UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN

BNA 41003 GREEN BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

(GROUP PROJECT)

CADANGAN KONSEP BANGUNAN HIJAU BERDASARKAN

ALATUKUR INDEKS BANGUNAN HIJAU GBI
TAJUK/TITLE :
PROPOSED GREEN BUILDING CONCEPT BASED ON GBI GREEN
BUILDING INDEX RATING TOOLS
PROPOSED MOSQUE USING A GREEN BUILDING CONCEPT BASED ON
SUB-TAJUK/SUB-TITLE :
GBI GREEN BUILDING INDEX RATING TOOLS

SEKSYEN/SECTION : 01

NAMA PENSYARAH/
: TS. RAHMAT BIN MUSLIM
LECTURER NAME

KUMPULAN/GROUP : 04

1 AHMAD WALIYUDDIN BIN NOR ASRI AN200085

2 HANIS SUFI BINTI MOHAMAD ADAM AN200056

SENARAI AHLI/
MEMBERS LIST 3 MUHAMMAD AIMAN ASHRAF BIN MOHAMED AN200006

4 NUR ALIFAH YASMIN BINTI ZAHARI AN200149

5 SITI RADIAH BINTI AN200160

TARIKH PENYERAHAN/
: 12/1/2023
SUBMISSION DATE

MARKAH/MARKS

SKOR PERSAMAAN
TURNITIN/TURNITIN :
SIMILARITY SCORE
TOLAKAN MARKAH
:
/MARKS DEDUCTION
MARKAH AKHIR/
:
FINAL MARKS
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The term "green building" is used to describe buildings that are designed, constructed and
operated, to have minimal impact on the environment, inside and out. The importance of
creating an interior environment with green building components is frequently mentioned in
discussions on green buildings. However, discussions about the quality of the green building
concept based on the Green Building Index (GBI) rating tools are not always highlighted. This
study's objective is to offer suggestions for green building methods and strategies based on the
GBI rating system for the management of sustainable construction projects for the non-
residential buildings that we have selected. The non-residential building chosen to be proposed
by our group is the Daeng Abdul Rahman Mosque which will be evaluated based on the Green
Building Index (GBI) rating tools. The building will be rated according to the criteria
determined by the GBI organization which is either Platinum, Gold, Silver or Certified. The
features of this green building are discussed in terms of its completeness and specificity
according to the six (6) score summary evaluation criteria that have been contained in the GBI
measurement tool. In addition, the overall cost estimate of the project is also emphasized to
complete this project. The cost estimate made will make a plan to apply green building elements
more organized and well planned.
 RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF

Istilah "bangunan hijau" digunakan untuk menggambarkan bangunan yang direka bentuk,
dibina dan dikendalikan, untuk memberi kesan minimum terhadap alam sekitar, di dalam dan
di luar. Kepentingan mewujudkan persekitaran dalaman dengan komponen bangunan hijau
sering disebut dalam perbincangan mengenai bangunan hijau. Bagaimanapun, perbincangan
tentang kualiti konsep bangunan hijau berdasarkan alat penarafan Indeks Bangunan Hijau
(GBI) tidak selalu diketengahkan. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menawarkan cadangan
kaedah dan strategi bangunan hijau berdasarkan sistem penarafan GBI bagi pengurusan projek
pembinaan lestari bagi bangunan bukan kediaman yang telah kami pilih. Bangunan bukan
kediaman yang dipilih untuk dicadangkan oleh kumpulan kami ialah Masjid Daeng Abdul
Rahman yang akan dinilai berdasarkan alat penarafan Indeks Bangunan Hijau (GBI).
Bangunan tersebut akan dinilai mengikut kriteria yang ditentukan oleh organisasi GBI iaitu
sama ada Platinum, Emas, Perak atau Bertauliah. Ciri-ciri bangunan hijau ini dibincangkan dari
segi kesempurnaan dan kekhususannya mengikut enam (6) kriteria penilaian rumusan skor
yang telah terkandung dalam alat ukuran GBI. Selain itu, anggaran kos keseluruhan projek juga
dititikberatkan bagi menyiapkan projek ini. Anggaran kos yang dilakukan akan menjadikan
sesuatu perancangan bagi menerapkan elemen bangunan hijau menjadi lebih tersusun dan
terancang dengan baik.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

NO. TITLE PAGE

1 Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Research Background 1-3
1.2 Problem Statement 3-4
1.3 Design Objective 4
1.4 Design Scope 4

2 Chapter 2: Literature Review

2.1 Sustainable Development Concept 5-8
2.2 Malaysian Approach to Sustainable Development 9-10
2.3 GBI Green Building Rating Tools 11
3 Chapter 3: Design Approach
3.1 GBI Green Building Rating Tools for Mosque 12-15
3.2 Project Information 16-17
3.3 Energy Efficiency (EE) 17-22
3.4 Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) 22-25
3.5 Sustainable Site Planning & Management (SM) 25-28
3.6 Materials & Resources (MR) 29-30
3.7 Water Efficiency (WE) 30-31
3.8 Innovation (IN) 31

4 Chapter 4: Result and Discussion

4.1 Assessment Criteria Score Summary 32-33
4.2 Overall Points Score 34
4.3 GBI Classification 35
4.4 Project Cost Estimation 36-37

5 Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation 38-39

6 References 40-42
7 Appendix 43-52
 1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Research Background

Based on information from Environmental Protection Agency, green building can be

understand as practice of producing building via methods that can be considered as
environmentally answerable while possess the element of resource efficiency all over a
structure’s life process from choosing site, designing, constructing, operating,
maintenance, renovation, and deconstruction [1]. This approach broadens and
completes the conventional building design principles of economy, usefulness,
durability, and comfort. A green building is often referred to as a high-performance or
sustainable building.

Sustainability can be referred to as the ability of a building to consistently provide a

cozy, healthy, and productive atmosphere in long term without harming the
environment. Sustainable structures consider the three pillars of sustainability—planet,
people, and profit—rather than just the environment. Planning, designing, building,
operating and maintaining, and demolition are a few examples of the ideology that
needs to be applied at each step of a building's life cycle for it to be considered truly
sustainable [2].

The effect of the built environment as a whole on human health and the natural
environment is reduced by green building design by efficiently using energy, water,
and other resources, enhancing worker productivity and preserving occupant health, as
well as minimising waste, pollution, and environmental harm. In addition, among the
components of green buildings are Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Water
Efficiency, Environmentally Preferable Building Materials, and Specifications, Waste
Reduction, Toxics Reduction, Indoor Air Quality, and Smart Growth and Sustainable
Development.

The built environment has a major impact on the economy, the natural environment
and human health. Both economic and environmental performance can be maximized
 2

by using green building techniques. Green construction methods can be used in

buildings at any stage, from design and construction to repair and deconstruction. The
most benefits, however, can be attained if the design and construction teams adopt an
integrated strategy from the very start of a building project. Potential advantages of
green building include [3]:

a) Environmental benefits
i. Biodiversity and ecosystems are protected and enhanced
ii. Greater air and water quality
iii. Waste streams are diminished
iv. Natural resources are conserved and restored

b) Economic benefits
i. Operating costs are decreased
ii. Create, develop and shape markets for green products and services
iii. Productivity of occupants is increased
iv. Optimize life-cycle economic performance

c) Social benefits
i. The comfort and health of the occupants are improved
ii. Elevate aesthetic attributes
iii. Reduce pressure on local infrastructure
iv. General standard of living is improved

GBI or Green Building Index is an environmental rating system for buildings

developed by PAM (Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia / Malaysian Institute of Architects)
and ACEM (the Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia) [4]. Based on six (6)
key criteria, the Green Building Index is Malaysia's first comprehensive rating system
to assess the design and environmental performance of Malaysian buildings. The six
main criteria are Energy Efficiency, Indoor Environment Quality, Sustainable Site
Planning & Management, Materials & Resources, Water Efficiency, and Innovation.
The Green Building Index was developed specifically for Malaysia's tropical climate,
environmental and development context, and cultural and social needs. The GBI project
 3

seeks to aid the construction sector in its transition to sustainable development. The
GBI environmental rating system is created to:
i. Define green buildings by establishing a common language and standard of
measurement;
ii. Promote integrated, whole-building design;
iii. Recognize and reward environmental leadership;
iv. Transform the built environment to reduce its environmental impact; and
v. Ensure that new construction will still be relevant in the future and that older
structures are appropriately renovated and improved to maintain their usefulness.

