Republic of the Philippines

City of Taguig
1
Taguig City University
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City

ME PROJECT STUDY 01
The Development of a Manual Indoor Floor
Cleaner

A Mechanical Engineering Project

Presented to the faculty of College of Engineering and Technology

Taguig City University

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

Aluad, John Hope.

Catolico, Ivy P.

Cisneros, Darwin A.

Laguna, Omhar B.

Luna, Antonio III B.

Nemis, Alexandria P.

Mondido, John Paul D.

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City of Taguig
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Taguig City University
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City

Abstract

Cleaning is (something or someone) free of dirt, marks, or mess, especially by washing,

wiping, or brushing: it is the basic need for all human beings and it is necessary for daily
routine process. The conventional floor cleaning machine is widely used in various
applications such as buildings, houses, stations, and hospitals. This is manually operated
machine uses human effort.

In this project, we are aimed to use cheap available materials yet standard and easily
fabricated and control. We innovate the existing ideas of floor cleaner as we put mini
sprinkler and mini mop at the machine. The manually operated floor cleaner can work
efficiently with respect to covering area, time and cost of floor cleaner process compared
with the existing machine.
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City of Taguig
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Chapter 1

The Problem and its Background

Introduction

In early day, a floor is clean by using a broom which is operated by human hand,
in this a continuous movement of human hand is required which create fatigue and time
consuming (Dhomne et al., 2020). The cleanliness of your equipment is vital as floors
become much dirtier if you start the process with dirty cleaning equipment. Studies shows
that 70% to 80% of dirt and debris that enters a facility comes through the front door — by
way of building occupants and visitors’ shoes.

The benefits of proper floor cleaning may lead to a good impression. The floors
are one of the first things customers see when they enter a store. People may not want to
do business with them if they are unclean, stained, or have an unpleasant odor. Staining
the floors could give the company's customers the impression that it is unprofessional.
Studies shows 14% of consumers polled said they would stop visiting a store that was not
that clean and 29% said they would continue visiting an unclean store only if it was
absolutely necessary.

Health is a result of cleanliness (Telang et al., 2022). They argued that it is easy
to overlook the importance of cleanliness in today's fast-paced society and cleaning is
often underestimated because of the nature of the labor involved. Dandage et al. (2019)
supported this claim and noted that bad practice in floor cleaning is itself a major cause of
accidents, injuries, and diseases. In their research, they also cited some reasons on why
floor cleaner is necessary. Das et al. (2019) stated that dust poses a major risk to the
human health in any household, hospital, hotel rooms, dormitories, schools and colleges,
etc. and fuel operated machines are very costly, affecting the environment.

Ladage et al. (2016) stated in their article that automated floor cleaning machines
are commonly used in developing countries since many years because of high cost of
labor, time, efforts and affordability and this concept is not popular in developing or
emerging economic countries. They claimed that the reasons for non-popularity are cost
of machine and operational charges in terms of power tariff. Practically, a variety of
machines, such vacuum cleaners and floor cleaning equipment, can be used to clean the
floors of a house, but each of these machines is limited to performing one task at a time.

The modern generation's most fundamental need is cleaning. The floor basically
has to be cleaned on a regular basis in a home. Designing and making floor cleaning
equipment are the focus of this machine. The primary goal is to merge the operation of
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the four different devices—the mop, dustpan, sprinkler, and brush broom—into one. There
are a variety of high-end, heavy-duty machines for cleaning floors that are available on
the market. They ought to be reasonably priced for everyone, bearing in mind both weight
and price. As a result, a multipurpose, reasonably priced floor cleaning machine is needed.

The handling of the machine is quite adaptable when weight requirements are
taken into account. The creation and use of it are both fairly simple. This machine is simple
to use for everyone and no need for skilled labor. The machine's compactness and
portability allow for simple transportation from one location to another. Several floor
cleaning tasks can be accomplished with this machine. Therefore, a revolution in science
and technology is required, one that would make it simple to complete the daily chores
that we perform repeatedly. In addition, it takes into account how hard the work must be
done and optimizes the quality of the product.
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Background of the Study

The three S's-smoke, soot, and smudge were as constant as they were typical.
Cobwebs consorted in every nook and corner. Litter is everywhere (Norwood, 1931). In a
blog Keeping Your Home Clean and Tidy: Enjoy the Harmony, wherein author Swipe N
Clean states that cleaning eliminates germs along with dirt and dust, resulting in better
indoor air quality, leaving a whiff of freshness in its wake. Keeping a clean home is crucial
for your health, which is the main reason why. The health of you and your family is strongly
impacted by what happens in your home, which reflects in your living space. The cleaning
of your home should therefore be one of your top concerns.

