Melvin Anthony 2102022020080

Research Methodology
(DRS20503)
ASSIGNMENT 1

Received Date : 16 February 2023

Submission Date : 3/3/2023
Weightage : 15 %
Semester : February 2023
Lecturer : Dr Jaquelin

Instruction to students:
• This is an Individual assignment.

• Complete this cover sheet and attach it to your assignment (first page).

Student declaration:

I declare that:
• This assignment is my own work

• I understand what is meant by plagiarism

• My lecturer has the right to deduct my marks in the case of:

- Late submission
- Any plagiarism found in my assignment.

Name Student ID

Melvin Anthony 2102022020080

MARKS: Task 1:

Task2:

Comment:
Melvin Anthony 2102022020080

ARTICLE 1
Title : Information Management System with the Application to Tourism Management in the
Period of circular economy
Author : Guo Pingi
Year : 2011

Purpose
This article discuss about the use of IMS (information management system) in tourism
management why it was implemented in the first place , as well as the weaknesses and
challenges of IMS and the tourism management system itself. Other than that, its also discuss
on how to improve in the future.
Gap
To determine the effectiveness using IMS (information management system) in tourism, also to
find the issues on using IMS.
Sampling
It appears that the article used a convenience sampling method to recruit 100 participants.The
primary target was tourism enterprises in China.
Data Collection
The authors collected data through questionnaire survey and literature review to analysed the
result of the effectiveness of IMS and the practices of using IMS (information management
system)
Data analysis
The authors use descriptive analysis approach to evaluate the effectiveness and issues of IMS
applied to tourism management. Descriptive analysis are use to summarizing the data that are
collected by the authors. Other than that, authors use mixed method of research, literature
review are on information system systems use for IMS on issues related to challenges, benefits
and development. The quantitatif data analysis focused on the satisfaction of IMS and policy
recommendation.
Finding and limitation
The study show overall satisfaction on IMS in tourism management were satisfied however the
study also shows the need of improving on the use of IMS in tourism management especially in
the strategic planning and supply chain. The limitation is the sample is small especially when
you are researching big population place in china which this limit the generalizability of the
research larger sample is necessary.
Melvin Anthony 2102022020080

ARTICLE 2
Title : Improved Tourism Recommendation System
Author : Zihao Pu, Hongyu Du, Duanyu Feng, Sizhe Yu
Year : 2020
Purpose
The purpose of this article is to explain the tourism recommendation system, why it is popular,
and how the recommendation calculation works. It also introduces a new type of formula
calculation that has the potential to improve the tourism recommendation system. It also
describes the system's shortcomings, conducts research on the system's use in the country to
gain a better understanding of the system, and finally discusses future improvements to the
system itself.
Gap
The articles discuss about having a new form of formula calculation that improve the tourism
recommendation system therefore to judge whether the new formula calculation is more
accurate for the recommendation system
Sampling
It appears that the article used convenience sampling method to recruit 191 participants in the
22 cities with the highest tourism popularity in China.
Data Collection
The authors collected data throught questionnaire survey and the image perception of
participants after travelling to analyse the capability on how accurate is the recommendation
system and how effective it is.
Data analysis
The authors use descriptive analysis approach to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy
aswell as issues of recommendation system in tourism. Descriptive analysis used to summarize
the data that the author got from the questionnaire that they have collected. Other than that, the
quantitative analysis focused on the participants preferences and intent city that the responded
want to go but not yet visited.
Finding and limitation
The study show that the new calculation in the recommendation system in tourism does improve
the overall system recommendation system therefore the study shows the need of improving on
the recommendation on the tourism system. The limitation of the article is the scope of the
questionnaire can be expended more therefore making the recommended system more relevant
to the individual.
Melvin Anthony 2102022020080

ARTICLE 3
Title : Tourism cloud management system: the impact of smart tourism
Author : Xuefei Gu
Year : 2021

Purpose
This article discuss about the use of tourism cloud management system, why it was
implemented and how does tourism cloud management system impact the tourism industry. The
article also discuses on how to enhance tourism cloud management system for better tourism
experience.
Gap
Explorinng the effectiveness and adaptation of tourism cloud management system in enhancing
tourist experiences. Other than that, examine the opportunities associated with the
implementation of TCMS.