1.2 Problem Statement

Green building technology is very important and has proven to benefit people and the
environment in this increasingly developing era. However, there are still some building
constructions that do not comply and do not apply green building characteristics to the
building. This situation is caused by several factors that appear to make the green
building concept unattainable. Among the problems or obstacles are [5]:

a) High costs
Even though green building projects are lucrative in the long run, the higher initial
design and construction expenses are seen as barriers. Both consumers and developers
are hesitant to increase their budgets. Due to the extensive equipment needed to
construct green buildings, many developers are reluctant to include green elements in
their structures. This is the biggest obstacle to realizing high-performance buildings.

b) Lack of public awareness / political support

One of the biggest challenges to the growth of the green building market, particularly
in developing nations, continues to be a lack of public awareness. Another obstacle to
the development of green buildings and sustainable cities may be a lack of
governmental support. The advantages and significance of sustainable building
approaches are still unknown to both customers and developers. It's still seen as a pricey
alternative by many. Many builders are still using outdated techniques since they are
now unfamiliar with some green building materials. People who are resistant to change
 4

find it challenging to leave their comfort zone and choose a novel approach to
construction.

c) Lack of skilled manpower

Today's workforce finds it challenging to stay current with rapidly evolving
technologies and new building methods. One of the key reasons for the slow adoption
of green buildings in some countries is the shortage of qualified specialists and l abor.
All groups, including decision-makers, architects, engineers, contractors, and
employees, lack the necessary knowledge and expertise to construct green buildings.

1.3 Design Objectives

i. To investigate sustainable ways of managing construction projects based on green

building principles and procedures
ii. To apply knowledge of the concept of high-performance green buildings and
sustainability
iii. To display an understanding of the factors affecting and the necessary procedure
for specifying ‘Green Building’ system components
iv. To demonstrate the ability to work in a group effectively on green building
assessment toward sustainability

1.4 Design Scope

The scope of this project is to propose a green building concept for non-residential
buildings. The non-residential building chosen to be proposed by our group is the
Daeng Abdul Rahman Mosque. Next, it will be evaluated based on the GBI Green
Building Index Rating Tools. The results will be calculated and analyzed. The report
for this study also includes five sections or chapters which are an introduction, literature
review, design approach, result and discussion, and the last one is a conclusion and
recommendation.
 5

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Sustainable Development Concept

2.1.1 The Meaning Of Sustainable Development

The World Commission on Environment and Development represented sustainable

progress as "development that fulfills the present without risking the potential of future
generations to fulfill their own needs" in 1987. The ability to ensure system stability
through the use of economic, social, environmental, and technological support
measures without sacrificing the demands of future generations is considered to as
sustainable development (Marin, 2012). The phrase "sustainable development,"
according to Duran, 2015, says that environmental protection is required for sustainable
development because it requires on a safe environment to perform. The idea of
sustainable development requires current life to protect resources, the environment, and
other elements needed for the current population as well as to raise standards of living
for future generations (Corina, 2021). Additionally, sustainability refers to a broad
theoretical framework that includes a desirable, healthy, and dynamic balance between
human and natural systems, an ideal framework, principles, and best - practice that will
help protect the variety and richness of the earth's natural ecosystems, encourage
vitality and economic opportunity, and enhance people's quality of life, as well as a
vision of the kind of future that everyone hopes to live in (Amos, 2018).
 6

Authors/publication, years Overview The Meaning And Concept Of

Sustainable Development
WCED, 1987 “Development that fulfills the present without
risking the potential of future generations to fulfill
their own needs”
Marin, 2012 “A definition of sustainable development is the
ability to ensure system stability through the use of
economic, social, environmental, and technological
support measures without sacrificing the demands of
future generations.”
Duran, 2015 “The term "sustainable development" means that
environmental protection is required for sustainable
development because it requires on a safe
environment to perform.”
Corina, 2021 “A propose obligation of modern society to preserve
resources, the environment, and other factors
necessary for future populations, as well as to
enhancing the standard of living for present
populations.”

2.1.2 The Importance Of Sustainable Development

With an emphasis on conserving natural resources, renewable resources are exploited

in a way that doesn't surpass their rate of regeneration. No matter how important they
are to people, natural resources are accorded an intrinsic worth in an eco-centric
worldview. From a romantic standpoint, nature acts as a balance to contemporary
industrial life., (Duran, 2015). Since some issues being related to the sustainable
development it is important to control the source. The state now has better control over
deforestation, CO2 emissions are continually being addressed, measures are being
taken to decrease risks to marine biodiversity, and the list of protected areas vital for
biodiversity has been expanded, (Natalia, 2021). The Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, are a series of goals outlined in an
international agreement to combat poverty, safeguard the environment, and guarantee
that everybody lives in harmony and prosperity, both now and in the future, (Stephen,
2017). By using the GBI grading system, sustainable buildings can provide
opportunities for architects, designers, and developers to reduce their carbon footprints,
save on energy and water, create healthier indoor environments, improve connectivity
to public transportation, and more, (Chin Mui Yoon, 2009).
 7

2.1.3 The Triple Bottom Line

Figure 1: Triple Bottom Line

Achieving balance between the three sustainability pillars sustainability, social

sustainability, and economic sustainability—is known as the Triple Bottom Line (TBL)
idea of sustainable development. Environmental sustainability mainly focuses on
sustaining the quality of the environment required to conduct economic activities and
improve the standard of living of the general public, in contrast to social sustainability,
which aims to ensure human rights and equality, the preservation of cultural identity,
and respect for cultural diversity. Elkington (1998) defined TBL as the three bottom
lines of "economic success, environmental quality, and social justice" (Tomislav, 2018).
enhance the community's economic and social standing while keeping environmental
effect to a minimum that can be supported by nature. This idea states that the optimum
solution to any problem will lead to long-term benefits for all three groups (Amos,
2018).
 8

2.1.4 Environmental Aspect

Planet's environmental focus is on the company's attempts to reduce its environmental

impact, including energy use and waste creation, in order to diminish its ecological
footprint, (Maria,2019). Natural resources should be monitored for environmental
issues that may affect their viability. It might cover things like energy use, the utilisation
of natural resources, the production of solid and toxic waste, the quality of the air and
water, land use, and land cover, (Timothy, 2011). "Planet" (natural capital) refers to
sustainable environmental practices. A TBL company strives to minimise its negative
influence on the environment and cause no harm to the natural order (Onyali, 2014).
Development that satisfies demands without compromising the capacity of future
generations to meet their own needs is referred to as sustainable development" (Amos,
2018).

2.1.5 Economic Aspect

Profit is the economic value produced by the company after deducting the cost of all
inputs, including the cost of any capital incurred (Onyali, 2014). “The economic line
ties the growth of the organization to the growth of the economy and how well it
contributes to support it. In other words, it focuses on the economic value provided by
the organization to the surrounding system in a way that prospers it and promotes
its capability to support future generations” (Amos, 2018).

