Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

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‫ ال يتم تصحيحها‬،‫ُم َس َّو َدة‬

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

Question 1: Multiple Choice Items (14 marks)

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There are 14 multiple-choice items worth two marks each.

Shade in the bubble ( ) next to the correct answer for each of the following items.

1) A gene mutation is the result of a change in the sequence of:

genes bases
codons alleles

2) One RNA molecule is made up of sub-units called:

nucleotides amino acids

nitrogen bases phosphates groups

3) How many codons are required to make a polypeptide that contains 300 amino
acids?

101 301
300 601

4) What is the correct sequence of the nucleotides in this DNA strand?

ACCGAC GCCAAT
TAACTG CTTAAT

5) A double stranded DNA molecule has 30% of Adenine (A) bases.

What is the percentage of Cytosine (C) in this molecule?

15% 20%
30% 40%

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

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6) Which of the following diagrams represents homologous chromosomes?

7) The table below shows the order of events of cell division in the first phase
of meiosis I.
Which row represents the correct order?

1. Crossing over 2. Condensation of 3. Pairing of

between chromosomes. homologous
homologous chromosomes.
chromosomes.

1. Pairing of 2. Condensation of 3. Crossing over

homologous chromosomes. between
chromosomes. homologous
chromosomes.

1. Pairing of 2. Crossing over 3. Condensation of

homologous between chromosomes.
chromosomes. homologous
chromosomes.

1. Condensation of 2. Pairing of 3. Crossing over

chromosomes. homologous between
chromosomes. homologous
chromosomes.

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

Question 1 continued
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8) Which of the following crosses will give a birth ratio of 25% to a child who has blood
group (O)?

(B) heterozygous × (A) heterozygous

(A) homozygous × (B) homozygous
(A) heterozygous × (B) homozygous
(B) heterozygous × (A) homozygous

9) The diagram below shows the body color of two drosophila flies in a cross
experiment.

What are the parent's genotypes if the phenotypes ratio of the offspring was 1:1
normal to ebony body?

Nn × Nn Nn × nn
NN × nn nn × nn

10) In a mammal species the coat color of males is always grey or yellow or brown or
black. However in females it can be either just one color the same as males or a
combination of any two of these colors.
The inheritance pattern for coat color in this species must be:

Autosomal linkage, multiple genes and full dominance.

Sex linked, multiple alleles and co-dominance.
Autosomal linkage, co-dominance and multiple alleles.
Sex linked and full dominance.

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

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11) The graph below shows the variation in phenotypes in human population sample for a
trait.

The graph represents all the following traits except:

arm span. blood groups.

length of thigh bone. skin color.

12) A DNA strand has been cut into three fragments 108 kbp, 65 kbp and 57 kbp.
Which of the following shows the result of gel electrophoresis of these fragments?

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13) The following four procedures are used to insert foreign DNA.

1. Microinjection of a growth-hormone regulating gene into a fertilized egg.

2. Microinjection of ß-carotene gene.

3. Microinjection of a herbicide resistance gene.

4. Microinjection of an insecticide producing gene.

Which of these procedures are used in the production of genetically modified

salmon?

1 2
3 4

14) The diagram below shows the result of a DNA profile of samples collected from two
crime scenes and four suspects (A,B,C and D).

Which suspect was present at both crime scenes?

A B
C D

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

Question 2: Extended Responses (56 marks)

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Write your answer for each of the following questions in the space provided.
Be sure to show all your work, including the correct units where applicable.

15) A double stranded DNA molecule is shown below.

a. Which DNA strand will be transcribed?

Explain your answer.

b. Write the polypeptide chain that is the result of this transcription.

c. What type of bonds are formed between amino acids?

d. What are the effects that will happen if:

–  T is substituted by A?

–  C is substituted by T?

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

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16) a. The figure below shows the results of Meselson and Stahl's experiment to prove
the semi-conservative replication of DNA.

(i) Define: The semi-conservative replication of DNA?

(ii) Explain: why the DNA strands at the beginning of experiment (0 time) have
the highest density.

b. The figure opposite shows a part of DNA.

(i) Name the bonds labelled (X) and (Y).

X:

Y:

(ii) Write one reason to prove that this molecule is not RNA molecule.

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17) The diagram below shows the process involved in protein synthesis.

a. Name the parts (X) and (Z).

X:

Z:

b. What is the anti-codon label?

c. Write the DNA codes for the parts (Y) and (K).

Y:

K:

d. What is the complementary DNA strand for coding strand of the part (W)?

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

Question 2 continued

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18) In the Camellia flower, the gene of the flower color is controlled by two alleles, one
codes for red (R) and the other allele codes for white (W). When a white Camellia
flower was crossed with a red Camellia, all of the individual flowers in the first
generation (F1) had flower petals spotted with white and red.

a. What is an allele?

b. If the first generation (F1) were self-crossed, find the following for the second
generation (F2):

(i) Genotypes; use the following Punnett grid.

Gametes

(ii) Ratio of the phenotypes.

c. Write the genotypes of the parents of (F1).

Parent 1 genotype:

Parent 2 genotype:

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

Question 2 continued
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19) The diagram below shows the formation of sperms and ova in mammals.

a. Name the following:

– Type of cell division that produces the cell (S):

– The process by which the structures (W) and (X) were produced:

b. If the nucleus (T) contains 40 chromosomes, what would be the number of the
chromosomes in:

– Nucleus (U)?

– Nucleus (V)?

c. Why it is important that the nucleus (V) contains this number of chromosomes?

d. Predict what might happen to the cell (X) if the cell (Y) was not produced.

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20) In a dark skinned family, a girl was born with a very pale skin and hair, and her irises
were pale blue.

a. State the following:

(i) The scientific name for this condition.