Considering industry as a whole, there was incalculable waste—a waste of

material, a waste of time, a waste of efficiency, a waste of light, and a waste of men
(Norwood, 1931). The first electric driven floor cleaning equipment appeared in the early
1900s, about the same time as vacuum cleaners were invented. The first floor devices
were referred to as divided-weight machines. However, they weren't heavy enough to
apply enough pressure to the brush. These early divided-weight machines were slow and
difficult to push. The majority of consumers found them to be challenging to maneuver and
they did not clean very well. One option to participate in environmentally friendly home
cleaning methods is to perform manual floor cleaning. Since manual cleaning doesn't
require electricity, you'll use fewer cleaning supplies and less water.

For keeping up with tasks and saving energy, manual floor cleaning is suitable for
daily cleaning. Price is the primary and most significant pro for a manual floor cleaner.
They are inherently less expensive because they don't need electricity, since their internal
parts don't consist of wires or motherboards, and because there are no ongoing expenses.
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Statement of the Problem

Cleaning is a necessary part of daily living since it keeps places in order and
reduces the risk of accidents like trips, slips, and falls as well as the diseases we could
catch from contaminating objects. We use mops and brooms to clean the floors, which is
labor-intensive and time-consuming. This method involves removing dirt and dust particles
from the floor. Over the past few years, numerous types of vacuum cleaners have been
developed and put on the market. However, they are only used for dry cleaning. The new
functions added to the current systems are rather big and expensive, despite the fact that
the cost of these vacuum cleaners is also very high and out of reach for the ordinary
individual.

Therefore, the goal of this research project is to offer simple alternatives to all these
operational problems and shortcomings in the current system.

To obtain all the essential knowledge, data, and information, the research sought to
answer the crucial questions as follow:

1. Can it easily clean floor surfaces without leaving a slippery, wet path?

2. How to fabricate a manual floor cleaning machine?

3. Is using a commercial floor cleaning equipment more effective than using a mop or
broom for manual cleaning?
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Objectives of the Study

With the following key goals in mind, the researchers came up with the following:

❖ To do both wet and dry cleaning in a single pass

❖ To design and fabricate a manual floor cleaner

❖ To take less time to clean

❖ To create an effective and efficient floor cleaning machine

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Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Knowledge
Requirements:

- Review of Related Engineering Plan:

Literature and
Studies about - Design of Manual
Manual Floor Floor Cleaner
Engineering
Cleaner
- Drawing & Sketch Drawing:
- Principle of Chain
Fabrication and - Orthographic views
and sprocket
Assembly: - Exploded view
mechanism

- Welding - 3D model
Software
Requirements: Prototype:
- Cutting
- MS - Prototype of
- Machining
Word/PowerPoint Manual Floor
Testing and Cleaner
- SolidWorks
Evaluation:
Test Report:
- SketchUp
- Testing the
effectiveness of - Efficiency
Hardware
Requirements: Manual Floor
Cleaner in cleaning
- Machine Shop floor surfaces.

- Welding machine
and other tools

- Materials

EVALUATION
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Significance of the Study

This research focuses on developing manual floor cleaner which will be beneficial to the
following;

Students will benefit from this project by having access to a handy and simple cleaning.
They will benefit from quick floor surface cleaning as well as protection from illnesses that
may be carried by dust and garbage. This research will be useful for STEM and
engineering college students once they develop a project that uses mechanical
engineering-related techniques that students may employ for hands-on learning.

Instructors or professors may use this concept for future science investigations aimed at
conserving the environment or for other engineering-related applications.

Parents can use this equipment to get things done around the house more quickly and
easily. They will have no trouble in sweeping and mopping. The task will be completed to
their satisfaction with this equipment. Parents will also allow themselves to save money
for other valuable investments because of this low-cost equipment.

Establishments such as schools and hospitals will also receive benefits from using this
equipment. Janitors, guests, or students inside of the buildings will find it convenient to
keep the buildings clean because the task will be simpler and quicker. They will also be
familiar of innovative cleaning equipment that will soon be available in the future.