2.1.6 Social Aspect

"People" relates to a corporation's treatment of its employees, the community in which

it operates, and the region in which it does business (Onyali, 2014). The concept is that
these actions benefit society and "give back" to the community. These procedures can
involve paying equitable wages and offering health insurance, for instance. Beyond the
moral imperative of doing "good" for society, ignoring social responsibility can have
an impact on a company's performance and long-term viability (Amos, 2018).
 9

2.2 Malaysian Approach to Sustainable Development

2.2.1 Planning approach for sustainable development

The Green Buildings Index (GBI) is a project that intends to help the building sector
transition to sustainable development. Throughout its life cycle, it is designed to
minimize the emission of harmful substances, conserve energy and resources, and
recycle materials. The Sustainable Design Assessment (SDA), which illustrates best
practices in ESD performance, is a quick sustainability assessment of a proposed
building at the planning stage. Your planning application will be supported by the
assessment by demonstrating how you handle the 10 primary sustainable construction
categories. The method used is called "Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment" (VCA).
In a nutshell, VCA focuses on collecting, analyzing, and systematizing information on
a community's sensitivity to risks in a pertinent and organized way. The Exchange TRX
at the Tun Razak Exchange (TRX), situated on Jalan Barat in Pudu, Kuala Lumpur, will
focus on its sustainability and anti-climate change measures as its future financial
district.

17 Sustainable Development The establishment and preservation of green land areas

and rooftops, as well as a decrease in the amount of rubbish dumped in landfills, are
goals that should be prioritized for green buildings and communities. High-performing
green buildings, especially those that have earned the LEED certification, provide a
 10

way to decrease the impact of both residents and buildings on the environment. A global
strategy for guaranteeing the dignity, peace, and prosperity of the earth and its
inhabitants both now and in the future is provided by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development. The Eleventh Malaysia Plan aimed to improve human capital
development for developed nations, as well as develop resilience, sustainability, and
green growth. building up the infrastructure to support economic expansion.

2.2.2 Issue related to sustainable development

Higher cost of sustainable housing due to Malaysia's difficulty in obtaining sustainable

materials. Lack of knowledge and expertise about sustainable development, with
construction industry professionals having a limited understanding of the subject and
the advantages of sustainability, as well as a lack of access to some green technologies
and materials in Malaysia (Kai, 2013). The government administration struggles with
making quick money while investing in long-term sustainability. They also put too
much emphasis on building large infrastructure while neglecting sustainable growth.
These project constructions also upset the natural equilibrium of water catchment zones.
(Azzri, 2017).
 11

2.3 GBI Green Building Rating Tools

Building sustainability evaluation tools appeared to have grown significantly during the
last two decades. The first acknowledged tools appeared in 1990, while Malaysia's
Green Building Index (GBI) was the most recent tool as of January 2009. The UK's
Building Research Establishment Environment Assessment Method (BREEAM),
which was created in 1990, is among the earliest and most comprehensive assessment
tools. This assessment tool's primary purpose is to evaluate building specifications,
including their design, construction, and use. The second-oldest tool, Leadership in
Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), created by the United States Green
Building Council, became available in 1998. (USGBC). There are currently 135 nations
using LEED certification evaluation techniques. Similar to BREEAM, LEED was the
first model to be adopted and updated by the environment and nature of a particular
country. Next, in 2005, Singapore's Building and Construction Authority introduced
Green Mark. It was the first tool made in the South East Asian region. Other South East
Asian countries have been motivated to construct their grading systems as a result of
the invention of this tool.
 12

CHAPTER 3

DESIGN APPROACH

3.1 GBI Green Building Rating Tools (NRNC)

The Green Building Index Design Reference Guide was created with intention of
providing project teams with advice to understand the inquiries for every key element
of the GBI Rating Tool. This paper specifies examples of how to complete the
application and what is necessary for doing so, so the project team may use it as a
reference for applying for the Green Building Index. To receive the required credit
points, every one of the primary 6 elements will be separated into their respective sub-
elements or items. This reference is descriptive rather than a complete or final
explanation of the Green Building Index grading system. The fundamental structure of
this guideline will explain the purpose of each subsection, requirements, strategy, and
execution. It also, on occasion, includes formulas to determine the points that will be
given for each sub-element. Therefore, this guideline will serve as a fundamental
manual to train facilitators in utilizing the GBI Rating Tools.
To receive the commendation of Green Building, three stages of accreditation must be
completed:
Stage 1: Application & Registration of the Building
This stage consists of the Completion of the application form and deliver it to
GreenbuildingIndex Sdn. Bhd. (GSB) with owner's personal information, project detail
and necessary assisting documentation. Registration cost will receive verification after
acceptance and approval of the application papers, depending on the scope of the
project. The terms and regulations must be signed by the owner and the GSB after
completing the fees and receipt of the GBI registration number. After this, A GBI
evaluator will further assess the project from start until finish.
 13

Complete & Submit the

Registration Form to GSB
with relevant documents

GSB will inquire additional

data from Applicants
Is it
complete?
Incomplete

I
Complete

I
GSB process the request and
inform client about
Registration Fees

Application

Registration
Client need to complete
Registration Fee to GSB and
accede further information if
there are more.

GSB will register the

application and provide GBI
Registration Number

GSB assigns GBI certifier at

appropriate time

Flow Chart 3.1: Stage 1 of GBI Accreditation

Stage 2: Design Assessment (DA)

Next, a thorough design and additional required evidence for the GBI Assessment have
been lodged by the Project Design team or Client whether it is the architect, engineer,
building owner, or developer directly or via GBI Facilitator). Project Design team and
client must proceed to gather more detail regarding each of 6 elements in order to
complete the submission requirements outlined under each specific sub-section after
GBI has accepted their registration. The client is advised that the information provided
 14

must involve the preconstruction data such as paperwork as soon as all of the design's
specifications have been decided upon. At this point, a certificate for the Provisional
Design Assessment is issued. To determine the target score, a Design Assessment (DA)
checklist is offered.

Applicant appoint their

GBI assessor and submit
for DA to GSB

GSB can inquire more

Is the DA information from Applicant
submission
finish? Incomplete

I
Complete

I
GBI certifier undertakes
the DA

GSB to request more

information from
Applicant

To Submit Appeal Form & Fees

• Unsuccessful
Appeal • Inquire Review for a
by higher rating
Applicant
Appeal

I
No Appeal

GSB gives probational GBI

Certificate to Applicant and
Record & publish in
Registry

Flow Chart 3.2: Stage 2 of GBI Accreditation

 15

Stage 3: The Completion & Verification Assessment (CVA)

The project is appraised after CPC when all required papers have been re-submitted in
accordance with Project Design Team's calculations and as-built data. The Completion
& Verification Assessment verifies if desired element is successfully implemented or
whether the required categorization has not been attained. GBI confirms the project
categorization within a year after CPC, or earlier if occupancy is at least 50%. Real
recorded energy and water usage, renewable site measurements, the results and action
plan of the interior comfort assessment, the building manual, and the sustainable
maintenance program are all verified as part of the verification process. On this stage,
complete certificate is acquired. To establish the optimum score, a brief CVA checklist
is offered.

