of which are the same, be
arranged on a chain with a clasp?
A. 40,320 B. 20,160 C. 5,040 D. 2,520

___ 14. In how many ways can five people be seated in a round table?
A. 24 B. 120 C. 720 D. 5,040

___ 15. Nine people are to be seated at a roundtable. One of them is to be

seated close to the door. How many arrangements are possible?
A. 479,001,600 B. 39,916,800 C. 3,628,800 D. 362,880

19
 20
What I Know Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4
1. C 1. 720 1. 10 1. 24 1. E
2. B 2. 7 560 2. 60 2. 3 2. F
3. A 3. 4,989,600 3. 1,260 3. 239,500,800 3. B
4. D 4. 151,200 4. 360,360 4. 2,880 4. A
5. C 5. 50,400 5. 5,040 5. 5,040 5. D
6. D
7. D
8. D
9. B
10. A
11. C
12. B
13. D
14. B
15. C
ACTIVITY 5 ACTIVITY 6 ASSESSMENT ADDITIONAL
1. 362,880 1. 1. C ACTIVITY 7
2. 360 STEP 2. D 1. 1,260
3. 12 1 3. B 2. 20,160
4. a. 181,440 STEP 4. C 3. 126
b. 840 2 5. A
c. 8,648,640 STEP 6. A
ways
d. 15,120 3 7. D
8. B
2. 9. C
a. 5,040 10. C
b. 720 11. A
c. 3,600 12. D
d. 40,320 13. B
14. A
15. D
ANSWER KEY
bills be distributed among nine winners in a parlor game?
3. How many ways can four one-hundred-peso bills and five fifty-peso
with a clasp. In how many ways can the beads be arranged?
2. Eight beads, no two of which are the same, are strung in a necklace
string of Christmas tree lights with nine sockets?
identical yellow bulbs, and two identical blue bulbs be arranged in a
1. How many different ways can three identical red bulbs, four
Answer the following questions.
Activity 7.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
REFERENCES:
Circular Permutation. (2020, July 13). Retrieved from https://study.com.

Circular Permutation. (2020, July 4). Retrieved from

https://superprok.co.uk.com.
Combination and Permutation. (2020, July 9). Retrieved
from https://mathsisfun.com.
Gladys C. Nivera, M. R. (2015). Grade 10 Mathematics Patterns and
Practicalities. Makati City: Don Bosco Press, Inc.
Mirla S. Esparrago, N. V. (2015). Next Century Mathematics. Quezon City:
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