(ii) Describe the gene enzyme interaction that results in the absence of skin
pigment.

b. The diagram opposite shows the incidence of

color blindness in a girl. The phenotypes of
the parents and brothers are unknown.
However, her sister has normal vision.
(Use the symbol B for the dominant allele and
b for the recessive allele)
Find the following:

(i) Phenotypes of offspring.

- Males:

- Females:

(ii) Parents genotypes:

- Mother genotype:

- Father genotype:

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Question 2 continued
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21) A sample of 500 individuals from a human population were investigated for their
variation of an inherited trait. The bar chart below represents the phenotypic variation
of this trait in the population.

a. What is the type of variation for this trait? (continuous or discontinuous).

b. Give an example of a trait in a human which displays the opposite type of

variation to the one that represented by the bar chart.

c. Explain the genetic basis of the variation in the trait as demonstrated in the bar
chart plot above.
(Highlight the number of genes and or alleles that are controlling this trait)

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

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22) The graph below shows how temperature changes during the repeated cycles of a
polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

a. State the events in the periods labelled (X) and (Y).

(X)

(Y)

b. If there were 500 molecules of DNA at the start, how many copies of the DNA will
be there after 10 minutes?

c. State briefly the goal of PCR.

d. What is the role of DNA polymerase?

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23) The diagram below shows an outline of the processes involved in the production of
useful genes and proteins by genetic engineering.

a. Name the enzymes (X) and (Y).

Enzyme (X):

Enzyme (Y):

b. Name the enzyme which will be used to open the vector.

c. Give an example of the vector.

d. Describe the process (A).

e. Outline the process which takes place inside the bacterium.

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

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24) a. Transgenic tomato plants have been developed to have a gene from Bacillus
thuringiensis inserted into their genome. The gene codes for a microbial pesticide
which makes these plants resistant to gypsy moth caterpillars.

(i) Explain how pesticide protects the transgenic tomato plants from the gypsy
moth caterpillars.

(ii) Suggest one possible disadvantage of introducing insecticide resistance into

crop plants.

b. Transgenic wheat plants have been developed which are resistant to herbicides
such as glyphosate.
Explain how transgenic wheat plants are not destroyed by glyphosate.

[ End of Examination ]

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Do not write in this space Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

‫ُم َس َّو َدة‬

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

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‫ُم َس َّو َدة‬

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

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‫ ال يتم تصحيحها‬،‫ُم َس َّو َدة‬

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

Question 1: Multiple Choice Items (14 marks)

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There are 14 multiple-choice items worth two marks each.

Shade in the bubble (   ) next to the correct answer for each of the following items.

1) Which of the following sentences is true about the mutation of sickle cell anemia?

Increases the ability to carry oxygen in the red blood cells.

Increases the number of red blood cells.
Affects the gene  -hemoglobin of red blood cells.
Occurs in all types of blood cells.

2) Which structural feature is found in double stranded DNA?

An equal ratio of adenine to thymine in each strand.

Twice as many pentose sugars as phosphate groups.
Each base is bonded together by two hydrogen bonds.
Each purine and pyrimidine is paired with a complementary base.

3) Which tube shows the result in one generation of the semi-conservative replication of
DNA?

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4) What mRNA sequence results from the transcription of the following DNA segment:

5' TAC AGC CAT 3'?

5' AUG TCG GUA 3' 3' AUG UCG GUA 5'
3' UAC AGC CAU 5' 3' AUG GCU GUA 5'

5) A double stranded DNA molecule has bases 15% of which are cytosine.
What is the percentage of the purines bases?

15% 35%
50% 70%

6) The diagram below shows different phases of meiosis I.

Which one is the telophase?

7) All of the following are aims of gametogenesis in animals except for:

the growth of embryonic tissues.

the reduction of the number of chromosomes.
the formation of gametes.
sexual reproduction.

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8) What is the probability of giving birth to a child affected by sickle cell anemia if one
of his parents is a carrier and the other is affected:

100% 75%
50% 0%

9) In a cross experiment of two pea plants, the resulting offspring were 61 tall and
59 short. Therefore, the genotypes of the parents must be:

Tt × Tt tt × tt
TT × tt Tt × tt

10) In an animal the fur color is controlled by two genes. The first gene controls the
production of the pigment while the second gene controls the expression of the
pigment. The inheritance pattern of the fur color in this animal is:

Multiple genes. Multiple alleles.

Autosomal linkage. Sex linkage.

11) The bar chart below shows the variation in the phenotypes in a human population
sample.

The human trait that this graph might represent is:

Skin color. Eye color.

Body height. Body weight.

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12) The diagram below shows the different stages involved in genetic engineering.

Which row in the table below shows the number of stages in this process in which
ligase and endonuclease are involved?

Stage involving ligase Stage involving endonuclease

1 3

1 2

2 1

3 2

13) The diagram below shows two bacterial plasmids with restriction sites for two
different restriction endonucleases, Eco R1 and Bam H1.

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What is the number of fragments produced if the plasmids were cut with the
restriction endonucleases as shown above?

Plasmid A Plasmid B

2 3

3 2

1 2

3 4

14) Bovine somatotropin (BST) is a protein hormone that stimulates growth in cows.
Genetic engineering techniques were used to make bacteria produce BST. The effect
of BST on milk production cows was investigated. The milk yield intake was recorded
each day for each cow in two groups, A and B.

Which group received BST treatment? And which week did they start?

Group received BST treatment Week

A 3

B 3

B 4

A 4

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

Question 2: Extended Responses (56 marks)

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Write your answer for each of the following questions in the space provided.
Be sure to show all your work, including the correct units where applicable.

15) The figure below shows in order triplet bases in nucleic acid. (6 marks)

DNA strand X TAC

RNA strand UAA Z
Anti - Codon Y GCA

a. What type of nucleic acids contains:

- Codon?

