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Lesson 1.2.2 Ellipse (Session 2 of 3)

This document provides an overview of a 30-minute lesson on ellipses that is the second of three sessions. It will cover deriving the equation of a vertical ellipse, an ellipse with a non-origin center, and an ellipse given some features. Examples are provided to distinguish horizontal and vertical ellipses based on the denominators in their equations. The lesson also derives the standard form equation for an ellipse with a non-origin center. Exercises are included to practice identifying ellipse properties and writing equations in standard form.

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65 views

Lesson 1.2.2 Ellipse (Session 2 of 3)

This document provides an overview of a 30-minute lesson on ellipses that is the second of three sessions. It will cover deriving the equation of a vertical ellipse, an ellipse with a non-origin center, and an ellipse given some features. Examples are provided to distinguish horizontal and vertical ellipses based on the denominators in their equations. The lesson also derives the standard form equation for an ellipse with a non-origin center. Exercises are included to practice identifying ellipse properties and writing equations in standard form.

Uploaded by

jvvuvuuv lopez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subject Code Math 5 Differential Calculus

Module Code 1.0 Conic Sections


Lesson Code 1.2.2 Ellipse (Session 2 of 3)
Time Frame 30 minutes

Component Tasks TAa ATAb


1
Target By the end of this module, the students should be able to
min
1. Differentiate horizontal and vertical ellipse and derive an
equation of a vertical ellipse;
2. Derive an equation of an ellipse whose center is not the origin;
3. Determine an equation for an ellipse given some of its parts or
features.
Hook During the previous session, you learned that the ellipse whose 3
center is at the origin, with (−𝑎, 0) and (𝑎, 0) as vertices, and mins
(0, −𝑏) and (0, 𝑏) as co-vertices will have an equation of the form
𝑥! 𝑦!
+ = 1.
𝑎! 𝑏 !
Also, if 𝑐 ! = 𝑎! − 𝑏! , then (−𝑐, 0) and (𝑐, 0) are the foci. For this
ellipse, the foci, vertices, and center line up along the horizontal
principal axis. We call this ellipse a horizontal ellipse because the
principal axis is horizontal. When the principal axis is vertical, the
ellipse is said to be vertical. What is an equation for a vertical
ellipse? Moreover, what is an equation for these ellipses whether
vertical or horizontal when the center is not at the origin? We will
answer these questions in today’s session.
Ellipses are not limited to vertical and horizontal ellipses. The
principal axis can be slanted an angle in which case, we get an
ellipse that is rotated at a certain angle. Similar to parabolas, we
will not be discussing them in this lesson.
Ignite Vertical Ellipses 5
mins
To get a handle of vertical ellipses, we simply note that
vertical ellipses are just horizontal ellipses that got reflected along
the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 and use what we know about reflection along 𝑦 =
𝑥.

Theorem If 2𝑎 is the constant sum referred to in the


definition of an ellipse, if the foci are (0, −𝑐) and (0, 𝑐), and
if 𝑏! = 𝑎! − 𝑐 ! , then an equation of the ellipse is

𝑥! 𝑦!
+ =1
𝑏 ! 𝑎!

Notice that the foci are now on the 𝑦 −axis. Also, this time
the 𝑦 −intercepts are ±𝑎 and the 𝑥 −intercepts are ±𝑏. Note that
since 𝑏! = 𝑎! − 𝑐 ! , 𝑎 > 𝑏. This means that the vertices which are
the farthest points to the center on the ellipse are (0, 𝑎) and
(0, −𝑎). They are now located on the 𝑦-axis. While the co-vertices
which are the closest points to the center on the ellipse are (𝑏, 0)
and (−𝑏, 0). These are now on the 𝑥 −axis. Indeed, the theorem
above talks about vertical ellipses. The equations for vertical and

Math 5 | Page 1 of 4
horizontal ellipses are very similar. Think about how you will
distinguish one from the other. Hint: You do this by paying close
attention to the denominators and noting that 𝑎 > 𝑏 in both cases.

