Table of Contents

  Title                                                                                                                           Page

Chapter 3          …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….           3     

1.       Define AI

2.      Write down some advantages and disadvantages of AI?

3.      Briefly explain the type of AI based on capabilities and functionalities?

4.     Write down some applications of AI in agriculture, business, education?

Chapter 4          …………………………………….……………………………………………..………………………….            5

1.       Briefly explain IoT

2.      Briefly explain the architecture of IoT and how IoT works?

3.      Write down application of IoT in smart city, home and farming?

4.     Write down some IoT devices?

5.     What are the challenges of IoT?

6.     List down some IoT tools and platforms?

Chapter 5          ………………………….…………………………………………,…………..………………………….            7

1)      Briefly explain AR,VR, and MR?

2)    What is the difference between augmented, virtual and mixed reality?

3)    Briefly explain the architecture of AR?

4)    Write down the challenges of AR?

5)    Write down some applications of AR system in education, entertainment and medicine?

Chapter 6         …………………………………………………………………..……………………………………….            9

                  I.          What is the importance of ethics in emerging technologies?

                II.          List down some general ethical rules?

               III.          List down some professional responsibility related to ethical rules

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              IV.          Briefly explain digital privacy principles 6. Why we need accountability in using emerging
technologies?

               V.          Is the trust necessary to use an emerging technology platform? Why?

              VI.          Briefly explain the risks we face in augmented reality, IoT and AI?

Do you think that dealing with big data demands high ethical regulations, accountability, and
responsibility of the person as well as the company? Why

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 Unit 3 review question

1. Define artificial intelligence?

#. AI is Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially
computer systems.it's a wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned with building smart
machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence.

2. Write the pros and cons of AI?

The following are some main pros of Artificial Intelligence:
 High reliability: AI machines are highly reliable and can perform the same action multiple times
with high accuracy.
 Useful for risky areas: AI machines can be helpful in situations such as defusing a bomb,
exploring the ocean floor, where to employ a human can be risky.
 High Accuracy with fewer errors: AI machines or systems are prone to fewer errors and high
accuracy as it takes decisions as per pre-experience or information.
 High-Speed: AI systems can be of very high-speed and fast-decision making, because of that AI
systems can beat a chess champion in the Chess game.
 Digital Assistant: AI can be very useful to provide digital assistant to users such as AI technology
is currently used by various E-commerce websites to show the products as per customer
requirements.
 Useful as a public utility.
Following are the disadvantages of AI:
 Can't think out of the box: Even we are making smarter machines with AI, but still they cannot
work out of the box, as the robot will only do that work for which they are trained, or
programmed.
 No Original Creativity: As humans are so creative and can imagine some new ideas but still AI
machines cannot beat this power of human intelligence and cannot be creative and imaginative.
 No feelings and emotions: AI machines can be an outstanding performer, but still it does not
have the feeling so it cannot make any kind of emotional attachment with humans, and may
sometime be harmful for users if the proper care is not taken.
 Increase dependence on machines: With the increment of technology, people are getting more
dependent on devices and hence they are losing their mental capabilities.
 High Cost: The hardware and software requirement of AI is very costly as it requires lots of
maintenance to meet current world requirements.
3. Based on the level of strength we can classify AI into 3. Briefly explain each of them?