Applicant to Submit for

Completion & Verification
Assessment (CVA) upon
completion of project
aA

GBI Certifier
undertakes CVA

Appeal
• Fail
GBI Notifies Applicant
of CVA Result • Request Review for a
higher rating
To Submit Appeal Form & Fees

Appeal
by
Applicant Appeal

No Appeal I

I
GSB issues GBI Certificate
to applicant
GSB records & publishes in
GBI Register

Flow Chart 3.3: Stage 3 of GBI Accreditation

 16

3.2 Project Information

The project that has been chosen for this time is the construction of Daeng Abdul
Rahman Mosque which is situated in Jalan Nusa Idaman, Nusa Idaman, 79100 Iskandar
Puteri, Johor. To be precise, it will be constructed on coordinates of
1°28′ 19.6N, 103°38' 21.1"𝐸 . This project aims to benefit all surrounding Muslim
community by providing a prayer house with complete facilities such as a funeral
arrangement room, air-conditioned prayer hall, and filtered water which is close and
also comply to Green Building Index. Nusa Idaman is a highly concentrated population
area that is brimming with Muslims Before the construction of this mosque, the prayer
hall is smaller and can only place around 20 people to pray and have limited space for
other activities such as religious lectures marriage and funeral services. This project
was produced by Razin Architect which was based in Johor Bahru. The mosque will be
built on 3.12 Acres of land with a building area of 12,140.4 m 2. As shown in Picture
3.2, facilities such as a fresh market and hotels are within reach of the mosque. While
it is not included in the picture, a shopping complex is also within 10 minutes of walk
from the mosque, thus increasing the importance of constructing this mosque to
accommodate the community around it.

Picture 3.2: Area Surrounding Daeng Abdul Rahman Mosque

 17

The total estimation for constructing and upgrading the mosque is over RM 1.2 million
while also fulfilling the request of client which requires less budget yet is full of
detailing and a fully functional mosque. The theme of this mosque will be
encompassing Green Buildings, Environment, and Islamic Architecture.

3.3 Energy Efficiency (EE) & Technical Design

3.3.1 Minimum EE Performance

The aim of the minimal EE performance is to promote the usage of MS 1525 and raise
awareness of energy efficiency (EE). Additionally, it will set minimum energy
efficiency (EE) performance standards to lower building energy use and, consequently,
CO2 emissions. comply with minimal energy efficiency standards as outlined in MS
1525. A variety of building methods, including but not limited to double brick walls,
composite insulated walls, and autoclaved lightweight concretes, can be used to provide
wall insulation. The size of the glazing should be ideal. Use of insulated glazing units
is suggested, as well as performance glazing like low-e and/or spectrally selective
glazing. To avoid heat gain in occupied spaces, the roof should be insulated with the
proper insulation materials.
An important tactic for reducing energy demand and increasing energy efficiency is
accurate forecasting of energy usage in business and residential buildings (EE).
Numerous techniques and metrics have been presented to track and evaluate the energy
performance of buildings in order to execute this strategy. A cost-effective approach to
accomplish sustainable energy development is connected to EE enhancement.
Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) and energy labeling are the two most
regularly utilized techniques in any program to make appliances more energy-efficient
and conserve energy. Before electrical appliances can be put up for sale or used in a
commercial setting, MEPS stipulates the minimal degree of energy performance that
they must fulfill, such as lighting and cooling. MEPS are a useful tool for boosting a
product's EE. The most economically advantageous policy to shift markets toward more
energy-efficient items is MEPS. When properly implemented, MEPS encourages
manufacturers to increase the efficiency of their goods within the framework of an
integrated policy approach.
Here are some tips for assisting mosques in reducing their energy usage:
 18

• Half an hour before Fajr and the morning prayer, the AC system will be
turned on and off, accordingly. The Duhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha
prayers are conducted in the same way.
• Between Maghreb and Isha, half of the AC system will be shut off.
One hour after the last prayer and before the mosque closes, the AC
system will be turned off.

3.3.2 Lighting Zoning

Lighting zoning's purpose is to offer adaptable lighting administration that will

maximize power savings. The recommendations promote while also acknowledging
lighting design techniques that provide more light switch flexibility, making it simpler
to illuminate only occupied areas. By implementing lighting zoning and reducing the
number of lighting zones, owners and tenants are given more flexible control over
lighting, enabling them to cut expenses and energy use by only illuminating occupied
or necessary regions or zones. Potential innovations in this area include the design of
illumination zones, which provide switching flexibility by administering via separate
button or automatically sensing devices. To receive points in this component, every
individual or closed space with separate switches and acquire 90% of NLA have
lighting zones that are individually switched that are no more than 100 m2, with clearly
marked switches that are simple for building occupants to use are given 1 poi nt.
Peripheral zones and area that is luminated with daylit are given 1 point if installation
of automated sensor that can detect lighting cooperatively with daylighting technique.
Last but not least, the third point is given movement sensor or similar device are used
in lighting zone for equal or more than 25% of Natural Lighting Atmosphere

3.3.3 Electrical Sub-Metering

Electrical sub-metering aims to track power usage across all tenancy areas and
important building services. To promote while acknowledging supplying of power sub-
metering for base building services, tenants' or end users' energy monitoring. Parking
lot, refrigerators, Air Handling Units, elevators, common area lighting, and energy, as
well as other relevant device with power demand that is less from 100kVA, must all
have separate meters in typical buildings. Compliance for speculative structures
involves proving commitment and making arrangements to place meters for distinct
tenancy areas. This must be offered, at the very least, on every level and for every
 19

section area or other relevant tenancy area. When an Energy Management System
(EMS) is available, all meters must get connected to it for monitoring, recording,
management. 1 point will be awarded for this component's grade: Sub-metering should
be available if energy demand is less than 100 kVA, with individual sub-metering in
favor of power and lights on every level or tenancy, any that is negligible.

3.3.4 Renewable Energy

Renewable power is to advocate utilization of all types of renewable power to minimize
impact on environment and discharge of Carbon Dioxide. Renewable energy resources
that are often utilized in the construction sector include thermal, wind, geothermal, and
biomass. Different methods and procedures are used in green buildings to use
renewable resources. The conversion of solar energy into electricity using solar panels
on the ground and the roof is one example.
Adoption of renewable power systems can aid reducing the necessities of power plant-
up and improve usage of green energy. By converting the energy generated by the
renewable energy systems into a proportion of the building's yearly energy demand,
you can determine the project performance. The most common source of renewable
energy in Malaysia's building industry is likely to come from BIPV. With proper
conversion into comparable electrical energy for calculations, other renewable energy
sources are also suitable. Point will be given for each 0.5% of sum electricity usage that
is produced using renewable energy or multiple of 5kWp of BIPV whichever contribute
greater. Photovoltaic, wind, geothermic, water force, bio fuel, and other renewable
source are all present the project's potential for renewable energy. In the climate of
Malaysia, it is strongly advised to employ building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV)
systems to provide photovoltaic electric in non-suburban area or structure. Building
Integrated Photovoltaic network is a connected system or standalone device that can
store extra energy either with or without a battery pack. There is already one PV
installation in Masjid Daeng Abdul Rahman.
In our case, the solar power needed for a mosque for one day is 0.01875 kWp. So, for
one year of energy usage is = 0.01875 x 365 = 6.84375 kWp

3.3.5 Advanced EE Performance

Buildings with advanced EE performance are encouraged to improve their EE
performance, which lowers CO2 emissions. If it can be shown that a requirement's
 20

Energy Efficiency (EE) performance goes over the required minimum to lower the
building's energy usage, it may be rewarded with up to 15 points. The points will be
allocated based on the BEI value of the building. Applications for cutting-edge
technology and materials should be thoroughly investigated. Consider using better
insulation materials for passive design applications, such as double brick walls,
composite insulated walls, autoclaved lightweight concrete walls, or other possibilities.
The utilization of conduction glazing, such as low emission or spectral discerning
glazing, should be invigorated. Glazing must be of the ideal size. Insulation on roofs
needs to be appropriately addressed as well. Consider using EE products for all
components in active design applications, and inform users of the necessity of reducing
plug loads in both usage and procurement procedures. Utilize the most energy-efficient
design principles and techniques while creating the building envelope and systems. In
our structure, we have one of most energy-efficient form of glass for double and triple
glazing is reduced-emissivity (low-E) glass. Very thin layer of argon is present on one
of the interior glass surfaces of low-E glass. This covering permit light from the exterior
while returning heat to the structure. Other than that, by insulation of wall and roof, it
assists to minimize surplus dampness in house, thus making a mellow and brittle
environment. A healthier and dryer environment will result from adopting insulation
wall in houses, which can significantly reduce formation of mold.

