PERSONAL INFORMATICS Visualization that can subsequently be reflected on.

Reflection on the integrated data yields self-insight, which

users can subsequently employ to change their behavior in
-Personal informatics (PI) systems allow users to the final stage: action.
collect and review personally relevant information. The
purpose commonly envisioned for these systems is that they
provide users with actionable, data-driven self-insight to help Based on a survey and interviews with self-trackers, Epstein
them change their behavioral patterns for the better. et al. (2015) recently argued that use of PI systems in practice
does not adhere to the strict division of stages described in
the stage-based model.
- a class of tools that help people collect personally relevant
information for the purpose of self-reflection and self- They therefore propose an alternative model of PI, based on
monitoring. These tools help people gain self-knowledge a lived informatics perspective (Rooksby, Rost, Morrison, &
about one's behaviors, habits, and thoughts. It goes by other Chalmers, 2014).
names such as living by numbers, personal analytics,
quantified self, and self-tracking.
2.The lived informatics model highlights the messy reality of
lapses and interruptions of tracking activities.
- information services, often accessible via a mobile device,
that search, sort, mine, correlate or otherwise filter - emphasized the integrated nature of collection of and
information for a person based on their preferences, reflection on data: Reflection often occurs in tandem with or
transaction logs, location, social networks and other even during collection, rather than as a strictly separate step.
personally relevant information.

- a class of tools for the purpose of self-reflection and self-

monitoring. Self-improvement hypothesis of the 2 models:

- help people gain self-knowledge about one's behaviors, “Gathering and inspecting self-relevant data lead to self-
habits, and thoughts insight, which in turn facilitates changes in behavior.”

**The basis of personal health informatics is the availability

of online patient information, new resources, desire for self-
management and care.
- allows individual patients to comprehend and analyze their
PROFESSIONAL INFORMATICS
own personal health issues; the consequences, risks,
benefits, and alternatives to therapy, treatment and 3
management. Information based on these analyzes used by Health Informatics (HI) professionals are tasked with the
patients in an individual manner that empowers them to important responsibilities of obtaining, storing, organizing
make informed decisions about their own healthcare. manage and utilize data for the purpose of improving the
services provided by the healthcare industry especially for
patient care.

HI specialists with expertise in both healthcare and

information technology (IT) are increasingly integral to the
MODELS OF PERSONAL INFORMATICS delivery and management of patient care in today’s complex
healthcare industry

1.Their stage-based model describes the use of PI systems as

a process consisting of five stages: RESPONSIBILITIES OF HEALTH INFORMATICS
PROFESSIONALS
preparation, collection, integration, reflection, and action.
 Analyzing data to help facilitate decisions and
In the preparation stage, users decide what they want to actions
track and how. Next comes a period of data collection,
followed by an integration process, where the necessary  Developing data-driven solutions to improve patient
steps are taken to transform the raw data (sometimes from health
multiple sources) into a coherent result.
 Collaborating with other departments in the
Example : healthcare system to reduce expenses through
strategic data analysis
  Designing and implementing tools to measure data, They can then make changes to specific parts of the
patient care effectiveness and processes process to streamline activities, avoid bottlenecks, and
improve care. Informaticists will see what the results are and
 Facilitating the communication and translation of continue making changes to enhance every part of the
regulatory and IT requirements between clinical care process.
departments tasked with ensuring that patient
health information, such as medical history,
treatments and test results, are integrated, FIVE SKILLS CAN HELP SUCCEED IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH
accessible, accurate and secure. INFORMATICS