Sampling
The authors used convenience sampling method to 200 participants in China and the primary
target was the tourists.

Data Collection
The authors collected data through questionnaire survey to analyse the effectiveness of TCMS
(tourism cloud management system) such as quality of life, communication in foreign lands.

Data analysis
The authors uses a descriptive approach which is using survey with a questionnaire to collect
the data. Other than that, the authors use SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences)
which is a statistical software used for advance analytics, data management, business
intelligence and multivariate analysis.

Finding and limitation

The study shows that overall satisfaction on TCMS (tourism cloud management system) were
satisfied and only a few of them where very unsatisfied. Other than that, it also shows that
there’s more potential improvement can be made on TCMS. However, the limitation is small
data sample therefore there is not enough data do make justification.
Melvin Anthony 2102022020080

ARTICLE 4
Title : eTourism Developments in Greece: Information Communication Technologies adoption
for the strategic management of the Greek tourism industry
Author : Dimitros Buhalis
Year : 2004

Purpose
This article discuss about the development of ICT in strategic managment of tourism industry. Its
describes about how etourism concept and technique can contribute towards the improvement
of Greek tourism industry. Other than that, it also discuss the structural problems and
challenges.
Gap
To determine whether the use of eTourism is effective or not and also implementation of ICT is
worth and does it actually improve the tourism industry.

Sampling
The uses 2 sampling method which is the first method is convenience sampling where to select
the initial sample of tourism organizations with online presence, 348 websites representing
hotels, travel agencies and other tourism enterprises. The second sampling method is
judgmental sampling for the selection of interviewees for second stage of research which
consisting of 28 interviews.

Data Collection
The authors collect the data through questionnaire and interviews to analyse the effectiveness
of eTourism.

Data analysis
The authors use descriptive analysis approach to evaluate the effectiveness of eTourism .
Descriptive analysis are use to summarizing the data that are collected by authors and use
SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) which is a statistical software used for
advance analytics, data management, business intelligence and multivariate analysis as well.
Melvin Anthony 2102022020080

Finding and limitation

According to the findings, etourism requires more development, particularly in terms of emerging
etourism trends. Aside from that, it demonstrates that the effectiveness of eTourism can have a
significant impact on the tourism industry. The limitation demonstrates that the data collected
from the 348 website may not be accurate, resulting in some data inaccuracy, and that the
sample size for interviews is small, making generalisation judgement impossible.
Melvin Anthony 2102022020080

ARTICLE 5
Title : E-destinations: Global best practice in tourism technologies and applications.
Author : Dimitrios Buhalis, Ramona Wagner
Year : 2013

Purpose
The article discuss ae use of DMS (destination management system) in tourism management,
why it was implemented, challenges on using DMS , how effective it is and how can be improve
in the future
Gap
To determine whether DMS (Destination management system) is effective in tourism and what
can be improved in future development. Aside from that, it was a method of benchmarking
global e-destinations and establishing best practise examples.

Sampling
The articles shows uses mixed sampling method which is purposive sampling and snowball
sampling, purposive sampling used to gather 30 internation tourism destination from articles,
expert opinion. Meanwhile snowball sampling are used to recruit 50 international respondents.

Data Collection
The authors collect data through questionnaires and benchmark analysis to analyze the
effectiveness of DMS and future recommendation development of DMS..

Data analysis
The authors employ a descriptive analysis approach to assess the efficacy of DMS (destination
management systems) in tourism. Aside from that, the authors employ qualitative data analysis
to provide insights into DMS critical success factors and recommendations future development.

