The document outlines distress and urgency communication procedures for pilots encountering difficulties. It discusses:
1) How pilots can obtain assistance by contacting the air traffic facility in whose area they are operating and stating the nature of difficulty, intentions, and assistance desired.
2) Procedures for distress (MAYDAY) and urgency (PAN-PAN) communications, including having absolute/priority over other communications.
3) Steps a pilot should take to obtain emergency assistance, such as climbing for better communications if possible, continuing to squawk transponder codes, and contacting the nearest tower if the initial facility does not respond.
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Aim 441
The document outlines distress and urgency communication procedures for pilots encountering difficulties. It discusses:
1) How pilots can obtain assistance by contacting the air traffic facility in whose area they are operating and stating the nature of difficulty, intentions, and assistance desired.
2) Procedures for distress (MAYDAY) and urgency (PAN-PAN) communications, including having absolute/priority over other communications.
3) Steps a pilot should take to obtain emergency assistance, such as climbing for better communications if possible, continuing to squawk transponder codes, and contacting the nearest tower if the initial facility does not respond.
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6/17/21
AIM
Section 3. Distress and Urgency Procedures
6−3−1. Distress and Urgency and rescue coordinator if warranted. Responsibility
Communications will be transferred to another station only if better handling will result. a. A pilot who encounters a distress or urgency condition can obtain assistance simply by contacting g. All other stations, aircraft and ground, will the air traffic facility or other agency in whose area of continue to listen until it is evident that assistance is responsibility the aircraft is operating, stating the being provided. If any station becomes aware that the nature of the difficulty, pilot’s intentions and station being called either has not received a distress
assistance desired. Distress and urgency communica or urgency message, or cannot communicate with the tions procedures are prescribed by the International aircraft in difficulty, it will attempt to contact the Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), however, and aircraft and provide assistance. have decided advantages over the informal procedure h. Although the frequency in use or other described above. frequencies assigned by ATC are preferable, the b. Distress and urgency communications proce following emergency frequencies can be used for dures discussed in the following paragraphs relate to distress or urgency communications, if necessary or the use of air ground voice communications. desirable: 121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz. Both have a range c. The initial communication, and if considered generally limited to line of sight. 121.5 MHz is necessary, any subsequent transmissions by an guarded by direction finding stations and some aircraft in distress should begin with the signal military and civil aircraft. 243.0 MHz is guarded by MAYDAY, preferably repeated three times. The military aircraft. Both 121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz are signal PAN−PAN should be used in the same manner guarded by military towers, most civil towers, and for an urgency condition.
radar facilities. Normally ARTCC emergency d. Distress communications have absolute priority frequency capability does not extend to radar over all other communications, and the word coverage limits. If an ARTCC does not respond when MAYDAY commands radio silence on the frequency called on 121.5 MHz or 243.0 MHz, call the nearest in use. Urgency communications have priority over tower. all other communications except distress, and the word PAN−PAN warns other stations not to interfere 6−3−2. Obtaining Emergency Assistance with urgency transmissions. a. A pilot in any distress or urgency condition e. Normally, the station addressed will be the should immediately take the following action, not air traffic facility or other agency providing air traffic necessarily in the order listed, to obtain assistance: services, on the frequency in use at the time. If the pilot is not communicating and receiving services, 1. Climb, if possible, for improved communica
the station to be called will normally be the air traffic tions, and better radar and direction finding detection. facility or other agency in whose area of responsibil However, it must be understood that unauthorized ity the aircraft is operating, on the appropriate climb or descent under IFR conditions within assigned frequency. If the station addressed does not controlled airspace is prohibited, except as permitted respond, or if time or the situation dictates, the by 14 CFR Section 91.3(b). distress or urgency message may be broadcast, or a 2. If equipped with a radar beacon transponder collect call may be used, addressing “Any Station (civil) or IFF/SIF (military): (Tower)(Radio)(Radar).” (a) Continue squawking assigned Mode A/3 f. The station addressed should immediately discrete code/VFR code and Mode C altitude
acknowledge a distress or urgency message, provide encoding when in radio contact with an air traffic assistance, coordinate and direct the activities of facility or other agency providing air traffic services, assisting facilities, and alert the appropriate search unless instructed to do otherwise.