Future researchers will be benefited also in this research. They will develop fresh concepts
that can advance the development of alternative cleaning tools and enhance our cleaning
practices. Additionally, they might refer to this study when performing additional research
in the future.
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Scope and Limitations

1.1 Scope

The main purpose of this study was to design a manual floor cleaner that can do

both dry and wet cleaning and merge the operation of four different devices.

Other scope of this study includes:

- Ideal for small and large areas

- No external power required

- Lower maintenance cost and time

- Easy to operate

1.2 Limitation

- This cleaner cannot be used for outdoor purposes

- Unable to thoroughly clean all corners of a wall

- Cannot be used on stairs

- Can’t clean under furniture

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Definition of Terms

Floor Cleaner – something that is employed to clean the rooms and furniture inside the
building.

Three S – or the smoke, soot and smudge, which constantly clutters around and
inexhaustible.

Manual – relating to or done with the hands.

Mops - an implement consisting of a sponge or a bundle of thick loose strings attached to

a handle, used for wiping floors or other surfaces.

Sweeper Brush - a type of brush that is used for sweeping floors etc.

Waste Bin Collector - a container that is used for collecting and putting trash in.

Sprinkler – a device that sprays water, typically spray a certain amount of water.
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Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

The studies and related literature listed in this chapter discuss a variety of theories,
generalizations, and advancements linked to the study of Manual Indoor Floor Cleaner
from the past up to the present and act as a guide for researchers developing the project.

Related Literature

2.1.1 Cleaning Floors

The work of cleaning has an important role in general work and public
environments as it enhances worker/public feeling of health and well-being. Clean work
areas also promote productivity and quality output. Cleaning consists of tasks such as
dusting, mopping, sweeping, swabbing, vacuuming and buffing (Kumar and Kumar, 2008).
Cleaning work may also include additional tasks such as handling waste materials for the
purpose of disposal, and the lifting/moving of furniture/equipment (Johansson and
Ljunggren, 1989). In literature review conducted by Agueria et al. (2021) they asserted
that in food establishments, cleaning and disinfection program contribute to provide the
environmental conditions that are necessary for the production of safe and healthy food.
Cleaning is not just to promote productivity and positive outlook but also to ensure safety
particularly food and health safety.

2.1.2 Manual Cleaning

In a lesson plan created by Byrd and Parson (n.d.), they defined manual cleaning
as the physical removal of all visible soil (gross debris) from an item to render it safe for
handling and further processing for patient care. Lewis (2004) noted that cleaning is an
essential prerequisite to disinfection and sterilization and can be performed manually or
mechanically. In hospitals, traditional manual cleaning and disinfection practices are often
suboptimal due to personnel issues (Boyce, 2016). He concluded that continued efforts
improve traditional manual disinfection of surfaces are needed especially in healthcare.
According to Shiga et al. (2022) in their journal, they clarified the usefulness of automatic
cleaning analysis of occlusal force. The results of their study suggested that automatic
cleaning has a similar effect to manual cleaning and can be applied clinically.

M. Ranjit Kumar, et. al. (2015) mentioned that floor cleaning machines that work
on electrical power are not user friendly. They have also mentioned that the there is a
power crisis in India during summer season. They identified that most of the electrically
operated floor cleaning machines are not used effectively because of power crisis. They
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identified the need to create user friendly and low-cost floor cleaning machine, so they
developed a manually operated floor cleaning machine as alternative to the electrically
powered floor cleaning machine. They used a suitable commercially available 3D
modelling software for 3D modelling and used finite element analysis software for the
analysis of the cleaning machine. The material properties of the floor cleaning machine
were of conventional materials. From the finite element analysis results they found that
the stresses developed in the manually operated floor cleaning machine are within the
safe limit and hence decided that the design of the manually operated floor cleaning
machine is sage.

Ladage et al. (2016) stated in their article that automated floor cleaning machines are
commonly used in developing countries since many years because of high cost of labor,
time, efforts and affordability and this concept is not popular in developing or emerging
economic countries. They claimed that the reasons for non-popularity are cost of machine
and operational charges in terms of power tariff. Practically, a variety of machines, such
vacuum cleaners and floor cleaning equipment, can be used to clean the floors of a house,
but each of these machines is limited to performing one task at a time.