- Anticodon?

b. Give the triplet bases (X), (Y) and (Z).

(X):

(Y):

(Z):

c. From m-RNA codon's table opposite, write the codons that record the amino
acids chain in the correct order.
5' 3'

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16) The diagram below shows the processes of protein synthesis. (5 marks)

a. Where does the protein synthesis take place within a cell?

b. Name: stage 1 and stage 2.

Stage 1:

Stage 2:

c. Describe the role of tRNA in stage 2?

d. Write the polypeptide that is formed from this process?

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17) The diagram below shows double strands of DNA. (7 marks)

a. Name the parts (X) and (Y)

X:    Y:

b. What is the role of part (Z) and (K)?

Z:

K:

c. Describe DNA as a polymer.

d. Give the sequence of bases:

- In strand 1:

- Transcription of strand 2:

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18) In a plant species, there are two alleles for leaf color, either green or white in the
homozygous state. In the heterozygous state they produce variegated leaves.
 (6 marks)

a. What is the meaning of heterozygous?

b. If two plants with variegated leaves were crossed, answer the following:

- The pattern of the inheritance of this trait:

- The phenotypes of the resulting offspring:

- The ratio of the offspring's phenotypes:

c. A mutation in the white allele has turned the allele into a recessive allele.
Predict the resulting phenotypes and the ratio from crossing two heterozygous
parents affected by this mutation.

- Phenotypes:

- Ratio:

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19) The diagram below shows a phase of meiosis. (6 marks)

a. Identify the following:

- The phase shown above.

- The structure (X).

b. What is the process that occurs during the preceding phase and accounts for a
great deal of the genetic variation in the offspring?

c. Name an event that occurs in the phase that follows.

d. What is the number of chromosomes in the resulted cells?

e. Predict what might happen if structure (X) was missing.

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

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20) a. Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited disease in humans. (6 marks)

(i) State the type of (HD) inheritance.

(ii) Explain the process of mutation that leads to the production of the defective
allele and the rise of Huntington's disease.

b. The diagram below represents a family. The son was diagnosed as hemophilic,
although his parents don’t show any hemophilia symptoms.

(i) What are the possible parental genotypes?

- Father:

- Mother:

(ii) Find the probability of having another child with normal phenotype in the
case of:
- A male:

- A female:

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21) A scientist was studying the variation in body length in an animal population.
He represented the results in the diagram below. (3 marks)

a. What type of variation does this trait follow?

b. Give an example of a trait in humans with the similar type of variation to this trait.

c. Is this trait controlled by one gene with multiple alleles or multiple genes?

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

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22) The diagram below shows the main stages involved in the polymerase chain reaction
PCR. (6 marks)

a. What is the role of the following:

- DNA polymerase?

- The primer?

b. Why are two different primers required?

c. Explain why DNA is:

- heated in stage 1?

- cooled in step 3?

d. How many DNA molecules will be produced from one molecule of DNA after 4
complete cycles?

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

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23) a. Genetic engineering is used to transform bacterial cells. (6 marks)

(i) Define the term genetic engineering.

(ii) What is the role of ligase enzymes in genetic engineering?

(iii) Explain how the same enzyme is used to cut both DNA and plasmid.

(iv) Why must plasmid be introduced into a bacterial cell?

b. DNA collected from a mother, a child and four men (A, B, C and D) in a paternity
suit was analyzed .The DNA was enlarged using PCR and separated by gel
electrophoresis as shown in the diagram below.

Identify from (A, B, C, and D) the man who is must probably the child's father.

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

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24) The diagram below shows how human insulin is produced using genetic engineering.
 (5 marks)

a. Identify the parts (X), (Y) and (Z).

(X):

(Y):

(Z):

b. Identify the cell labelled (W).

c. State one advantage of producing human insulin by genetic engineering.

[ End of Examination ]

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Do not write in this space Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2021/2022

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology End of Year Exam - First Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

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‫ ال يتم تصحيحها‬،‫ُم َس َّو َدة‬

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology End of Year Exam - First Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

Question 1: Multiple Choice Items (12 marks)

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There are 12 multiple-choice items worth two marks each.

Shade in the bubble ( ) next to the correct answer for each of the following items.

1) The diagram below shows an animal cell.

Which site indicates the stage of respiration
that takes place in both aerobic and
anaerobic respiration?

W
X
Y
Z

2) The diagram below shows one of the aerobic respiration stages in an animal cell.

Which of the following statements is true about the structure labeled (X)?

A Co-enzyme which acts as a carrier for hydrogen ions.

Used to split water molecules to 2H+ and ½O2.
Involved in ADP phosphorylation.
Involved in ATP hydrolysis.

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3) The graph below shows the effect of CO2 concentration on the rate of photosynthesis
at different light intensities.

In which part of the graph is light intensity a limiting factor but CO2 concentration is
not?

A B
C D

4) The diagram below shows the structure of a human kidney.

Which of the labeled structures is the medulla?

1
2
3
4

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5) The diagram opposite shows the structure of a nephron.

What is the main process that takes place at the part
labeled ( X )?

Pressure filtration.
Tubular excretion.
Selective reabsorption.
Reabsorption of water.

6) The graphs below show the velocity of action potential in two different axons (A) & (B).

Which of the following shows the correct type of axons?

A B

Non-myelinated Myelinated

Non-myelinated Non-myelinated

Myelinated Non-myelinated

Myelinated Myelinated

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology End of Year Exam - First Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

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7) The diagram below shows a reflex action.

Identify the neurone which carries the impulse from the receptor to the CNS.

W X
Y Z

8) The graph below shows the change in the membrane potential of a neurone.

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Question 1 continued
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Which of the following shows the correct values of threshold potential and resting
potential?

