Latin Beyond GCSE (second edition): Answer Key [revised 16.3.

21]

With warm thanks to Maureen Brookes and Gerald Yorwerth.

Chapter 3

Exercise 3.1
1 These soldiers will be a means of protection for the citizens.
2 The storm was a source of danger to the sailors.
3 This book is of great use to me.
4 The boys are a burden to the teacher.
5 That woman brought destruction to our leader.
6 The crimes of the daughter were a matter of concern to her mother.
7 The rich old man gave a new temple as a gift.
8 Those who betray their own men are hated by us.
9 The general sent one cohort to be a help to the legion.
10 Through his courage that man was the salvation of the city.

Exercise 3.2
1 omnes socii auxilio erant Romanis.
2 ille senator civibus suis odio erat.
3 victoria honori est nostris.
4 haec pecunia seni et uxori magno usui erit.
5 scelus fratris mihi curae est.

Exercise 3.3
1 We have no hope of escaping.
2 The art of writing well is no longer taught.
3 Our leader was eager to win.
4 The boy hid behind the door in order to listen.
5 The chief was born to rule.
6 I often looked for an opportunity to go back home.
7 At last I formed a plan by thinking.
8 All the children were eager to learn.
9 The citizens are not prepared to leave.
10 The soldiers were waiting for the signal to attack.

Exercise 3.4
1 artem sapienter loquendi discere volo.
2 hic puer cupidus est vincendi.
3 dives factus sum laborando.
4 epistulam querendi causa scripsi,
5 nullam occasionem discedendi habuimus.

Exercise 3.5
1 You must always learn the new words.
2 I gave the girl this book to read.
3 I must avoid work.
4 The senator had the bridge repaired.
5 My mother has to write a difficult letter.
6 Do you know the city must be defended?
7 A new bridge will have to be built.
8 Everything had to be done at the same time.
9 You must make a long journey.
10 I felt that the business had to be finished quickly.

Exercise 3.6
1 pecunia invenienda est.
2 illa verba civibus audienda sunt.
3 meus pater novam domum aedificandam suscepit.
4 ille liber in ignem iaciendus est.
5 quid nobis discendum erat?

Exercise 3.7
1 You must go back home now.
2 I shall have to work in the garden tomorrow.
3 The soldiers had to set out at dawn.
4 You must persuade your father.
5 Now it is necessary to drink.
6 You must not hurry.
7 The citizens had to flee the same night.
8 We must spare the captives.
9 Everyone must die to-morrow.
10 I must leave Rome.

Exercise 3.8
1 nobis statim effugiendum est.
2 tibi hic expectandum est, serve.
3 pueris quam celerrime currendum erit.
4 deis a duce nostro parendum erit.
5 omnibus vobis abeundum est.

Exercise 3.9
(a) ‘If only this battle were for glory for your and not for safety! It is not about the
possession of Sardinia and Sicily, about which it was once done, but for Italy that you must
fight. And there is no other army behind which stands in the way of the enemy if we do not
win, nor are there other Alps, so that while they are surmounting them, new garrisons can be
obtained; it is here you must oppose them, soldiers, just as if we are fighting before the
Roman walls. Every one of you must think that he is not protecting his own body with arms,
but his wife and small children; and let him not be concerned with family affairs alone, but
again and again keep this in mind, that the senate and the people of Rome are now looking to
our hands: of whatever sort our strength and courage will be, such will be the fortune of that
city and of Roman power.’

(b) ‘Here you must conquer or die, soldiers, as soon as you have attacked the enemy. And
the same fortune, that has imposed on you the necessity of fighting, places before you for as
victors those rewards, than which men are not accustomed to pray for greater ones even from
the immortal gods. It is necessary for you to be brave men, and, with everything between
victory and death excluded by a certain discarding of hope, either to conquer, or if fortune is
in doubt, to go to meet death in battle rather than in flight. If this is well fixed in the mind of
everyone, I shall say again, you have conquered; no keener weapon for conquest has been
given to man by the immortal gods than contempt of death.’

Exercise 3.10
1 The king sent a messenger to warn the citizens.
2 This place is suitable for pitching camp.
3 I arrived in Rome for the sake of buying a house.
4 The art of climbing a tree is praised by everyone.
5 Ships must be built to cross the sea.
6 The boy stayed at home in order to help his mother.
7 The enemy are prepared to make an attack.
8 The old man gave attention to cultivating his fields.
9 The art of writing letters is hardly taught.
10 An opportunity is being given to us to save the city.

Exercise 3.11
1 senex cibi emendi causa exiit.
2 milites misimus ad urbem oppugnandam.
3 ubi artem muri aedificandi didicisti, fili?
4 libris legendis sapiens fiam.
5 pueri in oppido manebant puellas videndi causa.