2.1.3 Chain Drive Mechanisms

Chain drive is a type of mechanical power transmission system that uses chains
to transfer power from one place to another. A conventional chain drive consists of two or
more sprockets and the chain itself. The holes in the chain links fit over the sprocket teeth.
When the prime mover rotates, the chain wrapped on the shaft’s sprocket rotates with it. This
applies mechanical force onto the driven shaft, transmitting mechanical power in the process
(Sild, S. 2021).

Dhiraj M. Bankar, et. al. (2017) developed an equipment for cleaning the floors which is
based on the simple chain drive mechanisms which is easy to operate and repair.

Figure 2.1 Chain Drive Mechanisms (Fractory, retrieved: 2022)

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2.1.4 Chain and Sprocket

Sprocket is a toothed wheel that fits onto the shaft. It is prevented from rotating on
the shaft by a key that fits into the keyways in the sprocket and shaft. A chain is used to
connect two sprockets. One sprocket is the driver sprocket and the other is the driven
sprocket. Motion and force can be transmitted via the chain from one sprocket to another.
Roller chains widely used in industry, they are composed of link plates, pins that join the
link plates, rollers and bushes. The output rotary motion and force must be transmitted
from the power source to a mechanism that will use the energy in some way. The usual
ways of transmitting motion and force from the output drive shaft to a shaft in a mechanism
is through chain and sprockets. Fig 2.3 will show the process of a chain drive system.

Figure 2.2 Exploded view of roller chains (D&T, retrieved 2022)

Figure 2.3 Process Diagram for a chain drive system

2.1.5 Shaft Bearing

The term “shaft” applies to rotating machine members used for transmitting power
or torque. The shaft is subject to torsion, bending, and occasionally axial loading.
Stationary and routing members, called axles, carry rotating elements and are subjected
primarily to bending (Loewenthal, 1884).
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Bhamidipati, P. (2006) presented paper on FEA “Analysis of Novel Design of

Cylindrical Roller Bearing. This paper focused on studying a roller design which can
develop uniform contact stress distributions by eliminating any edge stress and also
recommend a roller bearing design which is easy to fabricate. The roller is relaxed to
deflect due to the hollow cavity at the ends of the roller when subject to a compressive
contact load, which in turn results in the reduction in contact stress distribution at both
ends of the roller.

Bearing failure occurs randomly due to bearing wear and may be accelerated by
dynamic forces and lubrication problem (Brian, E. and Graney P. 2012). Rolling element
bearing require multiple parameters to be monitored and analyzed effectively assess the
bearing condition in order to take corrective action before failure occur. The high frequency
natural bearing resonance indicator, discrete frequency indicators (acceleration),
acceleration time-waveform characteristics, and the velocity amplitude of bearing fault
frequencies associated with the rolling element bearings can be integrated to determine
bearing health and risk of associated catastrophic failure.

Figure 2.4 Shaft Bearing (Amazon.in retrieved: 2022)

2.1.6 Bevel Gears

Bevel gears are used to connect intersecting shafts, usually but not necessarily at
90o. Its teeth are subjected to much the same action as spur and helical teeth. The total
maximum load on a tooth is compounded of the transmitted load and a dynamic increment
arising from profile and tooth spacing inaccuracies, and the maximum surface
compressive stress is the principal criterion of wear resistance (Faires, V.M. 1968). Bevel
gears are inherently not inter-changeable, they are designed in pairs.
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Two basic concepts in gearing are the pitch angle and pitch surface. The pitch angle of a
gear is known as the angle between the axis and the face of the pitch surface. The pitch
surface of a gear is the unreal toothless surface that you would have by evaluating the
valleys and peaks of the individual teeth. The pitch surface of a common gear is the shape
of a cylinder (Linquip, T. 2021).