3.3.6 Enhanced Commissioning of Building Energy Systems

In order for a structure power-linked systems to fulfil its potential and serve their
intended function, it is important to ensure that they are properly planned, installed, and
commissioning. By doing this, the undesirable habit of not completely commissioning
the installed systems will be ended. At the beginning of the design process, assign a
private Commissioning Specialist (CS) recognized by the GBI to ensure that meticulous
prior-authorization and commissioning are carried out for every aspect of structure’s
power-related systems in regards to ASHRAE Commissioning Guideline or equivalent
GBI approved standard(s) by:
• Executing minimum 1 commissioning design check-up when the detailed design
phase is carried on while also cross-referencing the summary remarks throughout the
tender detailing phase.
• Making commissioning requirements and implementing them into the tender detailing.
• Making, carrying out the prior-authorization plan.
 21

•Checking performance and installation of the systems that requires commissioning.

•Checking for compliance in contractor submittals relevant to the method that will be
commissioned.
• Creating a handbook that will explains how to use the commissioned systems and
gives future operating staff the knowledge they need to do so.

3.3.7 Post Occupancy Commissioning

The aim is to ensure proper design and commissioning are carried out during and after
fit-outs (if any) so that the intended EE and IEQ are fully sustained. To give a point: To
guarantee that the desired EE and IEQ are properly sustained, thorough design and
commissioning must be carried out before, during, and after fit-outs (if any). To
illustrate:
1 point: Given when a design engineer examines all tenant fit-out plans to make sure
the original design intent isn't compromised and, after the fit-out work is finished, to
check and adjust the installations so they are suitable.
1 point: Given if the CxS completes a full post/re-commissioning of the building's
energy-related systems within 12 months of completion (or earlier if there is at least 50%
occupancy), ensuring that their performance is maintained in tandem with the finished
tenancy fit-outs.

3.3.8 EE Verification
EE Verification is to guarantee continued accountability for the energy use of buildings
over time. A mosque is a particular kind of building with distinct features and a purpose
that is served by irregular hours of operation. The demand for the energy used by the
mosque is influenced by Malaysia's general climate as well as its operating schedule.
The difficulty of managing energy includes not only the use of power but also the five
times daily needed water supplies. 1 point are given for using an power supervision
system to track while evaluating power usage, including scanning submeters. Within a
year of the practical completion, complete authorization for the environment
management system, including the MDL program (or sooner if there is at least 50%
occupancy). To earn the two points, both must be followed.
 22

3.3.9 Sustainable Maintenance

In order for the structure’s power-connected systems to resume operating as supposedly
after 12-month warranty time, sustainable maintenance must be performed. The score
criteria are as given below:
1 point: Given when one until three months prior to the practical completion, at least
50% of the permanent building maintenance staff has joined and is actively
participating (according to the terms of the contract) in the testing and prior
authorization of each of the structure's energy-related systems. 2nd point will be given
if the structure possesses a specified office for maintenance that own complete facilities
to perform maintenance including audited scheme for budget to buy necessary tools
and items

3.4 Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) & Technical Design

3.4.1 Minimum IAQ Performance

This element proposes comfortable Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) standard in building to
make sure the comfortability and will not cause Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) towards
users. The IAQ must fulfil the standard that was given according to ASHRAE
62.1:2007 building guidelines based on which is more rigid. Occupant must be able to
attain ample fresh air within the building in order to receive point for this item.
Installment of air ventilation system can improve the indoor air quality of building.

3.4.2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control

Vulnerability of occupants towards smokes can be reduced by providing a designated
area for smoking. This will help reduce risk of lung and heart related problems towards
occupants that did not smoke or people in surrounding area around the smoker.
Smoking must be prohibited inside the building and a specified place that allow smoke
must be prepared to attain mark on this element. The place must be at least 10 meters
away from any opening or doors that can enter the structure while also being away from
ventilation systems.

3.4.3 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring and Control

 23

A control system that can detect and control carbon dioxide inside the building, thus
not effecting occupants. This system will allow outside air to enter the building and
exchange air with high carbon dioxide level with air that have high oxygen level. To
gain point from this element, a carbon dioxide detector system that own one sensor
must be setup on each floor especially area with high air return to monitor the carbon
dioxide level of the floor. The carbon dioxide level must be less than 1000 ppm. This
method can help reduce energy usage due to require energy is relatively low compared
to other methods while also able to adjust according to needs from time to time.

3.4.4 Indoor Air Pollutants

Resources in use must be low on Volatile Organic Compound (VOCs) to reduce
negative effect towards health of occupants. This can be achieved by utilizing low VOC
painting, carpets and floor. These paint, carpets and floor must comply to each
respective requirement that has been emphasized by Green Building Index. Materials
such as composite woods, insulation foam and laminating adhesive are strictly not
allowed.

3.4.5 Mold Prevention

Mold or bacterial fungus are common to contaminate building due to humidity inside
the structure. This can cause risk towards health of building occupants if not addressed
properly. This problem can be solved by adopting suitable air ventilation system such
as air conditioning, air purifier and sufficient windows. Other than that, by using anti-
mold paint can also solve this problem once and for all. Poor water drainage system can
contribute to this problem, therefore it must be properly installed and maintained as
long as the building is still in use. By ensuring all this, 1 point will be given and fulfil
this element.

3.4.6 Thermal Comfort: Design & Controllability System

The aim of this element is to make sure the area within the building owns a comfortable
thermal environment that can increase productivity of structure. A specified thermal
regulator that abides the ASHRAE 55 standards must be in used to attained the first
mark for this element. Next, more than half of the occupants must possess comfort that
allow them to carry on their activities with ease. The humidity, temperature and air
speed must be able to be adjusted to meet the occupants need.
 24

3.4.7 Air Change Effectiveness

The air inside the building must be clean or have low concentration of pollutants to
attain point for this sub-element. By optimizing the air quality indoor, occupants will
have a clean and safe air to respire. This element will reduce short-circuiting of clear
air supply inside the building. This can be obtained by acquiring over 90% of Air
Change Effectiveness inside the structure. The Ace must be measured i nside the
respiring area occasionally 1 meter from conclude floor level.

3.4.8 Daylighting
The area inside the building must acquire sufficient daylight to gain mark on this point.
Commonly, all structure will possess this point due to present of ample windows that
will allow more than half of light to enter the building. While it helps improve indoor
air quality, it will also reduce the usage of energy during day time. This requirement
must refer to MS1525:2007 to make the calculation correct for Daylight Factor. Other
than windows, façade, atrium spaces, and roof lights can also contribute to high
daylighting into the structure. In addition, the intensity of light must be in uniform the
prevent discomfort towards occupants.

3.4.9 Daylight Glare Control

This element focuses on decreasing excess glare that originate from natural light. So,
the natural light will not counter effect the positivity of receiving daylight. It is possible
by installing blinds and cover on area that are affected by low angle sun especially
during early morning, in the middle of the day and during uncommonly sunny days.
The light that can penetrate the blinds must be less than 2000 lux. For automated system
such as window and atrium, it must own a control panel to be adjusted based on the
condition at the moment.

3.4.10 Electric Lighting Levels

The workplace lighting level must be according to MS1525:2007, are not over designed
and are suitable for various sorts of settings. To receive point, it must maintain the
luminance value that abides to MS1525:2007 for at least 90% at vision plane that is
800mm above floor level. Minimize the number of lights and lamps on the building or
placing only sufficient number of them to ensure optimization of lighting level.
 25

3.4.11 High Frequency Ballast

A high frequency ballast must be provided to ensure comfortability of building
occupants during working or performing activities. By doing so, it will help prevent
flickering in lamps and making smoother transition of switching on and off the lamps.
To receive point, a high frequency ballast must be placed for at least 90% NLA.

