Cooling System

A cooling system works by

sending a liquid coolant through
passages in the engine block and
heads. As the coolant flows
through these passages, it picks
up heat from the engine. The
heated fluid then makes its way
through a rubber hose to the
radiator in the front of the car.
 Car Cooling System

• An automobile's cooling system is the collection of parts and

substances (coolants) that work together to maintain the
engine's temperature at optimal levels. Comprising many
different components such as water pump, coolant, a
thermostat etc. the system enables smooth and efficient
functioning of the engine at the same time protecting it from
damage
• An automotive cooling system must perform several functions
1. Remove excess from the engine
2. Maintain a consist engine temperature
 Need of Cooling System

• Get the engine up to optimum operating Temperature as quickly

as possible and maintains it at that temperature.
• Controls the heat produced in combustion chamber, so that the
engine parts are not damaged & the oil does not break down.
• The temperature of component must be maintained within
certain limit in order to obtain maximum performance of engine.
Adequate cooling is then a fundamental requirement associated
with reciprocating Internal Combustion engine.
 Type of Cooling System

• In order to cool the engine a cooling medium is required. On the

basis of medium ,in general use for cooling Internal Combustion
engine ,types of cooling system are:
• liquid or indirect cooling system.
• air or direct cooling system.
 Liquid Cooled System

A liquid is circulated around the

cylinders and absorb heat from the
cylinder walls and cylinder head.
Coolant absorbs heat as it passes
through the engine and also
lubricates the water pump. Hot
coolant enters the radiator in which
the heat is passed on to air that is
flowing through the radiator.
 Water Jackets

• Designed to keep engine block

and cylinder head cool.
• Open spaces between the
outside of cylinder and inside
of cylinder block and head.
• When engine is running at
normal operating temperature,
the coolant is forced through
the water jackets in the
engine block, through the head
gasket, into the head, and back
to the radiator.
 Water Pumps
• Draws the coolant from the radiator,
through the lower radiator hose, and then
forces it through the water jackets, back
into the radiator.
• If the clutch fan can be wiggled up and
down, most likely the water pump needs to
be replaced.
• Water pumps gasket is placed between the
water pump and the engine block to prevent
leakage (if left loose it might leak and if
tightened too much it might crack).
 Fan
The fan is mounted on the impeller
spindle driven by a suitable belt
pulley arrangement. Fan draws air
through the radiator at low speeds.
 Thermostat
Thermostat placed between the
cylinder head and top radiator
hose.
• The temperature that the
thermostat opens is called
thermostat rating.
• The thermostat's main job is to
allow the engine to heat up
quickly, and then to keep the
engine at a constant
temperature
 Radiator
Radiator is a heat exchanger that
removes heat from the coolant passing
through it.
• Vehicles equipped with automatic
transmission have transmission
cooler build into the radiator.
• The purpose of radiator is to provide
a large amount of cooling surface
area so that water passing downward
through it in thin stream is cooled
efficiently.
 Coolant Recovery Tank
Keeps the coolant level full in the system
at all times. Works in conjunction with the
radiator cap.
• When the engine heats up the coolant
expands and flows to the recovery tank.
• When the engine coolant the coolant
contracts and creates a vacuum and
draws the fluid back into the radiator.
• Reduces air in system
Reduces rust
• Less need to open radiator
 Air Cooled System
• In air cooled system a current of air
made to flow past the outside of the
cylinder barrel ,outer surface area which
has been considerably increased by
providing cooling fins.
• The amount of heat dissipated to air
depends upon :
• (a) Amount of air flowing through the
fins.
• (b) Fin surface area.
• (c) Thermal conductivity of metal use
for fins.
 Cooling Fins
In the study of heat transfer, a fin is a
surface that extends from an object to
increase the rate of heat transfer to or from
the environment by increasing convection.
The amount of conduction, convection, or
radiation of an object determines the amount
of heat it transfers. Increasing the
temperature difference between the object
and the environment, increasing the
convection heat transfer coefficient or
increasing the surface area of the object
increases the heat transfer.
 Baffles
The rate of heat transfer from the cylinder
walls can be substantially increased by using
baffles which force the air through the space
between the fins.
 Advantages and Disadvantages of
Liquid Cooling System

Advantages:

• Uniform cooling of cylinder, cylinder head and valves.

• Specific fuel consumption of engine improves by using water
cooling system.
• If we employ water cooling system, then engine need not be
provided at the front end of moving vehicle.
• Engine is less noisy as compared with air cooled engines, as it has
water for damping noise.
 Advantages and Disadvantages of
Liquid Cooling System

Disadvantages:

• It depends upon the supply of water.

• The water pump which circulates water absorbs considerable
power.
• If the water cooling system fails then it will result in severe
damage of engine.
• The water cooling system is costlier as it has more number of
parts. Also it requires more maintenance and care for its parts.
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Air
Cooling System

Advantages:

• Radiator/pump is absent hence the system is light.

• In case of water cooling system there are leakages, but in this
case here are no leakages.
• Coolant and antifreeze solutions are not required.
• This system can be used in cold climates, where if water is used it
may freeze.
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Air
Cooling System

Disadvantages:

• Comparatively it is less efficient.

• It is used in aero planes and motorcycle engines where the engines
are exposed to air directly.