Finding and limitation

The study show overall satisfaction on the use of DMS in tourism were satisfied however it also
show that there more potential development for the system in the future especially in the
implementing ICT in DMS. Limitation shows that authors use benchmark analysis from article
and web therefore in accuracy of data could effect the overall research and small sample size
limit generalization power.
Melvin Anthony 2102022020080

ARTICLE 6
Title : The Value and Scope of Geographical Information Systems in Tourism Management
Author : David Mcadam
Year : 2010

Purpose
The article discuss about the the use of Geographical information System (GIS) in tourism
management, why it has been implemented and the functionally, Other than that, it also discuss
the scope and value of GIS in tourism planning.
Gap
To get a better understanding how the information GIS being used to support decision making.
Other than that, to get familarise with GIS system.

Sampling
The authors use purposive sampling to gather 40 selected a specific group of tourism
consultant,the sample was selected based on their expertise and experience in environmental
planning and management, rural development projects and sustainable tourism management.

Data Collection
The authors collect data throught questionnaires to analyse the scope and value of GIS in
tourism management

Data analysis
The authors employ a descriptive analysis approach to evaluate the GIS system in tourism
management. Descriptive analysis are use to summarize the data that are collected by the
authors. The qualitative analysis focused on the level of awareness and adoption of GIS.

Finding and limitation

Study show that tourism consultant did fully utilized GIS system. However , its shows that the
use of GIS system can make impact in the tourism management especially in the tourist
planning projects. The sample size is small which limit generalization power.
Melvin Anthony 2102022020080

ARTICLE 7
Title : Knowledge map for tourist destinations—needs and implications
Author : Yuldashev Kamol Sharifovich
Year : 2021

Purpose
The article discuss about destination knowledge management in tourism management, it
describe about the usefulness of this system in the tourism, hows this system can impact the
tourist quality of service.
Gap
To build knowledge maps and examine the issues of destination knowledge management
system in tourism and whether or not is worth the implementation in tourism management.

Sampling
The authors used convenience sampling method to recruit 700 participant to gather from 4
distinct tourist destination in Korea.

Data Collection
The authors collect data in two ways: the first is to generate structure knowledge maps
requirements, problems, causes, and effects, and the second is to collect data through
questionnaires for performance level destination, and importance of knowledge maps.
Data analysis
The authors used a combination of qualitative and quantitative data analysis, the authors also
deploy descriptive analysis approach to evaluate the effectiveness of destination knowledge
management in tourism. Authors also uses ANOVA and MANOVA analysis as well.

Finding and limitation

Study shows that there are few issues that need to be solve in the destination knowledge
management in tourism and need to be update continuously to ensuring tourist quality of
service. Limitation shows that the sample size is small therefore limit the data collected and
generalization power.
Melvin Anthony 2102022020080

ARTICLE 8
Title : After the Epidemic, Is the Smart Traffic Management System a Key Factor in Creating a
Green Leisure and Tourism Environment in the Move towards Sustainable Urban Development?
Author : Hsiao-Hsien Lin , I-Cheng Hsu , Tzu-Yun Lin , Le-Ming Tung , Ying Ling
Year : 2022

Purpose
The article discusses the application of smart tourism transportation system in the tourism
development system, how the system affects tourism development, and how to create a green
leisure to tourism environment for sustainable urban development.
Gap
To justify the use of smart tourism transportation system could effect the tourism development
and identify the value of smart tourism transportation system.

Sampling
The authors used a mixed sampling method of snowballing and convenience sampling to recruit
750 respondents, and the main research was conducted in Fuzhou, China, and Fujian Province.
The target of respondent is college students.
Data Collection
The authors collect the data through questionnaire survey and literature review to analyse the
value of smart tourism transportation system
Data analysis
The authors use a quantitative analysis consist of questionnairs collected and qualitative
research to collect the opinions of six experts on data result. Authors use ANOVA test and
PPMCC (Pearson product -moment correlation coefficient) use to analyse the data.
Finding and limitation
Study shows that smart tourism transportation system improved on tourism development and
moving tourism environment to a sustainable urban development, however some flaw need to
fix on the system especially during peak period of the system where it took a while for the
system to respond. Limitation shows that it only research in a specific state therefore not
enough data sample to analyze.
Melvin Anthony 2102022020080

ARTICLE 9
Title : Impact of Mobile Applications in Changing the Tourist Experience
Author : Sónia Dias, Victor Alves Afonso
Year : 2020-2021

Purpose
The article discuss about the mobile application in the tourism industry, it also discuss about the
how does mobile technology impact on the tourism experience and the benefits and motivations
of using mobile technology
Gap
To analyse how does the mobile technology effect the experience as well as identifying the
benefits and motivation of using travel application.