1. Interpersonal skills
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUNCTIONS
- Interpersonal skills are the competencies that
■ An academic role teaching the basic NI principles to all allow you to interact effectively with other
levels of nursing students or preparing graduate nursing people. They include abilities such as conflict
students enrolled in a nursing informatics degree program to resolution, flexibility, empathy and teamwork.
implement, support, and evaluate clinical applications.
2. Ability to problem solve
■ A development role creating simulation technology
scenarios and curricula to support traditional learning and - When working in health informatics, much of
clinical placements. your day-to-day responsibilities will involve
problem-solving in various settings. Whether
■ A clinical preceptor role orienting newly hired nurses and you are solving problems related to data
students to the use of telehealth, telehealth technology, and analysis or finding solutions to the obstacles
mHealth technologies, integrating these technologies into that naturally arise when working on a team,
clinical practice, and then providing consumer education. this important ability will help you to thrive in a
health informatics position.
■ A vendor educator role involving international travel to
educate nurses on the operations, capabilities, 3. Programming knowledge
troubleshooting, limitations, and benefits of a product.
- Though computer programming is not
■ A staff development liaison role for a large hospital necessarily a requirement for every health
educating nurses and other end users about how to integrate informatics position, it may give you an
clinical applications into their work processes. advantage over your competition and broaden
your professional options. For instance,
programming knowledge is particularly
important if you want to build information
NURSING INFORMATICS is focused on the best ways to systems for healthcare organizations, but some
achieve good patient outcomes — it is about applying the options may prove more useful than others.
overall process and best practice to maximize patient care
wherever possible. 4. Communication skills

As a result, nurse informaticists are often involved in process - Communication is a valuable skill in any
design, clinical workflow reviews, and new diagnostics and industry. There are few positions that do not
treatment plans. They take into account the various options require you to convey information to another
for providing care and use objective facts and analysis to person, whether it is as part of an internal team
determine the actions that will lead to the most patient- memo or while meeting externally with client.
centered, value-based care.
5. Ability to work with health data systems

- As a health informatics professional, you will

IMPROVING CLINICAL POLICIES, PROTOCOLS, likely work closely with the health data systems
PROCESSES, AND PROCEDURES used in your workplace.
The Healthcare Information and Management
Data is the lifeblood of nursing informatics. That Systems Society reported that as the result of
data and information can be used to measure the success of electronic charting, nurses are able to obtain
the various protocols, processes, and procedures used in a information quickly and efficiently, using the
healthcare organization. A nurse informaticist will measure information to improve the daily workflow.
and analyze how specific parts of the organization are Storing the information electronically is more
performing, with a focus on the resulting patient outcomes. easily available to all members of the care team,
including the physician and other care
 providers, as well as staff teams at other Nursing schools teach their students using
healthcare organizations that the patient may innovative technologies emphasizing evidence-based
visit. It is increasingly important that their practice and problem-solving abilities such as the use of
personal medical records can travel with them laboratories allowing students more opportunities to learn
to any office or medical organization they may about critical components of practical cases from school
visit during their lifetime.
RESPONSIBILITIES:
 educators and trainers assess and evaluate
NURSING CAREER IN INFORMATICS informatics skills and competencies while providing
feedback to the learner regarding the effectiveness
Nurses at every level now work with informatics of the activity and the learner’s ability to
through patient records and other technology. However, demonstrate newly acquired skills
some nurses choose to specifically focus their career on the
intersection of informatics and clinical practice. There are a  educators and trainers manage, evaluate, report,
number of career options available in this lane, including the and utilize data and information related to the
following: specific learner and the educational delivery system
 informatics nurse innovators define and develop
educational technologies, integrate the solutions
* Clinical informatics specialist
into the educational and practice environments, and
* * Nursing informatics specialist
challenge organizations to consider and adopt
* Clinical analyst
innovative informatics solutions
* * Clinical informatics manager
 informatics nurse must evaluate the users’ level of
* Clinical informatics coordinator
information literacy as well as their computer
* * Nursing informatics analyst
literacy