Resting potential (mV) Threshold potential (mV)

-50 -70

-70 -50

+50 -70

-70 +50

9) Identify the type of bond that is found between the nitrogenous bases of DNA.

Peptide bonds Covalent bonds

Hydrogen bonds Ionic bonds

10) The diagram below shows three processes that represent the flow of genetic
information.

Which of the following represents the site of each process?

(1) (2) (3)

Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Cytoplasm

Nucleus Nucleus Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Nucleus

Nucleus Cytoplasm Nucleus

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology End of Year Exam - First Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

Question 1 continued

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11) Which of the following is heterozygous for one character?

12) The diagram below shows the steps of DNA electrophoresis.

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Question 1 continued
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Which option shows the correct events in steps 1, 2 and 3?

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

Power is turned on and

DNA samples are loaded The fragments are
the DNA fragments
into the wells. separated by size.
migrate through gel.

Power is turned on and

DNA samples are loaded The fragments are
the DNA fragments
into the wells. separated by size.
migrate through gel.

Power is turned on and

The fragments are DNA samples are loaded
the DNA fragments
separated by size. into the wells.
migrate through gel.

Power is turned on and

The fragments are DNA samples are loaded
the DNA fragments
separated by size. into the wells.
migrate through gel.

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology End of Year Exam - First Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

Question 2: Extended Responses (48 marks)

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Write your answer for each of the following questions in the space provided.
Be sure to show all your work, including the correct units where applicable.

13) The diagram below illustrates the reactions of respiration in an animal cell. (7 marks)

a. Name the compounds labeled ( X ) and ( Y ):

X:

Y:

b. What are the stages that are labeled (1), (2) and (3)?

(1):

(2):

(3):

c. Predict the final compounds that will be formed at stages labeled (1) and (3).

(1):

(3):

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14) The diagram below shows one of the stages in photosynthesis. (5 marks)

a. Name the stage that this diagram represents.

b. What is the role of the compounds labeled (W), (X) and (Z)?

X:

Y:

Z:

c. Predict what will happen to the concentration of the compound labeled (Y)
when the concentration of CO2 increases.

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15) The graph below shows the concentrations of three different substances in blood
before and after a meal. (6 marks)

a. Name the substances labeled (X) and (Z).

X: Z:

b. (i) The body's failure to regulate the level of substance labeled (Y) in the blood
causes a disease.
Name the disease.

(ii) State one of the common symptoms of this disease.

c. After more than 20 minutes of taking the meal, explain the relationship between
the concentration of the substance labeled (Y) and the substance labeled (Z).

d. Why does the concentration of the substance labeled (X) in the blood rise during
exercise?

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology End of Year Exam - First Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

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16) The diagram below shows a synapse. (6 marks)

a. Name the parts labeled (W), (X) and (Y):

W:
X:
Y:

b. What is the fate of the substance labeled (M) after it binds with the part
labeled (Z)?

c. If the two neurones are sensory and relay, in which neurone could the part labeled
(Z) be found?

d. What is the role of the part labeled (N)?

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology End of Year Exam - First Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

Question 2 continued

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17) The diagram below shows the transmission of an impulse in an axon. (7 marks)

a. Complete the following table:

Neurone situation K+/Na+ pump

Area of axon
(Exciting – Resting) (Open – Close)

1 Resting

2 Close

3 Exciting

b. (i) Explain the events at the area labeled (3).

(ii) Write the number of the area that represents depolarization.

(iii) What state will occur at the end of the area labeled (4)?

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18) The diagram below shows the process of protein synthesis. (6 marks)

a. Name the parts labeled (X) and (Y):

X: Y:

b. Complete the table below.

Use the following codon's table (on the next page) to find your answers.

tRNA (Z) tRNA (W)

Amino acid carried

Met
by each tRNA

Triplet code in DNA ACA

Codon in mRNA UGU

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m-RNA codon's table

c. If a mutation in part of the DNA changes the triplet code (ACC) to (ACA),
Write the new amino acid that will be added to the peptide.

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology End of Year Exam - First Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

Question 2 continued
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19) A man with normal colour vision is married to a carrier woman. (5 marks)

a. What type is this inheritance?

b. Is the woman heterozygous or homozygous?

c. Using the Punnett grid below, write the children's genotypes.

d. Find the probability of the birth of a carrier girl.

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology End of Year Exam - First Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

Question 2 continued

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20) The diagram below demonstrates the process of the production technology of a
blood clotting protein. (6 marks)

a. Name the enzymes used in steps (1) and (2):

1:

2:

b. Predict what will happen to the production process in the following situations:

(i) No sticky ends were produced for part (X):

(ii) The step labeled (2) was not successful:

(iii) The part labeled (Z) lacks a promoter gene:

c. After step (3), the molecule labeled (Z) started to produce a blood clotting protein.
What is the organelle involved in?

[ End of Examination ]

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Do not write in this space Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology End of Year Exam - First Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology End of Year Exam - First Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology End of Year Exam - Second Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

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‫ ال يتم تصحيحها‬،‫ُم َس َّو َدة‬

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology End of Year Exam - Second Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

Question 1: Multiple Choice Items (12 marks)

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There are 12 multiple-choice items worth two marks each.

Shade in the bubble ( ) next to the correct answer for each of the following items.

1) The diagram below shows the structure of a mitochondrion.

At which site is FAD reduced?

A B
C D

2) The diagram opposite shows an animal cell

Identify the site of the respiration stage
that produces 80% of the ATP energy.

W
X
Y
Z

3) At low light intensity, an increase in temperature:

stops the photosynthesis.

increases the rate of photosynthesis.
decreases the rate of photosynthesis.
has no effect on the rate of photosynthesis.

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4) Which graph best represents healthy blood glucose levels?

5) Bowman´s (Renal) capsule of the nephron is located

in the part labeled:

W
X
Y
Z

6) Which of the following is correct when the membrane potential of a neurone drops
below -70 mV?