3.4.12 External Views

By giving objects or in this case, trees outdoor and away from building will allow
reduction of eyestrain simply by looking at them to change the pace of distance of view
of building occupants. This will also help relaxing occupants and experience the
tranquility of surrounding environment. Points for this element can be maximized by
showing that over 75% of Natural Lighting Atmosphere can be attained by simply
owning a straight line of sight at level of 1.2 meters from ground level. It can also be
achieved by adding column free spaces around the structure.

3.4.13 Internal Noise Levels

The inside noise level must be acceptable and did not cause discomfort towards
occupants. The sound inside the structure must no reach 40dB to receive mark for this
sub-element. This can be achieved by using furniture that can absorb sound, installing
sponge on the outwards of the inside walls, and placing machines that produce loud
sound away from indoor area especially that is commonly filled with users.

3.5 Sustainable Site Planning & Management (SM) & Technical Design

3.5.1 Site Selection

This element intends to prevent or reduce development of structure inside inappropriate
sites while reducing the environmental effects that may happen from location of a
building on site. This item will help optimize any damage towards flora, fauna, existing
natural habitats and water bodies. To fulfil this component, the project will not be
developed on primary agricultural land that has been declared by involved body, any
Reserved Forest with endangered species, within 30 meters of any wetlands, formerly
ignored land which is within 20 meters of any water bodies, and last but not least, land
which is a recreational area except a similar or higher value land is given to compensate.
 26

This can be achieved by, giving choosing areas that own small ecological value or
ecologically sensitive during selection stage. If it cannot be avoided, location with low
footprint should be chosen to reduce disruption of environment in the area.

3.5.2 Brownfield Redevelopment

This element will restore and develop an already-used or-damaged land that is
hampered by environmental pollution. This relieves strain on developing new
greenfield lands by directing development to brownfield locations. The majority of
already affected or polluted areas were either historical industrial areas, garbage dumps,
former mining fields, or areas that have seen any industrial activities before. This site
can be used again by decontaminating the polluted site if it was contaminated when it
was first purchased and perform all necessary remedial action to clean it up before
building. Therefore, before conducting remedial action, soil contamination test should
be carried out to determine the contamination level.

3.5.3 Development Density & Community Connectivity

This item propose development in urban area with existing amenities, protecting green
environment, preserving habitat and environment. High density construction or
renovation can minimize the need to build new greenfield areas, protect natural
resources, and minimize the usage of private transport greatly. This is possible
by building a structure on a previously developed site, or renovate an existing
one within one kilometer of a residential area or neighborhood with an average density
of 25 units per hectare net (10 units per acre net), and within one kilometer of at least
ten basic services such as groceries, pharmacy, school, police station, hospital, library,
restaurant, park, bank and laundry with walkways between the structure and amenities.

3.5.4 Environment Management

Environment management emphasis creation of habitat and encourage biodiversity,
protect already existing natural areas and also repair damaged ones. In order to promote
biodiversity, provide an excessive rate of open region to development footprint. By
planting native or adaptable plants, promote habitat preservation or restoration and
maximize biological diversity. Increase the amount of possible open space on the
ground or on roofs. To add, one effective tactic is to strategically locate buildings to
guarantee that the current ecosystems are not significantly disrupted by doing so by
 27

reducing the construction footprint. Another is to introduce planting on the roof to

increase the overall planting space or to rehabilitate the site area with native or
adaptable flora.
To gain point on this element, project must be carried out in previously used site that
recover or shield half of the area of a previously built or graded site with natural or
adaptable plants excludes building footprint. Native or climatically adapted plants are
those that are native to an area and are not invasive species or harmful weeds. Rooftop
gardening are highly acceptable so long the plants adhere to concept of originality or
adaptable plant. Next, increase amount of green space surrounding building site so it
will meet over 25% open area criteria for area.

3.5.5 Earthwork- Construction Activity Pollution Control

This element intends to control soil erosion, river sedimentation, and the production of
airborne dust to lessen the pollution caused by construction operations. Due to pollution
from construction sites has a substantial negative impact on the environment. Therefore,
encouraging the development and use of a strategy to fulfil the three goals of reducing
attrition in soil, sedimentation and runoff, and better air quality. This may be achieved
by developing and implementing soil attrition and sedimentation scheme for every
building task connected to ongoing development, which will decrease contamination
that comes from construction stage by limiting attrition in soil, river sedimentation, and
particulate matter production. Authorized earthworks plan, erosion and sedimentation
requirement must be followed by the ESC Plan.

3.5.6 Worker’s Amenities

The aim of this sub-factor is to decrease contamination from construction activity via
reducing contaminant from waste and rubbish from workers because of it being as
critical as waste and rubbish from other source of construction processes. To
accomplish this criterion, workers should possess suitable and proper accommodation
at the site or nearby area, a septic tank should be prepared beforehand, prohibit open
burning and arrange proper domestic waste container and last but not least ensure
sufficient health and hygienic facilities for workers

3.5.7 Public Transport Access

 28

By increasing the access towards public transport, environmental impacts through

usage of private vehicle can be reduced while also minimize the development of
unnecessary area. In reality, this can be fulfilled by locating the project area within 1
km of existing public transport such as light rail station, commuters, or 500m to at least
1 bus stop. While also reduce usage of private vehicle, personnel from other area can
also benefit from the project.

3.5.8 Parking Capacity

This aspect covers the problem of excess providing for vehicle parking that occur in
public building. By reducing parking, it encourages user to carpool or use the public
transport to reach their destination due to prior knowledge that the place possesses
limited single occupancy private vehicle parking.

3.5.9 Greenery Roof

The importance of this aspect is to minimize high temperature on certain urban area
and thermal slope dissimilarity between evolved and not developed region, effect
towards weather and natural habitats. This can be achieved by using reflective
pavement materials, open pavement grid or shades for half of site area including
parking space and pedestrian walks. Other than that, materials used for making roof
must be able to reflect heat and cover over 75% of the surfaces. Both of this requirement
will give 2 points accordingly. On area that is plausible, introduce green landscape to
increase roof vegetation percentage on the roof.

3.5.10 Building User Manual

Providing a manual regarding design in Green Building characteristic and tactics for
users to optimize performance of the structure after occupying the building. This
manual will help the client to recognize and utilize the features that must be frequently
checked throughout the usage of the building. The manual must be given to client at the
end of the project to gain point for this sub-element. The guidebook must be updated
according to the progress of the construction. All involved parties such as contractors
and GBI facilitators must be present and contribute towards the manual.

3.6 Material Resource (MR) & Technical Design

 29

3.6.1 Material Reuse and Selection

The aim of this element is to motivate contractors to increase the usage of reuse
resources in projects. This element helps to minimize wastage of resources, thus giving
less impact towards environment. In this project, more than 5 percent of cost was saved
due to adoption of reuse materials. Therefore, it is clear that this element able to save
cost for contractors and also client depending on type of reuse material. If the resource
is gained from existing structure such as doors and wooden components, then it will
benefit cost for client. On the other hand, if the reuse materials are temporary
formworks, that is able to be used again and again, then it will benefit the contractor.

3.6.2 Recycled Content Materials

The materials related to constructing the structure must be at least 30% of the whole
structure and cost for the project. The materials in use must be imparted with recycled
content to be considered as recycled materials while also compel to ISO 14021 standard.
The implementation of this material must be mentioned early in the design stage and
taken into account by design team to help allocate these materials earlier.