Figure 2.5 Bevel Gear (Apax, retrieved: 2022)

2.1.7 Friction

Bhushan (1996) defined in his book titled "Tribology and Mechanics of Magnetic
Storage Devices," that friction is the resistance to motion that is experienced whenever
one solid body slides over another. Conceptually defined as the ratio of two forces acting,
respectively, perpendicular and parallel to an interface between two bodies under relative
motion or impending relative motion, this dimensionless quantity turns out to be
convenient for depicting the relative ease with which materials slide over one another
under particular circumstances (Blau, 2001). From the web, Britannica, mathematically, μ
= F/N, where F is the frictional force and N is the normal force. Because both F and N are
measured in units of force (such as newtons or pounds), the coefficient of friction is
dimensionless. The coefficient of friction has different values for static friction and kinetic
friction.
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Figure 2.6 Friction Formula (hyperphysics, retrieved: 2022)

2.1.8 Mops

According to an Environmental health article authored by Bello et al. (2009), two

methods of floor cleaning were observed: a) wet mop cleaning and b) microfiber mop
cleaning. The traditional method involved dipping the mop into a bucket filled with cleaning
solution. The second involved the use of the microfiber cloths that were soaked by hand
in cleaning solution, used attached to a handle, and send to laundry after one room was
cleaned.
In other article, Klungseth (2013) stated that dry‐mop cleaning was nine times quicker than
wet‐mop cleaning. In a blog, "4 Reasons Why You Should Mop Your Floor Regularly," Lee
(2019) stated that mopping sanitizes our floor and why it is important. He explained that
our floors contain a lot more germs than we think they do. As such, the germs accumulate
and build up quickly, especially during hot weather and flu seasons. Thus, regular mopping
is crucial in keeping your home sanitized. A clean floor translates into a cleaner house,
and a clean house means a healthier and happier home.

2.1.9 Sprinklers

Keeping our floor clean and tidy at home, industries is really important. In this
process we waste a lot of water and also reuse the same water again and again (Nibin et
al., 2021). He further asserted that we can also slip and fall due to wet surface while
cleaning the floor. They designed and made a prototype where they have introduced motor
driven brush to improve cleaning action, sprinkler system to sprinkle water to floor and to
eliminate unnecessary wastage of water, a vacuum system to collect the dust particles
from floor and a drying mechanism which helps in drying the floor after cleaning. In a
journal article of AlMallahi et al. (2022), he revealed that robot water-based (sprinkler and
brush) cleaning method was the most effective option.
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Fertigation offers a practicable solution for applying digestate according to crop

requirements during the growing season. Digestate injection in irrigation water can
enhance the nutrient use efficiency, but a proper solid–liquid separation system is required
to avoid nozzle clogging of drippers or sprinklers (Finzi et al., 2021). In vol. 317 of the
same journal, it is stated there that sprinkler (center pivot) and drip irrigation systems are
the most widely adopted equipment for fertigation, and nozzle openings of center pivots
range between 1.6 and 10 mm (Clark et al., 2003; Senninger, 2020).

Figure 2.7 Graphical abstract of Filtration System (Image retrieved from

sciencedirect.com)

2.1.10 Gear Ratio

According to a website, Smlease Design, a blog for engineers and hobbyist, they defined
gear ratio as the ratio of the number of teeth of the driven gear and driver gear. It is used
to calculate the speed and torque of the output shaft when input and output shafts are
connected using a gear train. Input gear where torque is applied is known as driver.
Whereas output gear is known as a driven gear. And gears used in between the driver
and driven gears are known as idler gears.

Figure 2.8 Gear Ratio Formula (Image retrieved from smlease.com)

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2.1.11 Forces and Motion

In theory of forces, the combined effect of all forces on an object determines its
acceleration. The effects of forces in perpendicular directions are independent. Forces are
vector quantities. Combining forces means Vector Addition. Parenthetical citation:
(Force1, 2001)

The x component of acceleration of an object is proportional to the sum of the x

components of all of the forces on that object from the interactions of all other objects. The
constant of proportionality is the mass of the object Σ Fx = m ax. The same is true for the y
and z components. Parenthetical citation: (Force1, 2001)

Related Studies

2.2.1 Floor Cleaning Machine

Cleaning is a necessary factor of daily routine process. Effective cleaning and

sanitizing help and protect the health of human beings directly and indirectly. The Road
cleaner is used to keep surroundings clean. In the era of modern technology, different
devices such as electric motors, diesel engines, and robots are being used to clean the
floor, road. But such processes create abundant pollution, maintenance and are very
tough to carry out. So, in order to save energy and save nature, there is a need to develop,
user-friendly road and floor cleaning machine. A machine which should be operated
manually so that it can be as an alternative for conventional electric cleaning machine.
The dust cleaning machine system is fixed with a pair of wheels which are connected with
the help of shaft. The shaft makes the wheels connected to one and other. The wheels
are moved to the desired position with the help of manual force, which can handle is
provided to move. The handle can be adjusted for a required height and are provided three
adjusting holes for it. A chain drive is connected to the wheels and gear at each side. The
chain is moved according to the wheel and gear. The brush moving the alternative
direction of the wheels move and the brush brooms the waste present on the road also it
dumps the waste into the waste-collecting box. The waste collection box is removed to
dump the waste into desired places (NevonProject, 2002).