Na+ ions diffuse out.

Na+ ions diffuse in.
K+ ions diffuse out.
K+ ions diffuse in.

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7) The diagram below shows the structure of a sarcomere.

Which of the following is correct about the changes in the parts labeled (A, B and C)
during a muscle contraction?

A B C

Become closer Become narrower Doesn't change

Doesn't change Become wider Become narrower

Become farther Become narrower Become wider

Become farther Doesn't change Become wider

8) The diagram below shows the changes in the membrane potential of an axon.

Which area represents the depolarization of the membrane potential?

1 2
3 4

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology End of Year Exam - Second Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

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9) The type of the bond between nucleotides in one strand of the DNA is:

polar bond. sugar-phosphate bond.

hydrogen bond. ionic bond.

10) The statements below describe three processes in the flow of genetic information.

The correct statements are:

1 & 2 only. 1 & 3 only.

2 & 3 only. 1, 2 & 3.

11) One of the following pairs of chromosomes is homozygous for two characters:

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12) The diagram below shows the results of electrophoresis for 3 people who were tested
for the presence of sickle cell anemia protein.

The sample /s belonging to unaffected person /s by sickle cell anemia is / are:

1 2
3 1&3

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology End of Year Exam - Second Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

Question 2: Extended Responses (48 marks)

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Write your answer for each of the following questions in the space provided.
Be sure to show all your work, including the correct units where applicable.

13) The diagram below shows one of the cellular respiration stages. (7 marks)

a. Name the compounds labeled (X) and (Y).

X:

Y:

b. Write the name of the following:

(i) The process of the production of the compound labeled (X).

(ii) The reaction that produces the compound labeled (W).

(iii) The stage that will utilize the compound labeled (Z).

c. What is the number of carbon atoms in the compounds labeled (V) and (Y)?

V:

Y:

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14) The diagram below shows the light - dependent stage of photosynthesis. (5 marks)

a. Name the molecule labeled (X).

b. What is the type of the photosystem labeled (Y)?

c. What is the role of the compound labeled (Z)?

d. Where do these reactions take place in a chloroplast?

e. Predict what will happen to the rate of the light independent reactions if the
production of the compound labeled (Z) was inhibited.

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology End of Year Exam - Second Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

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15. The figure below shows the structure of a nephron. (6 marks)

a. Name the parts labeled (X) and (Y).

X:

Y:

b. (i) Which part normally contains the lowest concentration of glucose?

(ii) If the glucose concentration gets higher it may be a sign that the person has a
disease. Identify the name of that disease.

c. (i) Name the hormone that affects the permeability of the part labeled (Z).

(ii) What will be the level of that hormone in the blood of a small desert mammal?

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16) The diagram below shows the synapse between two neurones. (6 marks)

a. Name the parts labeled (1), (2) and (6):

(1):
(2):
(6):

b. Match the parts labeled (3), (4) and (5) with their functions in the table below.

Function Part

The sodium channels in the postsynaptic knob that allow

sodium ions to diffuse in the postsynaptic neurone.

The gap between two synaptic knobs that transmits the

action potential chemically.

The calcium gate that help the calcium ions to diffuse into
the presynaptic neurone.

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17) The graph below shows the permeability of an axon's membrane for ions diffusion
during the transmission of an impulse. (7 marks)

a. What is the state of the membrane potential at the points labeled (X) and (Z)?
X:

Z:

b. Between 0.5 ms and 0.7 ms permeability to sodium ions increases suddenly and
sharply, what will be the effect of this change?

c. Determine channels state at the points labeled (X) and (Y) in the table below:

X Y

Na+ channels

K+ channels

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18) Protein synthesis is the process all cells use to make proteins. (6 marks)

a. What is the site of the processes below?

(i) Transcription:

(ii) Translation:

b. Complete the two different cases (1 & 2) in the table below:

Triplet code Codon Anti-codon

1 ACC ACC

2 GAA

c. The following table shows a mutation in a DNA molecule.

Original Mutation

DNA triplet code TTT TTC

mRNA codon AAA AAG

Amino acid Lysine Lysine

Explain the effect of this mutation in the formed protein.

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology End of Year Exam - Second Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

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19) A man with blood group A (heterozygous) is married to a woman with blood
group B (heterozygous). (5 marks)

a. How many types of alleles are there in the inherited blood group gene?

b. What is the mother's genotype?

c. Using the Punnett grid, find the children's genotypes.

d. What is the probability of the birth of a boy with blood group O?

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology End of Year Exam - Second Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

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20) The diagram below shows some of the steps of insulin production technology. (6 marks)

a. What is the function of:

(i) The promoter gene.

(ii) The enzyme Ligase.

b. Write an example of a marker gene that can be used in this technology.

c. (X) and (Y) represents the process of production of insulin in a bacterial cell.
Which of them represents the enhanced production of insulin?

d. How can a blood clotting protein be produced instead of insulin?

e. There are two insulin gene of different sizes. A scientist is not sure which size
gene he has inserted in the plasmid.
Propose a method that will help the scientist to verify the size of the gene he used.

[ End of Examination ]

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology End of Year Exam - Second Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

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‫ُم َس َّو َدة‬

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Do not write in this space Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology End of Year Exam - Second Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology End of Year Exam - First Session Academic Year: 2020/2021

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‫ُم َس َّو َدة‬

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

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‫ ال يتم تصحيحها‬،‫ُم َس َّو َدة‬

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

Question 1: Multiple Choice Items (14 marks)

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There are 14 multiple-choice items worth one mark each.

Shade in the bubble (   ) next to the correct answer for each of the following items.

1) The diagram below shows one stage of protein synthesis, what are the strands
labeled A and B?