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1. Weak AI or Narrow AI: Narrow AI is a type of AI which is able to perform a dedicated task with
intelligence. The most common and currently available AI is Narrow AI in the world of Artificial
Intelligence.Narrow AI cannot perform beyond its field or limitations, as it is only trained for one specific
task.
Some Examples of Narrow AI are Google translate, playing chess, purchasing suggestions on e-
commerce sites, self-driving cars, speech recognition, and image recognition.
2. General AI:is a type of intelligence that could perform any intellectual task with efficiency like a
human.The idea behind the general AI to make such a system that could be smarter and think like a
human on its own.
There is no such systems now a time and expected to appear in the next 20 and more years, now
scientists are highly sleep on it to fasten the process.
3.super AI:is a form of AI that is capable of surpassing human intelligence by manifesting cognitive skills
and developing thinking skills of its own.
Also known as artificial superintelligence, super AI is considered the most advanced, powerful, and
intelligent type of AI that transcends the intelligence of some of the brightest minds, such as Albert
Einstein.
#. Based on the functionality we can classify AI into 4. Briefly explain each of them?
Reactive Machines: Reactive Machines perform basic operations. This level of A.I. is the simplest.
These types react to some input with some output. There is no learning that occurs. This is the first stage
to any A.I. system.
Limited Memory: Limited memory types refer to an A.I.’s ability to store previous data and/or
predictions, using that data to make better predictions. With Limited Memory, machine learning
architecture becomes a little more complex. Every machine learning model requires limited memory to
be created.These machines can use stored data for a limited time period only. Self-driving cars are one
of the best examples of Limited Memory systems.
Theory of mind: Theory of Mind AI should understand human emotions, people, beliefs, and be able to
interact socially like humans. In this type of A.I., A.I. begins to interact with the thoughts and emotions
of humans.
Self-awareness: Self-awareness AI is the future of Artificial Intelligence. These machines will be super
intelligent and will have their own consciousness, emotions, and selfawareness. These machines will be
smarter than the human mind.
4. Write down some applications of AI in agriculture, health, education and business?
AI in agriculture: Agriculture is applying AI as agriculture robotics, solid and crop monitoring,
predictive analysis,Crop and soil monitoring, Insect and plant disease detection, Livestock health
monitoring, Intelligent spraying, Automatic weeding, Aerial survey and imaging, Produce grading and
sorting, etc.
AI in health: development of several medical software that offers interactive and customized
healthcare services like anytime appointments with doctors, Managing Medical Records and Other Data,
Doing Repetitive Jobs, Treatment Design, Digital Consultation,VirtualNurses,Medication Management,
Drug Creation, Precision Medicine, etc.

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AI in education: Learning Management Systems, transcription of Faculty Lectures, enhanced Online
Discussion Boards, analyzing Student Success Metrics, academic Research, intelligent tutoring and
virtual learnig, etc.
AI in bisiness: automated responders and online customer support, process automation, sales and
business forecasting, security surveillance, Personalized advertising and marketing messaging, Predictive
Maintenance, Smart products, Delivery and travel and etc.
Unit 4 review question
1. Briefly explain IoT?
The term IoT, or Internet of Things, refers to the collective network of connected devices and the
technology that facilitates communication between devices and the cloud, as well as between the
devices themselves.
2. Briefly explain the architecture of IoT and how IoT works?
The architecture of IoT depends upon its functionality and implementation in different sectors. Still,
there is a basic process flow based on which IoT is built. The architecture of IOT consists of four layers
these are Sensing Layer, Network Layer, Data processing Layer, and Application Layer. These are
explained as following below.
• Sensing Layer : Sensors, actuators, devices are present in this Sensing layer. These Sensors or
Actuators accepts data(physical/environmental parameters), processes data and emits data over
network.
• Network Layer: Internet/Network gateways, Data Acquisition System (DAS) are present in this layer.
DAS performs data aggregation and conversion function (Collecting data and aggregating data then
converting analog data of sensors to digital data etc).
• Data processing Layer: This is processing unit of IoT ecosystem. Here data is analyzed and pre-
processed before sending it to data center from where data is accessed by software applications often
termed as business applications where data is monitored and managed and further actions are also
prepared.
• Application Layer: This is last layer of 4 stages of IoT architecture. Data centers or cloud is
management stage of data where data is managed and is used by end-user applications like agriculture,
health care, aerospace, farming, defense, etc.
#. How IOT WORKS: IoT is a giant network consisting of interconnected devices. IoT devices have
sensors embedded into them. These sensors are capable of sensing their surroundings. The devices
store the information in some form of data. These devices include appliances such as mobile phones,
coffee machines, microwaves, geysers, fire alarms, Air conditioners, cars and so on.
3. Write down applications of IoT in smart city, home and farming?
Some application of IoT in smart city is Traffic management, air pollution, health care, public transport,
water management, building, waste management, parking, natural disaster management,
infrastructure.
Some of the areas of home automation led IoT enabled connectivity, such as: lighting control, gardening,
safety and security, air quality, water-quality monitoring, voice assistants, switches, locks, energy and
water meters, Lighting, Bathrooms, Gardens, Kitchen, Security Systems, Safety Sensors, Temperature
Control.