Rameshkumar et al. (2018) designed a machine that is multipurpose floor cleaner

which can do multi work at the same time. In their research, he also pointed out that those
machines referring to vacuum cleaners and other floor cleaning machine are not user
friendly and it needs an electricity to operate it.
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A similar study was done by Kumar & Kapilan (2015), they explained in their
research that it is a need to develop a low-cost, user-friendly floor cleaning machine due
to power crisis problem that happens in India, especially in Summer, floor cleaning
machines are not used effectively so they developed a manual floor cleaning machine.
They also highlighted that a manually operated floor cleaning is developed with major list
of objectives, one; to achieve simultaneous dry and wet cleaning in a single run, secondly
to make the machine cost effective and thirdly to reduce the maintenance cost of the
manually operated floor cleaning machine as far as possible.

According to Jha (2021), "In general, numerous machines such as electric motors,
diesel engines, and robots are utilized to clean the floor and the road in the present period.
However, such processes produce a lot of pollutants, require a lot of maintenance, and
are difficult to carry out." Consequently, a user-friendly road and floor cleaning machine is
needed in order to conserve energy and the environment.

Sanap & Shimpi (2019) concluded that the machines that are now on the market
are either too expensive or too bulky, and they are also made for very large-scale
operations. Small hospitals, clinics, restaurants, etc. cannot use them due to their high
cost and space requirements. They created a project that involves a multifunctional
portable battery-operated floor cleaning equipment.

In a case study proposed by Branch (1998), he stated there that developing the
technologies suitable for a high-level robotic application such as cleaning a floor has
proved extremely difficult. He further mentioned in his paper that developing the robot
mobility technology has been a stumbling block and integrating the applications
technology to the machine has been a difficult stage on the quest.

Mendhe (2018) et al. In their research, they operate a machine for multipurpose
floor cleaning. They concentrated on creating and modernizing the floor-cleaning
procedure. The floor washer is a novel device that addresses the issues of floor washing,
pipe cleaning, dust removal, and waste removal that complicate daily life. The study
includes floor cleaners with parts like mechanical grippers, solar panels, blowers,
scrubbers, and wheels powered by dc motors. As a power source, a 12V rechargeable
battery is utilized.

Khade (2020) In his research, he works on multi-use floor cleaning machine. He

developed machine which is capable of performing cleaning of floor and corners
effectively, semi-automatic water spray, cleaning of byre, dry as well as wet cleaning
tasks. This floor cleaning machine is designed by keeping the basic considerations for
machine and operational cost reduction, efforts reduction, environment friendly and easy
handling.
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Serafica et al. (2018) conducted a study about the effectiveness of the Remote
Controlled Floor Cleaning Machine on cleaning in our houses. The researchers found out
that the performance of the Remote Controlled Floor Cleaning Machine was not that
efficient as expected due to its weight that affects its performance.

Ay et al. (2020) focused their research on the effectiveness of making a do-it-

yourself (DIY) vacuum cleaner to minimize dust problems. The results of their study
showed that the students agree that if the classroom looks neat and refreshing, it can give
them a positive aura; it also prevents the spreading of germs because of the dusty
surrounding. Moreover, their study revealed that dusty surroundings have an impact on
the performance of the students mostly because of the unclean and uncomfortable
classroom.
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Chapter 3

Research Methodology

Project Design

A manual indoor floor cleaner prototype will be presented as part of the research,
along with 2D/3D drawings created with the use of software applications like SolidWorks
and SketchUp and other design methods that could assist the project successful.
The researchers used SolidWorks to produce interactive 3D models and simulations after
reviewing relevant literature and studies about manual floor cleaners that provided ideas
for the prototype’s design. Using SketchUp, the researchers produced the necessary 2D
drafting, which covers all drawing perspectives, based on the 3D model design. The
researchers eliminated all uncertainties from missing details, including certain crucial
dimensions, in order to be more cautious in providing drawings for fabrication. The model
will be constructed following the completion of the 2D drawings.