Strand A Strand B
DNA RNA

DNA DNA

RNA RNA

RNA DNA

2) What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules in protein synthesis?

Provide a template for the synthesis of messenger RNA.

Transport amino acids to DNA in the nucleus.
Transport amino acids to the ribosome.
Synthesize more transfer RNA.

3) The diagram below shows the process of translation.

The number of possible amino acids that will be in the formed polypeptide is:

169 170
219 220

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4) The table below shows the percentage of each nitrogenous base in the DNA of two
different organisms.

Percentage of each base in DNA

Organism
Adenine Guanine Thymine Cytosine

Human 30.9 X Y Z

Grasshopper 29.4 20.5 29.4 20.7

What are the percentages labeled X, Y and Z?

X Y Z

30.9 19.1 19.1

20.5 29.4 20.7

19.1 30.9 19.1

20.7 19.1 29.4

5) A cross is made between two pea plants and yields 50% dominant and 50% recessive
plants for a specific trait.
This result suggests that the parents are:
Both homozygous.
Both heterozygous.
One is homozygous recessive and the other is heterozygous.
One is homozygous dominant and the other is heterozygous.

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6) The diagram below shows three statuses of chromosomes during different subphases
of meiosis that take place in a diploid paternal cell.

Which of the following correctly describes the phases in which the three statuses of
chromosomes labeled X, Y and Z can be found?

X Y Z
Prophase I Telophase I Telophase II

Prophase I Metaphase I Telophase II

Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I

Prophase I Anaphase I Telophase I

7) What is the percentage of giving birth to a child with blood group (O), if his father's
blood group is (A) heterozygous and his mother's blood group is (B) heterozygous?

0% 25%
50% 75%

8) The coat color in rabbits has 4 different phenotypes, one of them is normal which has
4 genotypes (CC – CCH – CCA – CCCH). This type of inheritance is called:

dominance. co-dominance.
multi alleles. sex-linkage.

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9) Skin color in humans is a type of continuous variation. Which of the following correctly
describes the distribution of the alleles in the genotype and its corresponding
phenotype?

White man Light man Dark man

aabb aaBb AaBb

AABB AABb aabb

aabb Aabb AaBB

AABB aaBB aabb

10) A man with blood group (A) and his wife with blood group (B) have four children,
each with a different blood group (A, B, AB and O). Which type of variation does this
demonstrate?

Discontinuous, environmental and genetic.

Continuous, environmental and genetic.
Discontinuous and genetic only.
Continuous and genetic only.

11) Which of the following statements is FALSE about recombinant DNA?

Presents in transgenic organisms.

Presents in genetically modified organisms.
Formed by laboratory techniques, bringing together DNA from two different
sources.
Formed naturally in bacterial cells, when plasmids and bacterial DNA join
together.

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12) Identifying transformed bacteria prior to cloning is done by:

expression factors.
endonucleases.
R-plasmids.
ligases.

13) The diagram below shows the results of electrophoresis done for a normal person
and another person with sickle cell trait.

Which statement best describes the result of the person with sickle cell trait?

Only the band labeled X will present.

Only the band labeled Y will present.
Only the band labeled Z will present.
Both bands labeled Y and Z will present.

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14) The graph below shows a difference between genetically modified salmon (GM) and
non genetically modified (non-GM) salmon.

The genes that are genetically engineered into the salmon are:

vitamins enhancement genes.

herbicide resistance genes.
disease resistance genes.
growth hormone genes.

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

Extended Questions (56 marks)

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Write your answer for each of the following questions in the space provided.
Be sure to show all your work, including the correct units where applicable.

15) The strand below is for mRNA. (5 marks)

Answer the following questions using the below table of mRNA codons.

a. How many amino acids can be formed after the translation?

b. Which codon in the molecule acts as a stop codon?

c. Write the sequence of amino acids in the formed polypeptide.

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d. Write the anti-codon of t-RNA that carries the third amino acid in the polypeptide.

16) The diagram below shows a part of DNA structure. (4 marks)

a. Name the parts labeled (X and Y).

(i) (X):

(ii) (Y):

b. Determine the type of bonds labeled (1 and 2).

(1)

(2)

c. Name the process that occurs in the strands of DNA ladder to form two
molecules of double Helix.

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17) Complete the table below to show the differences between RNA and DNA. (2 marks)

RNA DNA

Number of strands

Different Nitrogenous base

18) The diagram below shows gene mutation in DNA strand that will be transcribed into
mRNA. (4 marks)

Original strand TAC CGC TGA GCC CAC GTC ATT

Mutant TAC CGC TGA GCC CAC GTC ATC

a. Write the triplet code before and after mutation:

Normal triplet code:

Mutant triplet code:

b. Is this mutation harmful or harmless? Explain your answer.

c. What is the effect of this mutation on the formed polypeptide?

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

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19) A DNA molecule contains 21000 nucleotides. One strand is used to form one mRNA
molecule. (3 marks)

a. What is the number of nitrogenous bases in the formed mRNA?

b. Calculate the number of codons that will be in the formed mRNA?

20) The diagram below shows one phase of meiosis. (5 marks)

a. Name this phase.

b. Name the parts Labeled (X and Y):

(i) (X):

(ii) (Y):

c. What is the process that occurs in the previous phase and important for genetic
variation in offspring?

d. Name the phase that follows this phase.

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21) A pea plant that is heterozygous for purple flowers and homozygous for yellow seeds
was crossed with a plant that is heterozygous for purple flowers with green seeds.
 (5 marks)
Use the genetic diagram to show the genotypes of Purple flowers: dominant = P
the parents and progeny White flowers: recessive = p
Yellow seeds: dominant = Y
Green seeds: recessive = y

Phenotypes of Heterozygous purple flower x Heterozygous purple flower

parents: and homozygous yellow with green seeds
seeds
Genotypes of x
parents:

gametes

22) A haemophiliac man is married to a woman who is a haemophilia carrier. (4 marks)

a. Use the genetic diagram to show the genotypes of the progeny.