3.6.3 Storage & Collection of Recyclable

A specified area to store recyclable materials must be provided during construction and
after the building is in use. This will help reduce waste that will be brough to landfill,
ultimately minimize environmental effects locally. To gain mark for this element, a
designated area to store materials for recycle must be provided during building phase
while permanent bins that separate each general type of recyclable waste must be
installed after the building is start being used by public. The size of bin and storage
must be relevant to size user in the building or area.

3.6.4 Construction Waste Management

This element requires the project management team to prepare and carry out a suitable
plan to manage waste and allow salvation of this waste to help optimize the volume of
materials that will be sent to get dispose instead will be accessed in landfills for future
use. 2 points will be given if over 75 percent building materials which is not hazardous
are salvaged or recycled. This value can be identified by observing the number of loads
that was carried by trucks to the disposal site.
 30

3.6.5 Refrigerants & Clean Agents

This criterion is to test the ability of project planner to prevent the usage of any type of
Ozone Depleting Substance (ODP) that can cause Global Warming from occurring.
This can be attained by removing the usage of ODP and adopting natural refrigerants
such as ammonia and water in regard to heating, ventilation and air conditioning. While
for fire safety, usage of nitrogen and water mist are highly recommended.

3.7 Water Efficiency (WE) & Technical Design

3.7.1 Rainwater Harvesting

This element motivates to decrease usage of clean water especially from water
treatment plant. It is possible through optimizing collection of rainwater and roof runoff
directly towards a specialize water drainage system that will bring the water to storage
tank. This water will be used for watering plant and daily consumption such domestic
use that did not involve drinking and cooking. To gain full mark on this element, the
reduction in usage of potable water must be more than 30%. In certain cases, minimum
treatment such as chlorination or activated oxygen might be required to assure safety in
using this water.

3.7.2 Water Efficient – Irrigation/ Landscaping

The landscaping of surrounding area must be able to reduce or halt the usage of water
from authorities. This is possible by using plants that can adapt to extreme surrounding.
Full marks will be given if the plants that is used did not require any potable water at
all. Even though zero potable water is ideal, if it is not possible, any plant that can be
watered by using rainwater is sufficient. Further analysis and planning are required to
determine suitable plant that can be used for landscaping of the area during early stage
of development of the area.

3.7.3 Water Efficient Fittings

Device that can reduce usage of potable water are highly recommended to help achieve
this element. For example, usage of water efficient bidets and automated faucets are
fully abided to this element. This device only exerts optimum amount of water that suits
need of the activity at that moment such as washing hand flushing urinals. To gain 2
 31

points for this element, the yearly clean water usage must be reduced by 50 percents or
more.

3.7.4 Metering & Leak Detection System

Adoption of monitoring system is also motivated in GBI elements. This system help
detect leakage of potable water in system early to ensure less waste from happening.
sub-meters must be located on primary area that uses high volume of water such as
cooking area, coolant towers and irrigation spaces. Usage of either traditional or digital
meters are encouraged to fulfil this requirement. The second point will be given if the
sub-meters are connected to Environment Management System to monitor leakage
earlier if it happens.

3.8 Innovation (IN) & Technical Design

3.8.1 Innovation
Innovations are new concepts, tools, or procedures that give the project the chances to
receive points for performing above and above the standards defined by the GBI
grading system. Innovations are the application of potential ideas to satisfy newly
identified needs, formerly unmet preferences, or ongoing market needs. It is possible
by providing sectors, governments and society with goods, techniques, services,
technologies or ideas. A good innovation is something new and original that can
revolutionize the market globally. Encourage the project team to receive points for
performance that exceeds the GBI rating system's minimum standards. 6 points can be
attained from this sub-element by fulfilling this criterion:
• Low energy/mixed mode ventilation system;
•Utilizing cutting-edge air filtering technology for at least 50% of NLA;
•Photovoltaic AC that produce more than 10% of the necessary cooler space;
•A façade that cleans itself;
• Facilities for detecting and recycling refrigerant leaks (serving the entire main plant);
• Recyclize of all fire system water during routine testing
 32

CHAPTER 4

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Assessment criteria score summary

PART CRITERIA ITEM POINTS SUBMITTER GBI

EE ENERG Y EFFICIE NC Y
Design
EE1 Minimum EE Performance 1 1
EE2 Lighting Zoning 3 1
EE3 Electrical Sub-meterin g 1 1
EE4 Renewable Energy 5 2
1 EE5 Advanced EE Performance - BEI 15 5
Commissioning
EE6 Enhanced Commissioning 3 2
EE7 Post Occupancy Commissioning 2 0
Verification & Maintenance
EE8 EE Verification 2 2
EE9 Sustainable Maintenance 3 3
EQ INDOOR ENVIR ON M EN TA L QUALIT Y
Air Quality
EQ1 Minimum IAQ Performance 1 0
EQ2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control 1 1
EQ3 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring and Control 1 1
EQ4 Indoor Air Pollutants 2 2
EQ5 Mold Prevention 1 1
Thermal Comfort
EQ6 Thermal Comfort: Design & Controllability of 2 1
Systems
2 EQ7 Air Change Effectiveness 1 1
Lighting, Visual & Acoustic Comfort
EQ8 Daylighting 2 2
EQ9 Daylight Glare Control 1 1
EQ10 Electric Lighting Levels 1 1
EQ11 High Frequency Ballasts 1 1
EQ12 External Views 2 1
EQ13 Internal Noise Levels 1 1
Verification
EQ14 IAQ Before & During Occupancy 2 0
EQ15 Post Occupancy Comfort Survey: Verification 2 0
PART CRITERIA ITEM POINTS SUBMITTER GBI
 33

SM SUSTA INA BL E SITE PLANNING & MANAG EM E NT

Site Planning
SM1 Site Selection 1 1
SM2 Brownfield Redevelopment 1 1
SM3 Development Density & Community Connectivity 2 2
SM4 Environment Management 2 2
Construction Management
SM5 Earthworks - Construction Activity Pollution 1 1
Control
3 SM6 QLASSIC 1 0
SM7 Workers’ Site Amenities 1 1
Transportation
SM8 Public Transportation Access 1 1
SM9 Green Vehicle Priority 1 0
SM10 Parking Capacity 1 1
Design
SM11 Stormwater Design – Quantity & Quality Control 1 0
SM12 Greenery & Roof 2 2
SM13 Building User Manual 1 1
MR MATER IAL S & RESOU R CE S
Reused & Recycled Materials
MR1 Materials Reuse and Selection 2 2
MR2 Recycled Content Materials 2 2
Sustainable Resources
MR3 Regional Materials 1 0
4 0
MR4 Sustainable Timber 1
Waste Management
MR5 Storage & Collection of recyclables 1 1
MR6 Construction Waste Management 2 2
Green Products
MR7 Refrigerants & Clean Agents 2 2
WE WATER EFFICIENCY
Water Harvesting & Recycling
WE1 Rainwater Harvesting 2 2
WE2 Water Recycling 2 0
5 Increased Efficiency
WE3 Water Efficient - Irrigation/Lan dscaping 2 2
WE4 Water Efficient Fittings 2 2
WE5 Metering & Leak Detection System 2 2
IN INNOVATION
6 IN1 Innovation in Design & Environmental Design 6 6
Initiatives
IN2 Green Building Index Accredited Facilitator 1 0
TOTAL POINTS 100 67
 34

4.2 Overall Points Score

PART ITEM MAXIMUM POINTS SCORE

17
1 Energy Efficiency 35
14
2 Indoor Environmental Quality 21

3 Sustainable Site Planning & Management 16 13

4 Material & Resources 11 9

5 Water Efficiency 10 8

6 Innovation 7 6

67
TOTAL SCORE 100
 35

4.3 Green Building Index (GBI) classification

The Green Building Index (GBI) is an industry in Malaysia that is increasingly

recognized as a perfect tool to advocate renewability in building sector. The appliance
gives project owners and developers the chance to enhance environmentally friendly
design and construction. Buildings' environmental performance and design are assessed
using the GBI method. All green buildings in Malaysia must undergo a rigorous
certification process before being accredited as such. In short, not all biomorphic
architecture is green, but all green architecture can be biomorphic. Green building is a
concept that has survived in this country for many years, and few organisations or
business groups have adopted this culture in the last decade. Therefore, people started
paying attention to it 5 years ago, and all thanks to a certain agreement. Every three
years, reassessments are necessary to keep the certification.