Geometric dimension and tolerance should be followed prior to the precision of the
parts’ dimensions with respect to generated 2D designs. The materials should be chosen
based on the manual floor cleaner design’s material specifications. Using the exploded
view drawing as a guide, the machined parts will now be ready for assembly. The
prototype will eventually go through procedure testing to show the project’s mechanism.

Project Development

Initial Design

The first design consists of a brush that is attached to the wheels and acts as the
primary component for removing dust and other debris, as well as a dust collector to gather
any remaining dust. It also consists of sprinkler, 2 rotating mops and a water container. All
of the components are installed on a mild steel frame, and the handle is made of metal
rod (tubular). According to the researchers’ findings, a floor cannot be fully cleaned with
just one brush. Not all of the dust particles will typically be swept up and collected in the
dust collector.
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Figure 3.1 Isometric view of initial design

Final Design

The final layout was developed by researchers. By adding the second brush to the
front, the researchers expect to enhance the initial concept. A small and a large roller
brush mounted on the front will now be present in this design, making two brushes total.
The large roller brush right next to the small one will finish the work if it didn’t remove all
the dust particles along with the dust collector that is fixed to the frame and constructed of
plain sheet metal. The researchers thought that wet cleaning, as well as dry cleaning,
would be necessary to completely clean the floor. To clean the wet surfaces, the
researchers fitted two rotating mop heads and mounted sprinklers close to the dust
collector. When you press the button on the handle, the water will be sprayed from the
sprinkler which takes the water in the water container positioned at the back.
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Figure 3.2 Isometric view of final design

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Project Description

Figure 3.3 Top view of Manual Floor Cleaner

Figure 3.4 Front view of Manual Floor Cleaner

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Figure 3.5 Side view of Manual Floor Cleaner

Figure 3.6 Exploded view of Manual Floor Cleaner

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Taguig City University
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Bill of Materials

The bill of materials of the project is tabulated at Table 1 and the material that has highest
cost is the sprocket wheel. Some parts are welded and rivet, a rivet is a permanent
mechanical fastener. The project consists of only few parts. To attach the adjustable parts,
the researchers decided to use bolts and screws.

DWG.NO. DESCRIPTION QUANTITY MATERIALS

1 Support Handle 1 Mid steel

2 Container Base 1 Metal sheet

3 Water Container 1 PET

4 Bevel gear support 2 Mild steel

5 Driven bevel gear 4 Cast steel

6 Mop 2 Fiber

7 Sprinkler 3 Carbon steel

8 Dust Bin Collector 1 Metal sheet

9 Dust Collector Lock 2 Mild steel

10 Brush Hub Shaft 2 Mild steel

11 Brush 2 Nylon

12 Horizontal Column 2 Mild steel

13 Hose 1 Rubber

14 Sprocket wheel 10 Cast steel

15 Chain 2 Cast steel

16 Base 1 Metal sheet

17 Wheel Hub 2 Mild steel

Table 3.1 Bill of Materials of Manual Floor Cleaner

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Flow Chart Design

The resulting conditions and problems that can possibly encountered in using
manual floor cleaner will be identified by the researchers with the help of study’s process
flow as shown in Fig. 3.7.

Figure 3.7 Flow Chart Design

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Performance Testing and Evaluation

The following plans serve as a researcher's guide in finalizing the design of the
manual indoor floor cleaner that also gives foundation by the use of computational
parameters.

This should have been done during the design stage:

1. Determine the suitable size of chain and sprocket, wheel, and other parts by design
analysis.

2. Determine the speed produces by the wheel.

3. Compute the overall weight of the Indoor Floor Cleaner.

Performance Test

To test and determine the performance in terms of cleaning the floor, the following
procedures should be done in the prototype.

Procedure:

1. Start to move the machine by pushing it manually.

2. Record the time taken to clean the floor and do the dirt removal test.

3. After the operation has been completed, record the torque produces by the wheel and
the efficiency of the prototype.

4. Record the data gathered during the operation after repeating the procedure.

5. Examine the consistency of the data.

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Cost of Materials

The tabulated data below shows the estimated cost of materials and metal works that are
found out by the researchers after buying some parts and requesting for quotation for
metal fabrication.

