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Writing small data transfer programs

MOV: MOVE copy a data byte

MVI: MOV Immediate Load a data byte directly

OUT: Output to a port send a data byte to an output device

IN: Input from port Read a data byte from an input device

HLT: Halt Stop processing and wait

NOP: No Operation Do not Perform any Operation

MOV RD, RS move 1-byte instruction, copies data from source register to destination register.

MVI R,8-bit move immediate: this is a 2- byte instruction, loads 8 bits of 2nd byte into the register
specified

OUT: 8bit port address output to a port, a 2-byte instruction, sends the contents of the accumulator to
the output port specified in the second byte

IN 8-bit port address Input from port, this is a 2- byte instruction, accepts data from input port
specified in the second byte and loads into the accumulator.

HLT: Halt is a 1- byte instruction, the processor stops executing and enters wait state. The address bus
and data bus are placed in high impedance state. No register contents are affected.

NOP: No operation, this is a 1 -byte instruction. No operation is performed.

Prog1: Load the accumulator A with the data byte 82H and save the data in register B.

MVI A,82H

MOV B, A

Result

Prog2.: Load the hexadecimal number 37H in register B and display the number at the output port
labeled Port1(01H).

MVI B,37H

Mov A,B

OUT 01H
HLT

Result: at I/O Ports address 01 H has data 55H.

Arithmatic Operations

1. ADD R add the contents of a register

add 1 byte instruction , add the contents of register to contents of accumulator.
2. ADI, 8 bit
add immediate. This is a 2 byte instruction, adds the second byte to the contents of the
accumulator
3. SUB R subtract the contents of register

This is a 1-byte instruction. It subtracts the contents of register R from the content of accumulator

4. SUI: subtract immediate subtract 8 bit data

This is a 2- byte instruction. It subtracts the second byte from the contents of accumulator.
5. INR R

Increment: 1 byte instruction.

Increases the contents of register R by 1

6. DCR R

Decrement : 1 byte instruction

Decreases the contents of register R by 1.

Prog3: The contents of accumulator are 93H and the contents of register C are B7H. Add both contents.

MVI A,93H

MVI C,0B7H

ADD C

OUT 01H

HLT

ANSWER: 4AH(74)
Prog4: Add the number 35h directly to the sum in previous program.

MVI A,93H

MVI C,0B7H

ADD C

ADI 35H

OUT 01H

HLT

Prog5. Let accumulator hold the data byte FFH. Add 01H and then increment the content of accumulator

MVI A,0FFH

ADI 01H

INR A

OUT 01H

HLT

Prog 6. Write a program

(i) To load the number 8BH in register D.

(ii) Load the number 6FH in register C
(iii) Increment the contents of register C by one.
(iv) Add the contents of registers C and D and display the sum at the output Port 01H.

MVI D,8BH

MVI C,6FH

MVI A,0H

INR C

ADD C

ADD D

OUT 01H

HLT

Answer: FBH
Prog7. Register B has 65H and the accumulator has 97H. Subtract the contents of register B from the
contents of the accumulator.

MVI B,65H

MVI A,97H

SUB B

OUT 01H

HLT

Answr: 32H

Prog8. Write a program

Load the number 30H in register B and 39H in register C.

Subtract 39H from 30H

Display output at Port address 01H

MVI B,30H

MVI c,39H

MOV a,b

SUB c

OUT 01H

HLT

Answer: F7H

Logic Operation

1. ANA R

Logical AND with accumulator

This is a 1-byte instruction.

Logically AND the contents of the register R with the contents of the accumulator.

CY is reset and AC is set.

 2. ANI 8 bit

AND immediate with accumulator

This is a 2 byte instruction

Logically and the 2nd byte with the contents of accumulator

CY is reset and AC is set.

3. ORA R

Logically OR with accumulator

This is a 2 byte instruction

Logically OR the 2nd byte with the contents of accumulator.

4. XRA R

Logically Exclusive OR with Accumulator

This is a 1 byte instruction

Ex-OR the contents of register R with the contents of accumulator.

5. XRI: 8 bit

Exclusive OR the 2nd byte with the contens of accumulator.

6. CMA Complement accumulator

This is a 1 byte instruction that complements the contents of the accumulator

No flags are affected.

Prog1. Input data through input port 03H and mask the data by using AND operation and send the result
to output port 01H

IN 03H

ANI 80H

OUT 01h

HLT

Answer : 80H

Prog2.: Assume register B holds 93H and the accumulator holds 15H. Show the results of the instructions
(i)ORA B
(ii)XRA B

(iii)CMA

Answer:

(i) MVI B,93H

MVI A,15H

ORA B

OUT 01h

Hlt

Answer: 97H

(II) xra b

MVI B,93H

MVI A,15H

XRA B

OUT 01h

Hlt

ANS: 86h

(III) MVI B,93H

MVI A,15H

CMA

OUT 01h

Hlt

Answer: EAH

Jump Instructions

1. Unconditional Jump

JMP 16 bit

JUMP is a 3 byte instruction

The second and third byte specify the 16- bit memory address.

Prog1.

START: IN 00H

OUT 01H

JMP START

Conditional Jumps

JC 16 bit Jump on Carry if result generates carry and CY=1.

JNC 16bit Jump on no carry(CY=0)

JZ 16 bit Jump on zero (if result is zero and Z=1)

JNZ 16 bit Jump on no zero (z=0)

Assignment

1. Specify the contents of the registers and flag status as the following instructions are executed

Registers: A, B, C, D

flags: S, Z, C, Y

MVI A,00H

MVI B,F8H

MOV C,A

MOV D,B

HLT

2. Write instructions to load the hexadecimal number 65H in register C and 92H in the
accumulator A. Display the number 65H at Port 0 and 92H at Port1.
3. Write instructions to read the data at input PORT 07H and at PORT 08H. Display the input data
from PORT 07H at output PORT 00H, and store the input data from PORT 08H in register B.
4. Specify the output at PORt1 if the following program is executed
MVI B,82H

MOV A, B

MOV C, A

MVI D,37H

OUT PORT 1

HLT

5. Specify the register contents and the flag status as the following instructions are executed.

MVI A,F2H

MVI B,7AH

ADD B

OUT PORT0

HLT

6. Specify the register contents and the flag status as the following instructions are executed.

MVI A,5EH

ADI A2H

MOV C,A

HLT

7. Write a program using the ADI instruction to add the two hexadecimal numbers 3AH and 48H
and to display the answer at output port.
8. WAP to
a. Clear the accumulator
b. Add 47H
c. Subtract 92h
d. Add 64h
e. Display the result after subtracting 92H and after adding 64H.
9. What is the output at PORT1(01H) when the following instructions are executed?

MVI A,8FH

ADI 72H

JC DSPLAY

OUT PORT1
HLT

DSPLAY: XRA A

OUT PORT1

HLT

In problem 7. Replace the instruction ADI 72H by instruction SUI 67H and specify the output.

Q8. Write the instructions to clear the CY flag, to load number FFH in register C, and to add 01
to C. If the CY flag is set display 01 at an output port otherwise display the contents of register
C.