Exercise 3.12
There the Trojans, for whom nothing was left after their long wandering except arms and
ships, disembarked, and began to take booty from the countryside. Then Latinus the king,
and the Aborigines, who were at that time holding those places, rushed together in arms from
the city and the countryside to ward off the force of the foreigners. However when battle lines
had been drawn up and taken a stand, before the trumpets sounded, Latinus made his way
between the chiefs and summoned the leader of the foreigners to talks. Then he asked what
men they were, by what misfortune they had set out from home or in search of what had they
disembarked in the countryside of Laurentum. They replied that they were Trojans; their
leader was Aeneas, the son of Anchises and Venus; because their country had been destroyed
by fire, they were fugitives from home looking for home and a place for founding a city.
Then Latinus, admiring both the nobility of the race and the man, and a spirit prepared for
either war or peace, gave his right hand and established a pledge of future friendship.

Exercise 3.13
1 If you are happy, I too am pleased.
2 If the senator said this, he made a big mistake.
3 If you come to Rome, I shall greet you gladly.
4 If you have money, help me!
5 If I don’t get any food, I shall return home.
6 You are fortunate if you can still run.
7 If you come back soon, I shall prepare a very good meal.
8 If you heard the messenger’s words, don’t report them in the forum!
9 If you were here, we were always laughing.
10 If anyone has the book, he can read it.

Exercise 3.14
1 si puer illud fecit, stultus erat.
2 si latronem iterum videro, clamabo.
3 si librum meum habes, mihi redde.
4 opus facile erit, si verba didiceris.
5 si senex hanc epistulam scripsit, sapientissimus est.

Exercise 3.15
1 If the emperor were to come to my house, I would receive him gladly.
2 If you hadn’t heard the shouting, the old man would have been killed by the robber.
3 If our leader were here, such things would not be happening.
4 If you had listened, you would understand all these things.
5 If you were working diligently, I would be greatly pleased.
6 If we were to set out immediately, we would reach Rome today.
7 If allies had been sent by the general, they would be helping us.
8 What would you have done, if you had not been able to find the road?
9 I would be happy if I were to see you.
10 I would not have written these things if I had not been ordered to.

Exercise 3.16
1 si meus pater adesset, nos adiuvaret.
2 si in aquam cadas, te servare difficile sit.
3 si socii advenissent, victi non essemus.
4 si rex adhuc viveret, haec aedificia miraretur.
5 puer praemium accepisset nisi fefellisset.

Exercise 3.17
Themistocles is said to have replied to a certain Seriphian, when that man said he had
acquired fame because of his country: ‘I would not be famous if I were a Seriphian, nor you
if you were an Athenian.’ This can in the same way be said about old age; for old age in
utmost poverty cannot be a light thing even for a wise man, nor can it not be a heavy thing for
a foolish man even in the greatest wealth. The best weapons of old age are the arts of the
virtues, which if practised in every age, when you have lived for a long time and much, bear
wonderful fruits, not only because they never perish, but also because the awareness of a life
well spent and of many things well done is a very pleasant recollection.

Exercise 3.18
1 I fear that the envoys have betrayed us.
2 If only the boy hadn’t laughed!
3 The girls were afraid that the teacher had seen them.
4 If only we didn’t have to work today!
5 I fear that you do not understand these things.
6 If only our comrades were here now!
7 The mothers were afraid that a storm had arisen.
8 If only you had not said anything then, friend.
9 I was afraid that the teacher would see me.
10 I was afraid that the teacher had seen me.

Exercise 3.19
1 utinam dives essem.
2 puer verebatur ne pecuniam amisisset.
3 utinam domi nunc essemus.
4 timebamus ne erraremus.
5 utinam magister hunc librum ne emisset.

Exercise 3.20
1 No-one doubted that the envoys were going to return.
2 The boys could hardly be prevented from climbing the trees.
3 The girl did not deny that she had eaten all the food.
4 My father prevented me from becoming a soldier.
5 Surely there isn’t anyone who does not think these words are very easy?
6 I was able to restrain the dog from attacking the woman.
7 The senator prevented me from going away.
8 Hardly anyone will be able to doubt that you are very foolish.
9 There was no doubt that our men had been victorious.
10 The storm prevented the ship from reaching the harbour.

Exercise 3.21
1 nemo dubitat quin navis mox adveniat/adventura sit.
2 iuvenis non negavit quin servum necavisset.
3 te non impediam quin illum librum legas.
4 legati impediti sunt quominus in senatu loquerentur.
5 nemo erat quin sciret imperatorem nullas vestes gerere.