POINTS GBI RATING

86 - 100 Platinum

76 - 85 Gold

66 - 75 Silver

50 - 65 Certified

The overall points score is 67, and our building can be classified as silver for the GBI
rating.
 36

4.4 Project cost estimation

The government has recognised the advantages of green technology in terms of cost
savings associated with reduced energy consumption in buildings. When compared to
the lifetime of conventional buildings, green building structure will save more money
while also providing numerous benefits to the environment and quality of life. In the
2023 budget, the Malaysian government will issue up to RM10 billion in sustainability
sukuk, which will start in the fourth quarter of this year, to finance socially and
environmentally friendly projects that qualify under the current national plan. These
provide green technology companies with the ability to borrow money to fund their
operations. A maximum loan of RM 50 million can be made for supplies and RM 10
million for building end users. The government has also provided various incentives,
such as duty exemptions, tax breaks, and sales tax exemptions, for buildings that have
been designated according to the Green Building Index (GBI).

TYPE OF COST RM (12 Month) TOTAL(RM)

Project Initial Cost 1,500,000
a) Management
Site engineer 4,500.00 x 12 54,000.00
Supervisor 3,100.00 x 24 74,400.00
Architect 2,600.00 x 12 31,200.00
Contractor 2,500.00 x 12 30,000.00
TOTAL
189,600.00
MANAGEMENT COST
Utilities
Petrol - 3,100.00
Insurance - 55,000.00
Diesel - 3,300.00
Authority Permit - 5,400.00
TOTAL UTILITIES COST 66,800.00
b) Machine &Tools
Vibrator - 4,700.00
Heavy Duty 4-Wheel Tube 2,400.00
-
Cutter
Portable generator - 4,800.00
Site office - 8,000.00
Tools - 12,500.00
TOTAL MACHINE & TOOLS COST 32,400.00
 37

TYPE OF COST RM/12 Month TOTAL (RM)

A) LOGISTICS (RENT)
Extendable backhoe 2,000.00 x 24 48,000.00
Crane 3,200.00 x 24 76,800.00
Lorry 2,000.00 x 24 48,000.00
TOTAL LOGISTICS COST 172,800.00
B) LABOUR POWER (sub contract)
General Worker - 188,000.00
TOTAL LABOUR 188,000.00
COST
C) RAW MATERIALS
Piling Concrete - 55,000.00
Column - 50,000.00
Foundation - 30,000.00
Slab - 44,000.00
Beam - 35,000.00
Cement - 10,000.00
Infrastructure - 40,000.00
TOTAL RAW MATERIAL COST 209,000.00
D) Maintenance
All Aspects 25,000.00 25,000.00

ITEM COST (RM)

Operation Cost

Total logistic cost + Total Management

Cost + Total Utilities Cost 429,200.00

(RM 172,800.00 + RM 189,600.00 +

RM 66,800.00)
Construction Cost

Total Labour Cost + Raw Material Cost

+ Total Machine & Tools 429,400.00

(RM 188,000.00 + RM 209,000.00 +

RM 32,400.00)

Maintenance Cost 35,000.00

TOTAL 893,600.00
 38

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

In a rising nation like Malaysia, the construction sector must expand and grow quickly
over the next few decades. Buildings continue to be one of the greatest energy
consumers in this era of both actual and anticipated energy problems, thus we must
maximize their energy use globally. Systems for evaluating green buildings have a big
potential to help push this move in the direction of energy efficiency. Contrary to the
technologies used in other sectors of endeavor, however, the technology required to
develop energy-efficient structures calls for local expertise and a variety of solutions in
various regions of the world. Any ranking system for green buildings needs to find a
balance between the dynamics of user reaction, vernacular necessity, positive
awareness, and the objective of significant energy savings. Before successfully
encouraging building developers and architects to make efforts to create sustainable
green buildings, GBI as a rating system still has a way to go. In light of how consumers
are reacting to it, its structural underpinning has to be reviewed.

GBI can assist in ensuring the long-term sustainability of the green character of
the buildings. It can encourage architects and builders to adhere to stricter standards for
long-term impact to have their buildings assessed. For at least the next 30 years, a
structure built now will either use energy efficiently or not at all. The design and
construction of energy-efficient buildings must therefore be encouraged and enforced,
so we must make sure that our grading systems are reliable enough to do so. If we
follow these steps, GBI can develop into a strong guiding tool for Malaysian buildings,
one that will help them maintain their energy-efficient characteristics for the duration
of their lives.

An additional option in the market for sustainable building materials is offered

by items like magnesium oxide boards and magnesium oxide-impregnated products.
Magnesium oxide is used to power this special product, and it is then properly cured to
give many various things more durability and adaptability. These goods' strength and
fire resistance are both qualities that make them an excellent choice for sustainable
building materials. Magnesium oxide building products are a strong challenger for
consumer spending due to their fire resistance and insulation capabilities. Magnesium
 39

oxide boards are a fantastic material choice for a builder who wants to reduce the
amount of effort the furnace or air conditioner has to do to heat or cool the building.
Materials containing magnesium oxide stand out as a solution to heat loss and heat
absorption. It's a good idea to look through the possibilities before beginning any job
and pick materials that will complement what is already in place.
 40

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 43

APPENDIX

1.0 ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Figure 1.1: AC system in mosque Figure 1.2: Lighting motion sensor

Figure 1.3 Electrical sub-metering

Figure 1.4 PV installation

 44

Figure 1.5: Energy efficient window Figure 1.5.1: Insulation of wall and
roof

Figure 1.7: Energy efficiency verification Figure 1.8: Sustainable maintenance

2.0 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Figure 2.2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control Figure 2.3: CO2 Indoor Air Quality
Monitor
 45

Figure 2.4: Indoor Air Quality Monitoring System

Figure 2.5: Use anti-fungal wall paint Figure 2.6: Energy efficient window

Figure 2.7: Air vent above the mosque entrance Figure 2.8: High daylighting
exposure
 46

Figure 2.9: Daylight-day control canvas Figure 2.10: Lighting control

devices

Figure 2.11: Install high frequency ballasts in fluorescent luminaires

Figure 2.12: View glazing on height higher than 1.2 meter from ground level
 47

Figure 2.13: Furnishings with sound capturing surfaces on each corner

3.0 SUSTAINABLE SITE PLANNING & MANAGEMENT

Figure 3.1: Upgrade the mosque without harming other areas

Figure 3.2: The construction of an old mosque to a new one

 48

Figure 3.3: Upgrading existing building on the same land

Figure 3.7: Workers site amenities

Figure 3.8: People can sit in the chairs provided while waiting for the public
transportation such as grab
 49

Figure 3.9: Greenery on rooftops

Figure 3.10: Features of the building.

 50

4.0 MATE RIA LS & RESOUR CE S

Figure 4.1: Water based extinguisher & energy efficient vacuum cleaners

5.0 WATER EFFICIENCY

Figure 5.1: Rain water harvesting, rainwater tank on the roof of the mosque
 51

Figure 5.5: Leak detection system

6.0 INNOVATION

Figure 6.1: Heat recovery system Figure 6.2: Refrigerant leakage in

system

Figure 6.3: Self-cleaning façade Figure 6.4: Advanced air

filtration

Figure 6.4: Solar system

 52

Figure 6.5: Low energy ventilation system