B.

Tech (Electrical Engineering)- VIth Semester

Programmable Logic Controller –EE608

By
Dr. Ahteshamul Haque
Unit II

Department of Electrical Engineering

Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi.
 UNIT-II
Programming On/Off inputs to Procedure on-
off outputs, Relation of Digital Gate to
Contact/Coil logic, Creating Ladder Diagrams
from Process Control Descriptions:
Introduction, Ladder diagrams and sequence
listings, Large Process Ladder diagram
construction, Flowcharting as a programming
Method.
Burner_lit = AB + BC + AC
The fact that the output channel LED is energized (and the “Burner lit” indicator lamp is energized) tells us the PLC
program has “set” that corresponding bit in the PLC’s output memory register to a “1” state.

A display of input and output register bits shows the “set” and “reset” states for the PLC at this moment in time:
 SOLUTION OF ASSIGNMENTS
Prob.1: Draw the ladder Diagram of the Logic Diagram Shown Below:
 SOLUTION OF ASSIGNMENTS
Prob.2: Draw the ladder Diagram of the Logic Diagram Shown Below:
 LATCHING FUNCTION IN PLC
Application of this in industrial PLC systems is a latching start/stop program for controlling electric motors by means of
momentary-contact push-button switches.
- In this system, two push-button switches are connected to discrete inputs on a PLC, and the PLC in turn energizes the
coil of a motor contactor relay by means of one of its discrete outputs.

- Pressing the “Start” pushbutton energizes discrete input channel 6 on the PLC, which “closes” the virtual contact in the
PLC program labeled IN switch Start.

- The normally-closed virtual contact for input channel 7 (the “Stop” pushbutton) is already closed by default when the
“Stop” button is not being pressed, and so the virtual coil will receive “power” when the “Start” pushbutton is pressed
and the “Stop” pushbutton is not.

- The coil labeled OUT contactor writes the status of that bit, while the contact labeled OUT contactor reads the status
of that same bit. The purpose of this contact, of course, is to latch the motor in the “on” state after a human operator
has released his or her finger from the “Start” pushbutton.

- This programming technique is known as feedback, where an output variable of a function (in this case, the feedback
variable is OUT contactor) is also an input to that same function.
PLC DIAGRAM FOR TRANSITIONAL EVENT
PLC DIAGRAM FOR TRANSITIONAL EVENT
 PLC DIAGRAM FOR TRANSITIONAL EVENT

- When the pushbutton switch is pressed and the discrete input energized, the first test lamp will blink “on” for
exactly one scan of the PLC’s program, then return to its off state.
- The positive transition contact (with the letter “P” inside) activates the coil OUT test1 only during the scan it
sees the status of IN test transition from “false” to “true,” even though the input remains energized for many
scans after that transition.
- Conversely, when the pushbutton switch is released and the discrete input de-energizes, the second test
lamp will blink “on” for exactly one scan of the PLC’s program then return to its off state.
- The negative-transition contact (with the letter “N” inside) activates the coil OUT test2 only during the scan it
sees the status of IN test transition from “true” to “false,” even though the input remains de-energized for
many scans after that transition:
- It should be noted that the duration of a single PLC program scan is typically very short: measured in
milliseconds.
 STEP BY STEP METHOD FOR PROGRAMMING USING PLC

The procedure for programming a PLC for a certain application depends on the type of standard
manufacturer software tool and the type of control application.

Step 1: Analyze and Get the Idea of Control Application

The primary step to program the PLC is to get the idea for
which you are going to develop an application-based
program. If you are driving a line follower robot by the use
of DC motor when the push button is pressed. This status
must be displayed by the LED light when the motor gets
turn on. The motor is also attached with a sensor (Here it is
considered as another switch) that detects obstacles, so
when this turned on, the motor should be turned off. And
correspondingly, if the motor switched off, the buzzer
should be turned on.
STEP BY STEP METHOD FOR PROGRAMMING USING PLC
Step 2: List All the Conditions and Get the Design using Flowchart

The variables of the above project are M: Motor, A: Input

Switch 1, B: Input Switch 2, L:LED and Bu: Buzzer, and the
designing of the logic is easy with the implementation of
flow chart, which is given below for the above application.

FLOW CHART
STEP BY STEP METHOD FOR PROGRAMMING USING PLC
Step3: Open and Configure the PLC Programming Software

Open the programming software installed

in the PC that comes with PLC hardware.
Select the hardware model of the PLC in
the software and configure it with
appropriate input and output modules.
Select the ladder language (LD) from the
list of the programming languages, and
choose the hardware processor and give a
name for the program.
 STEP BY STEP METHOD FOR PROGRAMMING USING PLC
Step 4: Add the Required Rungs and Address Them

Add the required rungs based on the control application

logic and give the address to the each and every input and
outputs. The ladder logic diagram of the above
discussed example is given below.
 STEP BY STEP METHOD FOR PROGRAMMING USING PLC
Step 5: Check the Errors and Simulate It

Locate the Online section in the menu bar and select

Online. Check for the errors and make necessary changes
after selecting Offline. Again, go online and select the Run
option to simulate it.

Step6: Download the Program to PLC CPU Memory

After the successful simulation of the program, download
the program to CPU by selecting the Download option
through a network or communication cable.
 PLC ladder Numerical Example
Practice Problem:
Enabling the indicator to be ON immediately when switch pressed and OFF
after a 5 sec delay by the switch.
PLC Ladder Program Description:

•
When X1 = ON, TMR instruction will be executed. Timer T1 will be ON and
start counting for 5 sec. When T1 reaches its set value, the NO (Normally Open)
contact T1 will be activated and indicator YI will be ON.

•
When X1 = OFF, TMR instruction will not be executed. Timer T1 will be
OFF and so will NO contact T1. Therefore, the indicator Y1 will be OFF.
Number of PLC Inputs Required
X1 – Start Switch.

Number of PLC Outputs Required

Y1 – Output Indicator

Number of PLC Timer Required

T0 – 5 second Timer, 100 ms Time Base. (See K50 Preset Value for Timer)
PLC Ladder Programming:
 PLC ladder Numerical Example
Practice Problem:

Enabling the indicator to be ON after a 3 sec delay when switch pressed and OFF immediately by the switch
PLC Ladder Program Description:
•
When X1 = ON, TMR instruction will be executed.
Timer T1 will be ON and
start counting for 3 sec. When T1 reaches its set
value, the NO (Normally Open)
contact T1 will be activated and indicator YI will be
ON.
•
When X1 = OFF, TMR instruction will not be executed.
Timer T1 will be
OFF and so will NO contact T1. Therefore, the
indicator Y1 will be OFF.
Number of PLC Inputs Required
X1 – Start Switch.
Number of PLC Outputs Required
Y1 – Output Indicator
Number of PLC Timer Required
T0 – 3 second Timer, 100 ms Time Base. (See K30
Preset Value for Timer)
PLC Ladder Programming: