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During the 19th century in the Philippines: - The country was governed by Spain and society was divided into classes with Spaniards at the top. - The political system was corrupt and Filipinos had no power or right to elect their own leaders. - Taxation involved forced labor and tribute payments. The educational system was influenced by the Catholic church. Over time, the Philippines transitioned to a democratic country but still struggles with issues like corruption.

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60 views

Project 1

During the 19th century in the Philippines: - The country was governed by Spain and society was divided into classes with Spaniards at the top. - The political system was corrupt and Filipinos had no power or right to elect their own leaders. - Taxation involved forced labor and tribute payments. The educational system was influenced by the Catholic church. Over time, the Philippines transitioned to a democratic country but still struggles with issues like corruption.

Uploaded by

Seve Hanes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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“19th Century Philippines in terms: system of governance, education and taxation.

The Philippines was under the Spaniards' ruling for over 300 years. With that being

said, those years had an extreme effect on how the Philippines is in the present time.

The Philippines during the 19th century is different from the Philippines now. There were

changes, yet some of the culture and practices are still evident as they remained to be

followed and done up until the present time.

During the 19th century, the Philippines was under the governance of the spaniards.

People were divided into different classes. Ranked at the top of the hierarchy or the

highest class are the spaniards. The Spanish officials, full blooded Spaniards born in

Spain. The religious order of men, the Friars, or whom we commonly call “priests”.

Then next is the middle class, The Natives or pure Filipinos and the Mestizos who are

mixed Filipinos with the ancestry of European and or Chinese. And Then lastly, there is

the lowest class which includes what they call “Indios”, who are the poor Filipinos.

As for the Political system in the Philippines during the 19th century, the power of the

Spaniards was abused. Corruption and wasting the funds of the Filipinos are evident

back in the 19th century. Basically, Filipinos had no power and right to appoint people to

govern them, unlike today, where People can now vote, both men and women. Also,

women can run for a position in the government, unlike back in the 19th century, women

were not allowed to have a position in the government. The Philippines has become a
democratic country. But despite that, corruption and discrimination against women

leaders is still evident in the present as it is one of the current problems our country has.

When it comes to taxation in the 19th century, polo y servicio, forced labor, was one of

the ways to pay taxes. But people would usually do “tributo” ; they would pay about 8 to

10 reales. But then Spain replaced it with a cedula to keep track of the people who pay

taxes. In the present, during the Duterte Administration, Duterte signed the TRAIN law,

wherein all taxpayers with an annual income less than or equal to 250,000 pesos are

exempted to pay taxes.

The educational system back in the 19th century was extremely influenced by the

Catholic religion as the Friars are powerful and influential people. They were also

responsible for the education of the people. Education back then was highly influenced

by catholicism. Also, the educational system back then was not as good as how it is

currently, as students back then used to just memorize and rely solely on books. Unlike

today wherein students have the opportunity to express themselves more freely. Not

totally relying on books. The educational system now is more interactive and free.

Giving students the opportunity to grow, explore and learn on their own.

Over the years, the Philippines has evolved. From the monarchy ruling of Spain, forced

labor to pay taxes, and poor educational system to a more liberated and democratic

country. However, Catholicism and other beliefs remained the same. And unfortunately,

until today, our country is still struggling with corruption.


References:

Dimansalan Laong Laan, (N.D), “Philippines in the 19th Century”

https://dimasalanglaonglaan.wordpress.com/philippines-in-the-19th-century/

Delos Santos, J. (March 20, 2018) “A Comparative Analysis of the 19th Century and the Present

in terms of the following aspects: Politica, Social, Religious and Economic” slideshare.net

https://www.slideshare.net/JerilynDelosSantos/a-comparative-analysis-of-the-19th-centur

y-and-the-present-in-the-philippines-in-terms-of-the-following-aspects-political-social-rel

igious-and-economic

Bureau of Internal Revenue (Republic of the Philippines), (N.D) “BIR History” bir.gov.ph

https://www.bir.gov.ph/index.php/transparency/bir-history.html#:~:text=At%20the%20ou

tbreak%20of%20World,of%20Customs%20and%20Internal%20Revenue.&text=On%20J

uly%204%2C%201946%2C%20when,was%20eventually%20re%2Destablished%20sepa

rately.

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