Exercise 3.22
They all now thought that they were being surrounded by cavalry. And so before a javelin
could be thrown or our men approach nearer, all Varus’s line turned their backs and retreated
into their camp. In this flight, a certain Fabius, a centurion in Curio’s army, pursuing the first
column of those running away, looked for Varus calling him by name with a loud voice, in
such a way that it would seem that he was one of his soldiers and wanted to warn him and
speak to him. When that man had been called more often he stopped and asked who he was
and what he wanted, he attacked his shoulder with a sword and was only a little bit away
from killing Varus; he avoided that danger by raising his shield. Fabius was surrounded by
the nearest soldiers and killed.

Exercise 3.23
1 The girls say that they have read all the books that I gave them.
2 The soldier said that he was afraid of the place where the disaster had happened.
3 The boy replied he had at last completed the work which had been entrusted to him.
4 The master said that the new slave (who indeed was stupid) could do nothing.
5 The old man promised that he would write a letter when he returned home.
6 The master says that the slave by whom he has been saved will be set free.
7 The general ordered his men to pitch camp as quickly as possible after they arrived.
8 I ordered him to give me the wine which he had bought.
9 The girl said she had not heard a shout while she was walking home.
10 The master promised that a prize would be given to the boy who came back first.

Exercise 3.24
1 iuvenis dixit puellam quam vidisset pulcherrimam esse.
2 pueri putant cibum qui sibi datus sit malum esse.
3 senex negat se epistulam quam miserim legisse.
4 nuntius rogavit num audivissemus verba quae dixisset.
5 femina dixit se invenisse pecuniam quam servus antea amisisset.

Exercise 3.25
In fact, Gaius Fannius many years before had a presentiment of what has happened. It seemed
to him that in the quiet of the night he was lying on his small couch, composed into the state
of one concentrating and that he had before him a small writing-desk just as he was
accustomed. Soon he imagined that Nero had come in and sat down on the couch: he had
taken out the first book which Fannius had published about his crimes, and unrolled it to the
end; he had done the same with the second and third, then he had gone away. He was terrified
and interpreted it like this, as if the end of his own writing would be the same as the end of
that man’s reading: and it was the same. Pity comes over me as I recall this - how much
sleeplessness, how much work he expended in vain.

Exercise 3.26
1 The teacher said if we were working hard, he was very pleased.
2 The senator said that he would show me these buildings if I came to Rome.
3 The soldier said that unless the slave opened the door, he would set the house on fire.
4 The old man knew that if his wife was angry, she would give him no food.
5 The boys believe that they are always praised if they learn the words.

Exercise 3.27
1 femina dixit nuntium erravisse si haec dixisset.
2 magister promisit si liberi audivissent laborem facilicem futurum esse.
3 imperator dixit milites semper laetos esse, si cibum et vinum haberent.
4 puella credidit puerum iuste punitum esse si talia fecisset.
5 senex dixit pueros stultos esse si praemium expectarent.

Exercise 3.28
1 The girl has promised that if she were to find the money, she would give it back to
me.
2 The woman said that if she had known these things, she would have written a letter.
3 The citizens thought they would have been killed if the city had been captured.
4 The woman said that she would not have returned home if she had not found the way.
5 The prisoner said he would be happier if he had wine.

Exercise 3.29
1 senex dixit se adiuturum fuisse, si posset.
2 servus dixit se venturum fuisse si clamavissem.
3 femina respondit si navem videret, nobis dicturam esse.
4 credo me erraturum fuisse si Romam rediissem.
5 imperator dixit se milites puniturum fuisse si fugissent.

Exercise 3.30
There were in that legion two very brave men, centurions, Titus Pullo and Lucius Vorenus.
These men had constant disputes between themselves, which was the braver. One of these,
Pullo, when very fierce fighting was taking place before the fortifications, said ‘Why do you
hesitate, Vorenus? Or what opportunity for proving your courage are you waiting for? This
day will judge about our disputes.’ When he had said this he went outside the rampart. Nor
even did Vorenus confine himself in the rampart, but followed. Then Pullo threw a javelin
into the enemy and pierced one. When this man had been killed, all together the enemy threw
their javelins, and give him no opportunity of retreating: Pullo’s shield was pierced. His
enemy Vorenus ran to help him, and while he was conducting the fight with his sword he fell
into a lower place. Again, when he was surrounded Pullo brought help, and both, when they
had killed a number of men, withdrew inside the fortifications with great praise. In this way
did fortune deal with each in the battle, so that one enemy was a source of help and safety to
the other, and it could not be judged which of the two seemed braver.