MATERIALS QUANTITY COST (PHP)

TUBULAR 2 400

BEVEL GEAR 4 300

WHEEL SMALL 2 220

WHEEL BIG 2 300

BRUSH SMALL 1 200

BRUSH BIG 1 300

G.I. PLAIN SHEET 1 350

MOP 2 300

BEARINGS 10 190

SPRINKLER 2 100

PILLOW BLOCK BEARING 4 620

CHAIN 1 150

SPROCKET SMALL 2 100

SPROCKET BIG 2 320

TOTAL 3850

Table 3.2 Cost of Materials of Manual Floor Cleaner

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Computation of Parameters

The following formulas are used as assumptions and guides when parts of the
Indoor Floor Cleaner are being designed by the machine design analysis.

Speed of Large Sprocket (N1)

Normal speed of humans = 1.4 m/s

D = diameter of wheel

V = velocity of humans = 1.4 m/s = πDN/60

Speed of Small Sprocket (N2)

N1 = rpm of large sprocket

N2 = rpm of small sprocket

T1 = no. of teeth in large sprocket

T2 = no. of teeth in small sprocket

N1/N2 = T1/T2

Rotation of Mop (Bevel Gear)

Assume gear module = 3mm

T1 = number of teeth in gear = 45

TS = number of teeth in pinion = 15

Diameter of gear (D1) = m(T1) = 135 mm

Diameter of pinion (Ds) = m(Ts) = 45 mm

Gear Ratio

Ts/T1 = N1/Ns

Ns = is the speed of the bevel gear

Force Require to Move the Path Cleaner

Sum of the vertical forces, ∑ Fy = 0

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NR – Total weight of the floor cleaner = 0

Force along the motion, F = -FF

F = µNR

F = -0.01 x Total weight of the floor cleaner

Note: (-) and (+) sign indicates the frictional force acts in opposite direction.
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Functions of Parts in the System

Tubular - The main purpose of this part is to protect the overall components of this project
as it functions as a frame to the system.

Gear - It is used to transfer motion and torque between machine components in

mechanical devices. Depending on the design and construction of the gear pair employed,
gears can change the direction of movement and/or increase the output speed or torque.

Wheel - Wheels are simple machines for reducing the force of friction. Dragging something
over rough ground is hard work, but wheels make it much easier by allowing the object to
roll along. Wheels can also be used to help turn something with more force, or help
something to turn faster.

Brush - Brushes perform a multitude of cleaning tasks. For example, brushes lightly dust
the tiniest figurine, they help scrub stains out of clothing and shoes, they remove grime
from tires, and they remove the dirt and debris found on floors with the help of a dust pan.

Plain sheet - Sheet metal is used for car bodies, airplane wings, medical tables, building
roofs (architecture), and many other applications. Sheets and other materials with high
magnetic permeability also called rolled steel cores have applications in transformers
and electrical machines.

Mop - A mop (such as a floor mop) is a mass or bundle of coarse strings or yarn, etc., or
a piece of cloth, sponge or other absorbent material, attached to a pole or stick. It is used
to soak up liquid, for cleaning floors and other surfaces, to mop up dust, or for other
cleaning purposes.

Shaft - The term shaft usually refers to a component of circular cross section that rotates
and transmits power from a driving device, such as a motor or engine, through a machine.
Shafts can carry gears, pulleys, and sprockets to transmit rotary motion and power via
mating gears, belts, and chains.

Bearings - are "parts that assist objects' rotation". They support the shaft that rotates inside
the machinery. Machines that use bearings include automobiles, airplanes, electric
generators and so on.

Chain - The purpose of a belt or chain drive is to transmit power from one rotating shaft to
another. Belt drives can be used to simply transmit power between one and another with
the speed of the driving and driven shaft equal.
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Crank - Sprockets are used in bicycles, motorcycles, tracked vehicles, and other
machinery either to transmit rotary motion between two shafts where gears are unsuitable
or to impart linear motion to a track, tape etc.

Sprinkler - Sprinkler/spray irrigation is the method of applying water to a controlled manner

in that is similar to rainfall. The water is distributed through a network that may consist of
pumps, valves, pipes, and sprinklers. Irrigation sprinklers can be used for residential,
industrial, and agricultural usage.

Container - Water containers are used to collect, transport, treat, store and consume
water. Whilst containers are often seen primarily as a means of transporting water, some
containers are used specifically for collecting water.