Sampling
The articles shows that it uses convenience sampling to gather 110 respondents and the main
audience is the portuguese tourist that have already using mobile travel application
Data Collection
The authors collect the data through questionnaire to analyze the effect of mobile technology in
tourism experience and benefits and motivations of using the travel application

Data analysis
Authors use descriptive analysis method to evaluate the effect of mobile technology in tourism
experience. Descriptive analysis use to summarizing the data that collected by authors. Authors
also use inferential statistics to understand the patterns and trends of the data.

Finding and limitation

Study shows that mobile technology can enhance tourist experiences and provide an insights
into the attitudes and perception from the tourist. It also shows that the system can be improve
in the future. The limitation of small sample collection and potential biases in the data collection
process.
Melvin Anthony 2102022020080

ARTICLE 10
Title : ADOPTION OF MOBILE APPLICATIONS FOR IDENTIFYING TOURISM
DESTINATIONS BY TRAVELLERS: AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
Author : Tung-Sheng KUO1, Kuo-Chung HUANG, Thang Quyet NGUYEN,
Phuc Hung NGUYEN*
Year : 2018-2019

Purpose
The article discuss about the use of technology acceptance model (TAM) in mobile tourism, how
does TAM effect on tourism industry and understanding the difference between behavior and
adoption. The article also discuss the attitudes and intention of TAM toward mobile tourism.
Gap
To analyse how TAM effect in mobile tourism and understanding user intentions on using TAM
as well as hows consumer adopt mobile tourism apps.

Sampling
The articles show that convenience sampling to recruit 650 participants. The primary target was
the tourists that known about tourism mobile in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Data Collection
The authors collect the data through questionnaire survey to analyse the effect of TAM
(technology acceptance model) in mobile tourism.

Data analysis
The authors use descriptive analysis approach to evaluate the effectiveness of TAM in tourism
mobile. Authors also use SPSS and SmartPLS to analyze the data that have been collected.

Finding and limitation

Study shows that the use of TAM in mobile tourism have many factors that determine the impact
of mobile users in tourism however they are some need to issues in the system need to be
improve. Limitation is the developed scale should be checked in a more diverse samples from
different countries and regions.
Melvin Anthony 2102022020080

ARTICLE 11
Title : Determination of the opinions of students on Tourism impact using Mobile Applications
Author : Huseyin Bicena, Saide Sadikoglu
Year : 2015

Purpose
This article discuss about the opinions on using tourism mobile application. How does tourism
mobile app can benefit them when travelling.
Gap
To examine students' perspectives on the impact of tourism via mobile applications and the
benefits they gain from using them.

Sampling
The authors use convenience sampling to gather 352 students from Near East University,
Turkey.

Data Collection
Authors collect data through questionnaires that made on five-point Likert 20 positive
statements to analyze students on impact of mobile application in tourism.

Data analysis
The authors analyse the questionnaire by using a SPSS which is a analysis software and is
been describe in frequency and descriptive statistics.

Finding and limitation

Study shows that mobile application in tourism does improve. The limitation is small sample size
for data analysis.
Melvin Anthony 2102022020080

ARTICLE 12
Title : Determinants of behavioral intention to use the Personalized Location-based Mobile
Tourism Application: An empirical study by integrating TAM with ISSM
Author : Chia-Chen Chen, Jia-Lun Tsai
Year : 2017

Purpose
This article discuss about using personalized location based system in mobile tourism
application. Why is this system is implemented in location based, how it works and does it effect
mobile tourism.
Gap
Study shows to analyze the users intention on using PLMTA (Personalized location based
mobile tourism application)

Sampling
The authors use convenience sampling and gather 213 participant in Taichung area..