Phenotypes of parents: Haemophiliac man ( ) x Carrier female ( )

b. What is the percentage of chance of having haemophiliac daughter?

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c. Explain why it is impossible to be a carrier male?

23) The diagram below shows the inheritance pattern of albinism. (3 marks)

a. Explain how mutation in the gene of parental chromosome has impact on the
phenotype.

b. Is the mutated allele recessive or dominant? Show one evidence from the diagram.

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24) The table below gives some information about two species of palm tree that live in
two different environments. (2 marks)

Howea forsteriana Howea belmoreana

Optimum pH of the soil for

pH 8 pH 6
growth of the palm tree

Height above sea level of most

30 to 60 metres Above 120 metres
common habitat

Month when most palm

October December
trees flower

Method of pollination Wind Wind

Suggest two of the environmental differences that may affect the phenotypes of
these two species.

25) Write in the table below, the type of the variation of the provided human
characteristics. (3 marks)

Characteristic Variation type

Body weight

Height

Ability to roll tongue (able OR not able)

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

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26) A species of snail lived 400 million years ago. Scientists measured the width of 49
fossil shells of this snail. The bar chart shows the scientists' results. (4 marks)

a. What is the range of the values for the width of the fossil shells for this species?

b. What sort of variation is shown in the bar chart?

c. Explain the genetic base for this kind of variation?

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27) In some people, the lack of a particular enzyme causes a disease. Scientists are
attempting to use bacteria to produce this enzyme for the treatment of people with
the disease. (3 marks)

a. Which row in the table below best describes the sequence of steps the scientists
would most likely follow?

Step A Step B Step C Step D

Insert the gene Remove the Extract the

(1) Identify the gene
into a bacterium gene enzyme

Insert the gene Identify Remove the Extract the

(2)
into a bacterium the gene gene enzyme

Remove Insert the gene Extract the

(3) Identify the gene
the gene into a bacterium enzyme

Extract the Insert the gene

(4) Remove the gene Identify the gene
enzyme into a bacterium

b. Name this technology.

c. Write one advantage of using this technology?

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28) The diagram below shows part of insulin production technology. (6 marks)

a. Name the parts labeled (X and Y):

X:
Y:

b. Name the enzyme that is needed in the step labeled (1).

c. Predict what will happen in the following cases:

(1) Absence of DNA ligase in the step labeled (2).

(2) A scientist didn’t do any identifying to the transformed bacteria resulted from
the step labeled (3).

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29) The figure bellow shows the steps of DNA electrophoresis. (3 marks)

a. Name the part labeled (A).

(A):

b. Explain the principle of electrophoresis separation shown in the step labeled (2).

c. Determine the fragments (X OR Y) in the step labeled (3) as:

(i) Small (shortest) fragments:

(ii) Large (longest) fragments:

[ End of Examination ]

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology First Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

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‫ُم َس َّو َدة‬

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

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‫ ال يتم تصحيحها‬،‫ُم َس َّو َدة‬

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

Question 1: Multiple Choice Items (14 marks)

Do not write in this space

There are 14 multiple-choice items worth one mark each.

Shade in the bubble ( ) next to the correct answer for each of the following items.

1) The figure below shows DNA replication. Which of the following represents the
enzymes labeled (X) and (Y)?

X Y

DNA ligase DNA helicase

DNA polymerase DNA helicase

DNA polymerase DNA ligase

DNA helicase DNA polymerase

2) What is the function of ribosome molecules in protein synthesis?

Transport amino acids to messenger RNA.

Transport amino acids to DNA in the nucleus.
Provide a template for the synthesis of messenger RNA.
Reading of the mRNA codons and forming of the ploypeptide.

3) What is the possible number of amino acids that could be produced from a double
stranded DNA of 26,000 nucleotides?

4330 8660
12900 25800

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

Question 1 continued

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4) The table below shows the number of bases in a DNA molecule.

Strands Adenine Guanine

1st Strand 2300 4800

2st Strand 3100 7800

Which of the following is correct about Thymine and Cytosine?

Strands Thymine Cytosine

1st 3100 7800

2nd 2300 4800

1st 2300 4800

2nd 3100 7800

1st 4800 2300

2nd 7800 3100

1st 7800 2300

2nd 4800 3100

5) A cross is made between two pea plants and yields 100% dominant plants for a
specific trait. This result suggests that the parents are:

Both heterozygous.
Both homozygous recessive.
One is homozygous recessive and the other is heterozygous.
One is homozygous dominant and the other is heterozygous.

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

Question 1 continued
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6) The diagram below shows a phase of meiosis I in a cell.

Which of the following represents the number of
chromosomes and chromatids in the cells resulting from
meiosis I in this cell?

Chromosomes number Chromatids number

4 4

4 8

2 4

4 2

7) What is the percentage of giving birth to a child with blood group (O), if his father's
blood group is (A) heterozygous and his mother is (O)?

0% 25%
50% 75%

8) In Snap Dragon plants, the plants with red flowers have the genotype (RR), with white
flowers (WW) and with purple flowers (RW). This type of inheritance is called:

multi-genes dominance
sex-linkage co-dominance

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

Question 1 continued

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9) All of the following human features are controlled by polygenes EXCEPT:

color blindness. skin color.

height. weight.

10) A species is most susceptible to lose genetic diversity when it is:

numerous and widespread.

numerous and restricted to one area.
small in number and widespread.
small in number and restricted to one area.

11) Which of the following statements is correct about Glyphosate?