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Soil moisture monitoring (including conductivity, light, humidity,temprature, soil moisture and pH), IoT
irrigation control, Soil nutrient analysis, Solar radiation, Weather stations, Livestock tracking are
applications in farming.
4. Write down some IoT devices?
Thera are many IoT devices, among these the following are well-known, these are:
Amazon Echo Plus Voice Controller, August Doorbell Cam, August Smart Lock, Foobot, Smart Mobiles,
smart refrigerators, smartwatches, smart fire alarms, smart door locks, smart bicycles, medical sensors,
fitness trackers, smart security system, Footbot Air Quality Monitor,Belkin WeMo Smart Light Switch,
etc., are few examples.
5. What are the challenges of IoT?
IoT issues with security, Lack of regulation about IoT, Challenges with compatibility, Limited bandwidth,
Customer expectations, Costs, Reliability and Hardware, Ease of Integration, Connectivity, Development
Skillset, Lack of effective and informed government regulations, Device compatibility, End user
challenges, IoT device management, IoT professional skills gap are some challenges of IoT.
6. list down some IoT tools and platforms?
The following are some tools and platforms of IoT:
thing worx, IBM, Eclipse IoT, Arduino, PlatforIO, IBM Watson Raspbian, OpenSCADA, Node-RED, Kimono
Create, Device Hive are some IoT tools.
Amazon web sevice, IBM, KAA, site where, Microsoft azure, Microsoft corporation, thing speak, Device
Hive, cisco, google cloud platform, zetta, things Board are IoT platform

Unit 5 review question

1. . what is augmented, virtual and mixed reality and its application?

Augmented reality (AR): as a real-time direct or indirect view of a physical real-world environment
that has been enhanced/augmented by adding virtual computer-generated information to it.

Virtual reality(VR): is fully immersive, which tricks your senses into thinking you’re in a different
environment or world apart from the real world. Using a head-mounted display (HMD) or headset.

Mixed Reality (MR): sometimes referred to as hybrid reality, is the merging of real and virtual worlds
to produce new environments and visualizations where physical and digital objects co-exist and interact
in real-time.

These three have applications on education, medicine, entertainment, military, etc.

Examples of Augmented Reality in Everyday Life

Snapchat, Photography and Editing, Hololens, Google ARCore, Pokemon Go, Interior Decoration Apps,
AR Maintenance, Google Glass.

Snapchat filters, virtual makeup, and furniture fitting are good examples of mixed reality usage.

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Oculus rift, Samsung gear VR, HTC vive, oculus go, virtuix omni, google daydream are some examples of
virtual reality.

2. what is the difference between augmented, virtual and mixed reality?

Augmented reality (AR): a view of the real world—physical world—with an overlay of digital elements.
Mixed Reality (MR): a view of the real world—physical world—with an overlay of digital elements
where physical and digital elements can interact. Virtual reality (VR): a fully-immersive digital
environment.

3.briefly explain the architecture of AR?

The first augmented reality systems (ARS) were typically built on the basis of three primary building
blocks:

the infrastructure tracker unit (charged with data collecting from visual data and sensors),

the processing unit (charged with data processing), Positioning and orientation data, mix the realities,
Captured video for computer vision and image processing...,

and the visual unit (gives an output video with the mixed worlds).

4. Write down the challenges of AR? some of the challenges are:

 Implementation Cost  Resource Scarcity  Cybersecurity and

 Technology and Skills and Competing Regulatory Concerns
Gaps Priorities  Perceptions of the
 Management Buy-in Technology.

5. Write down some applications of AR system in education, entertainment and medicine?

Affordable learning material, interactive lesson, higher engagement, higher retention, boost intellectual
curiosity are some application of AR in education.

Describing symptoms, Nursing care, Surgery, Ultrasounds, Diabetes management, Navigation, Reduce
the risks associated with minimally invasive surgery, Better informed decisions about the right treatment
and illness prevention, Make procedures more tolerable, Better aftercare, Medical training and
education, Assistance in medical procedures and routine tasks are some application on medicine.

for entertainment, AR has an application in theatre, art, social sharing, movies, eSport, games, music
and television can be taken as an example.

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 Chapter Six Review Questions

1. What is the importance of ethics in emerging technologies?

The following are some importance of ethics in emerging technology

 Limitations of abuse in access and distribution of technology.

 Transparency in social utility.
 Ethical adherence to peer review is essential to protecting society from out-of-control research.
 External oversight prevents exploitation (supposed to, at least).
 Should encourage a shrinking of the digital divide.