Data Collection
The authors use questionnaire to collect data and analyze the users intention on using PLMTA

Data analysis
The authors use descriptive analysis to analyze the users intention on using PLMTA

Finding and limitation

Study shows that PLMTA (Personalized Location-based Mobile Tourism Application) can
justified the user intention and ease of use. The limitation is the research is conducted in
Taichung area therefore not alot of sample size.
Melvin Anthony 2102022020080

ARTICLE 13
Title : Design and Implementation of Smart Tourism Service Platform from the Perspective of
Artificial Intelligence
Author : Qi Li, Yi Zhang
Year : 2022

Purpose
The article discuss about the development of a smart tourism service platform that uses AI
(artificial intelligence) recognition technology and automatic program design.
Gap
The use of AI in smart tourism system as a way to provide intelligent service and improve the
management of tourism destination and analyzing platform effectiveness.

Sampling
The authors use convenience sampling to gather 2000 tourists. The target is tourist in science
sport in WeChat planform and other internet platform.

Data Collection
Authors use questionnaire to collect data that analyze the effectiveness of AI in smart tourism
system.

Data analysis
Authors use descriptive analysis to evaluate the effectiveness in AI in smart tourism and the
quantitatif analysis focus on satisfaction of AI in smart tourism

Finding and limitation

The study show overall satisfaction on AI in smart tourism were satisfied however the study
also shows the need of improving on the use of AI in smart tourism. The limitation sample size is
small therefore limit generalization power.
Melvin Anthony 2102022020080

ARTICLE 14
Title : Effects of Mobile Design Quality and Innovation Characteristics on Intention to Use
Mobile Tourism Guide
Author : Numtip Trakulmaykee, Ahmad Suhaimi Baharudin, Muhammad Rafie Mohd. Arshad
Year : 2013

Purpose
The article discuss about the effect of mobile design quality and innovation characteristic on
mobile tourism guide (MTG) and intention of use MTG.
Gap
The article discuss about investigating the factors that influence tourist intention on using mobile
tourism guide (MTG).

Sampling
The authors use convenience sampling to gather 708 respondents. The main target is the
internation tourist who visited Thailand.

Data Collection
The authors use self-administered questionnaires and the questionnaires is based on 7 point
Likert scale on analyze factors that influence tourist intention on MTG( Mobile tourism guide)

Data analysis
The authors used the software SmartPLS 2.0 to evaluate the data in two steps, which included
measurement analysis and model analysis.

Finding and limitation

Study shows, the innovative and high-quality aspects of mobile design have a big impact on
travellers' intentions to use mobile applications.The limitation is that it solely focuses on foreign
visitors to Thailand, which restricts the applicability of the findings to other populations and
situations.
Melvin Anthony 2102022020080

ARTICLE 15
Title : Mobile Tourism Application Using Augmented Reality
Author : Riri Safitri, Deska Setiawan Yusra, Denny Hermawan, Endang Ripmiatin, Winangsari
Pradani
Year : 2017

Purpose
The article discuss about implementing augmented reality in mobile tourism application, how
does it work and how does this augmented reality provided value in mobile tourism application
Gap
To find a solution on the lack of information and promotion of tourism in the previous mobile
tourism application. Other than that, to analyse effectiveness of implementing augmented reality.

Sampling
The authors use random sampling to gather 50 people and majority of them are students and
employee.

Data Collection
The authors use questionnaires based on likert scale to anayse the effectiveness of
implementing augmented reality in mobile tourist application.

Data analysis
The authors use descriptive analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementing
augmented reality in mobile tourist application.

Finding and limitation

A study shows that adopting augmented reality benefits users and provides a new way of
obtaining information about tourism. The limitation is the sample which limit the generalizability.