It has a very high toxicity for animal life

It is a powerful systemic herbicide
it activates an enzyme essential for the production of amino acids
It has a very high toxicity on soil bacteria when reaching the soil

12) One of the following is not a product of genetic technology:

Bt maize cloned sheep

vitamin-A enhanced rice herbicide resistance crops

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

Question 1 continued
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13) The figure below shows the DNA profiles of four different individuals. (A, B, C and D)
Which of the following statements is consistent with the results?

B is the child of A and C

C is the child of A and B
B is the child of A and D
A is the child of B and D

14) The figure below shows the steps of transferring an insulin gene into a bacterial
plasmid.

Which step will be changed if this technique was used to treat hemophilia?

Hemoglobin gene will be fused with the plasmid.

Transgenic bacteria with Ti plasmid will be used.
Unaltered plasmids would be introduced into bacterial cells.
Genes of blood clotting proteins will be extracted from the human DNA.

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

Question 2: Extended Questions (56 marks)

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Write your answer for each of the following questions in the space provided.
Be sure to show all your work, including the correct units where applicable.

15) The following strand is for mRNA. (5.5 marks)

CCG – CAG – CAU – AAU – UGA
Answer the following questions using the table below of mRNA codons.

a. Write the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA strand which was used to
transcribe this mRNA?

b. Name the process that is used to convert the genetic message in this mRNA into
a polypeptide.

c. Write the sequence of amino acids in the formed polypeptide.

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

Question 2 continued
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16) The diagram below shows a nucleic acid. (4 marks)

a. Name this type of nucleic acids.

b. Choose the correct answer:

(i) The nitrogenous bases labeled (X) could be:

Adenine and thymine Guanine and cytosine

(ii) The nitrogenous base labeled (Y) belongs to purines OR pyrimidines?

c. Explain why the two strands are antiparallel?

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

Question 2 continued

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17) A protein of 100 amino acids, 20 of them are methionine, and the rest are divided
equally between: (serine, glutamine, arginine, valine, proline, histidine, leucine and
tryptophan). (4.5 marks)

a. How many amino acid types are there in this protein?

b. How many times is the amino acid proline repeated in the protein?

c. Find out the number of nitrogenous bases included in the translation. Show your
calculations.

18) The diagram below shows the gene mutation that causes sickle cell anaemia.
(5 marks)

a. Which of the diagrams (A OR B) represents the mutant hemoglobin DNA.

b. Identify how this change happens within the gene?

c. Explain the effect of the new amino acid on the shape of red blood cells.

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

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d. Explain why sickle cell anaemia patients can get tired easily after doing physical
exercises.

19) The diagram below shows one phase of meiosis. (3 marks)

a. Name the process labeled (X).

b. How many cells will be produced from the phase following this phase?

c. Explain how the daughter cells are genetically different from the original parent
cell?

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

Question 2 continued

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20) The diagram below shows gametogenesis in humans. (4 marks)

a. Name the following:

(i) The process labeled (X):

(ii) The cell labeled (Z):

b. What is the chromosomal number in the cell labeled (Z)?

c. Explain how the cell labeled (Y) can form a new individual?

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

Question 2 continued
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21) A pea plant that is heterozygous for a tall stem and homozygous for round seeds was
crossed with a plant that is homozygous for a tall stem with wrinkled seeds. (5 marks)
Use the genetic diagram to show the genotypes
Tall: dominant = T
of the parents and progeny.
Dwarf: recessive = t

Round seeds: dominant = R

Wrinkled seeds: recessive = r

Phenotypes of parents: 
Heterozygous tall plant   ×   homozygous tall plant
and homozygous round seeds    with wrinkled seeds
Genotypes of parents:   × 

Gametes

22) A man with normal colour vision is married to a woman affected with colour blindness.
 (4 marks)

a. Use the genetic diagram to show the genotypes of the offspring.

Phenotypes of parents: Normal man ( )   ×   Colour blind female ( )

b. What is the percentage of chance of having a colour blind daughter?

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

Question 2 continued

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23) The diagram below shows the influence of environment on the phenotype (sex) in
turtle's eggs to determine the sex of the offspring. (3 marks)

a. What is the variation type?

b. What is the environmental factor that affects this variation? Explain your answer.

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

Question 2 continued
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24) The dog-whelk is a type of sea snail. It lives on rocky shores in temperate climates.
The graphs show the variation in shell height in two different populations, one from a
rocky shore exposed to strong wave action and the other from a sheltered rocky
shore. Shell height was measured as shown in the diagram below.
 (6 marks)

a. What is the type of variation shown in the graphs? Provide one evidence from the
graph.

b. What could be the genetic basis of this variation?

c. In a follow-up investigation, it was found that dog-whelks on the sheltered shore

had much thicker shells than those on the exposed shore. On the sheltered shore,
there were more crabs, which are predators of dog-whelks. Why?

d. Describe how the environment could account for this difference in shell wall
thickness.

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools, Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

Question 2 continued

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25) The diagram below shows the electrophoresis of haemoglobin variants. (3 marks)

a. Which of the three results (1, 2 OR 3) represents haemoglobin found in a normal

individual?

b. What is the principle of work of this method?

c. State two uses of this method in DNA studies.

26) Genetic engineering has been widely used to produce insulin. (6 marks)

a. Describe the role of insulin in the human body.

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 Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

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b. State two advantages of treating diabetes with genetically engineered human

insulin.

c. Outline the steps in the genetic engineering of insulin.

27) In the USA, about 35% of all maize that is grown has been genetically modified
to produce a toxin, called Bt toxin. Genes for production of this toxin have been
transferred from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. (3 marks)

a. State two advantages for growing Bt maize.

b. Explain why the toxin gene was extracted from this bacteria.

[ End of Examination ]

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Diploma, Bilingual Private Schools,  Biology Second Session – Second Semester Academic Year: 2018/2019

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‫ُم َس َّو َدة‬

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