These roles can be found at every level and facet of

healthcare organizations, including leadership and
management, advocacy, risk analysis, compliance,
consultation, research, evaluation and education. As RECOMMENDATIONS TO ADVANCED NURSING
informatics becomes a more prominent component of the PROFESSION:
nursing field, job opportunities will likely continue to
develop. • Nurses should practice to the full extent of their education
and training.
EDUCATIONAL INFORMATICS
• Nurses should achieve higher levels of education and
training through an improved educational system that
THE IMPACT OF HEALTHCARE INFORMATION promotes seamless academic progression.
TECHNOLOGY ON CURRENT HEALTHCARE
Many years ago, healthcare teams used to bring a cart full of • Nurses should be full partners, with physicians and other
paper-based patient medical records during rounds. healthcare professionals, in re-designing universal
Physicians and nurses often furiously documented to-do lists healthcare.
on pieces of paper or in notebooks.
• Effective workforce planning and policy-making require
On current healthcare situations… better data collection and an improved information
infrastructure.
 patients gather a significant amount of health
information about their health online even before
they meet with healthcare providers INFORMATICS GUIDING EDUCATIONAL REFORM(TIGER)
 clinicians look for the most up-to-date evidence-
based clinical THE BIRTH OF THE TIGER INITIATIVE (2005)
information needed for the patient right at the
- A diverse group of nursing leaders across the
bedside using various portable systems
country engaged in conversation about the skills
and knowledge needed by the healthcare
ICT AND NURSING EDUCATION
provider/nurse in the twenty-first Century.
- Trends and patterns on topics such as basic skills,
Education is a critical component of many nurses informatics
critical thinking, change management, evidence-
functions and may directly affect
based practice, knowledge-workers, curriculum
the success or failure of any new or modified IT solution
integration, professional practice, inter-disciplinary
collaborative practice, leadership, global military
 systems, national standards, clinical documentation, related topics for healthcare professionals and consumers
public policy, and more emerged as current (Schlak, 2013)
challenges and opportunities facing nurses during
this informatics revolution. - enables users to download information into a
- It was identified that the opportunity was more than virtual briefcase as well as utilize social media and chat
just tackling “informatics”—the focus needed to be rooms to engage with other TIGERs
more on quality care and evidence-based care.
EHEALTH LITERACY
Setting the Vision for TIGER
- “the ability to seek, find, understand, and appraise
The following vision statement and expected outcomes were health information from electronic sources and
developed to guide the early stages of the TIGER Initiative: apply the knowledge gained to addressing or solving
a health problem”
TIGER Vision - eHealth therefore requires combined literacy skills
in several domains
 Allow informatics tools, principles, theories, and - six domains of eHealth literacy:
practices to be used by nurses to make healthcare  traditional literacy
safer, effective, efficient, patient-centered, timely,  information literacy
and equitable.  media literacy
• Interweave enabling technologies transparently  health literacy
into nursing practice and education, making information  computer literacy
technology the stethoscope for the twenty-first century.  scientific literacy

Nurse’s role as an educator for consumers and the

TIGER Expected Outcomes
heightened emphasis on evidence-based practice, nurses
• Publish a Summit report, including Summit must be properly prepared to be eHealth literate
findings and exemplars of excellence.

• Establish guidelines for organizations to follow as

they integrate informatics knowledge, skills, and abilities
into academic and practice settings.

• Set an agenda whereby the nursing organizations

specify what they plan to do to bridge the quality chasm via
information technology strategies.

THE TIGER INITIATIVE TODAY

- The new TIGER Vision is to enable nurses and

interprofessional colleagues to use informatics and
emerging technologies to make healthcare safer,
more effective, efficient, patient-centered, timely
and equitable by interweaving evidence and
technology seamlessly into practice, education and
research fostering a learning healthcare system and
the new TIGER Mission statement is Advancing the
integration of health informatics to transform
practice, education and consumer engagement.
-
- The board also focused on a strategic priority to
launch the TIGER VLE. Committees were also
formed to focus on Education, Foundation
Development, and Inter-disciplinary & Consumer
Engagement.

Virtual Learning Environment (VLE)

- provides an interactive Web-based learning

opportunity which includes information about HIT and