2. List down some general ethical rules? Some of general ethical rule are;

 Contribute to society and to human  Be fair and take action not to

well-being, acknowledging that all discriminate.
people are stakeholders in computing.  Respect the work required to produce
 Avoid harm. new ideas, inventions, creative works,
 Be honest and trustworthy. and computing artifacts.
 Respect privacy.
 Honor confidentiality

3. List down some professional responsibility related to ethical rules?

The following is some professional responsibility related to ethical rules

 Make an effort to produce professional work that is of high quality, both during the process and
afterward.
 Uphold a high standard of conduct, professionalism, and ethical behavior.
 Recognize and abide by the laws that govern work in a professional capacity.
 Accept and offer the necessary professional assessment.
 Provide in-depth analyses of potential risks along with thorough evaluations of computer
systems and their effects.
 Work only in your areas of expertise.
 Increase public knowledge of computing, related technologies, and the effects of each.
 Only use computing and communication resources with permission or under the direction of the
public good.

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  Create and put into use secure systems that are robust and easy to use.

4. What is digital privacy? What is its importance?

Digital Privacy is the protection of personally identifiable or business identifiable information that is
collected from respondents through information collection activities or from other sources.

Internet privacy is important because it gives you control over your identity and personal information.
Without that control, anyone with the intention and means can manipulate your identity to serve their
goals, whether it is selling you a more expensive vacation or stealing your savings.

5. Briefly explain digital privacy principles? The following are some digital privacy principle.

Data minimization: In accordance with the Department's goal and regulatory obligations, only collect
the minimal amount of information from people and companies.

Transparency : A clear explanation of the reason for the collection and use of personally identifiable
information will be given. Unless specifically permitted or required by law, the information collected
won't be used for any other reason.

Accuracy: The information gathered will be kept up to date, accurate, and complete in order to
safeguard the interests of the people and enterprises.

Security: Sufficient physical and IT security measures shall be put in place to guarantee that the
gathering, usage, and maintenance of personally identifiable information are adequately safeguarded
and that the information is quickly destroyed in accordance with approved records control schedules.

6. Why we need accountability in using emerging technologies?

Accountability eliminates the time and effort you spend on distracting activities and other unproductive
behavior. When you make people accountable for their actions, you're effectively teaching them to
value their work. When done right, accountability can increase your team members' skills and
confidence.

7. Is the trust necessary to use an emerging technology platform? Why?

Emerging technologies can provide improved accuracy, better quality and cost efficiencies for businesses
in every sector. They can enhance trust in the organization's operations and financial processes, which is
crucial for sustainable success.

8. Briefly explain the challenges in using: a. AI? b. Robots? c. IoT?

A). Challenges in using AI

 Implementation Cost  Resource Scarcity and Competing

 Technology and Skills Gaps Priorities
 Management Buy-in

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  Cybersecurity and Regulatory Concerns  Perceptions of the Technology.

B). Challenges un using Robots

Three challenges focus on fundamental problems in using robotics are;

> developing robot swarms,

> improving navigation and exploration, and

> developing artificial intelligence that can “learn how to learn”, and use common sense to make moral
and social decisions.

C). The four main challenges of IOT include

1. Data Security 3. Data Volume

2.Data Privacy 4. Data Complexity

9. Briefly explain risk the we face in augmented reality, IoT and AI?

The following are the risk we face in AR, IoT and AI:

 user leave themselves open to cyberattacks if hardware-based andpointsecurity solutions are

not implemented in IoT and AI devices. Ahuge number of computers and networks are
accessible to anyone in charge of one or more of these devices.
 the health care center,banks, governments, and even private homes pose significant risks, and
cybercriminals are well aware that the more connected devices are the more data there is to be
compromised.
 these devices offer intelligent healthcare technology, but due to the low-level cybersecurity that
is installed on them, they are susceptible to malware. As a result, the information is exposed to
the risk of being read by a stranger and removed from the devices.

10. Do you think that dealing with big data demands high ethical regulations, accountability, and
responsibility of the person as well as the company? Why?

Yes, handling large data calls for strict ethical standards, responsibility, and accountability.

The answer is yes because stringent adherence to ethical guidelines, accountability, and responsibility is
required when working with big data. Among the guidelines that must be followed are:

Data confidentiality: The information in the data must be handled with extreme care. A third party must
not be given access to information.

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Responsibility: Those in charge of processing the data must be skilled at interpreting large amounts of
information. They ought to possess the necessary expertise as well.

Accountability: The quality of the service must be excellent. This is because it's important to have good
working relationships.

The bottom line is that moral and ethical standards must be upheld while dealing with big data.

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 ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF SOCIAL AND NATURAL SCIENCE

EMERGING TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
Name: Natnael Temesegen

ID: ETS 1240/14

Stream: Engineering

Section: M1

Instructor : Eyob

Submission date: 16/11/2022

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