Example Which of the following are horizontal ellipses and which


are vertical?
𝑥! 𝑦!
𝐴. + =1
9 25
𝑥! 𝑦!
𝐵. + =1
25 16
𝑥! 𝑦!
𝐶. + −1=0
36 40
𝐷. 25𝑥 ! = 4225 − 169𝑦 !

Solution Note that in an equation for a horizontal ellipse, 𝑎! is the


denominator of the variable 𝑥, while for a vertical ellipse, it is the
denominator for the variable 𝑦. Furthermore, since 𝑏 was defined
by the equation 𝑏! = 𝑎! − 𝑐 ! , 𝑎 must be greater than 𝑏. In other
words, 𝑎! must always be larger than 𝑏! . This means that if the
larger denominator is that of the variable 𝑥, then the ellipse is
horizontal. If the larger denominator is that of the variable 𝑦, the
ellipse is vertical. This is of course after writing the equation in the
form
𝑥! 𝑦! 𝑥! 𝑦!
+ = 1 𝑜𝑟 + = 1.
𝑎! 𝑏 ! 𝑏 ! 𝑎!
Thus,
A. vertical
B. horizontal
C. vertical
D. horizontal since the equation is equivalent to
"! &!
#$% + !' = 1

Navigate Exercises 1 Identify the coordinates of the center, vertices, co- 5


vertices, foci, length of major axis and length of the minor axis of mins
the ellipse whose equation is given below.
!! #!
1.
""
+ $% = 1
2. 81𝑥 ! = 81 − 𝑦 ! .

Ignite Ellipses with center at (𝒉, 𝒌) 1


mins
Using our experience with parabola whose vertex is at (ℎ, 𝑘),
we already know what to do to derive an equation for an ellipse
whose center is (ℎ, 𝑘).

Math 5 | Page 2 of 4
Theorem If the center of an ellipse is at (ℎ, 𝑘), the distance
between the vertices is 2𝑎 and the distance between the co-
vertices is 2𝑏, then an equation of the ellipse is of the form
(𝑥 − ℎ)! (𝑦 − 𝑘)!
+ = 1 (𝑎 > 𝑏)
𝑎! 𝑏!
if the ellipse is horizontal, and
(𝑥 − ℎ)! (𝑦 − 𝑘)!
+ = 1 (𝑎 > 𝑏)
𝑏! 𝑎!
if the ellipse is vertical.

These are called the standard form of an equation of an ellipse.


Navigate Exercises 2 Give an equation in standard form of the horizontal or 14
vertical ellipse described below: mins
1. the vertical ellipse centered at (−2, −5) whose major axis is
20 units, whose foci are 12 units apart
2. center at (3, −2), a vertex at (−12, −2) and a focus at
(−6, −2)
3. vertices at (1,6) and (1, −4) and a co-vertex at (−2,1)
4. center is (7,4), and (7,8) and (1,4) are two points on the
ellipse.
5. (Level 2 only) foci at D±2√5, 1F and passes through the point
D−3√2, 1 + 2√2F

Knot In this session, you learned about horizontal and vertical 1


ellipses. If the larger denominator is that of the variable 𝑥, then the min
ellipse is horizontal. If the larger denominator is that of the
variable 𝑦, the ellipse is vertical. We also learned how to deal with
ellipses whose center is at (ℎ, 𝑘).

Answers

Exercises 1
1. 𝑎 = 6 2 "!
(#
+ 𝑦 ! = 1,
𝑏 = √11 .
𝑎=9
𝑐=5
𝑏=1
center: (0,0)
𝑐 = 4√5
foci: (0, ±5)
center: (0,0)
vertices: (0, ±6)
foci: D0, ±4√5F
co-vertices: D±√11, 0F
vertices: (0, ±9)
major axis: 12 units
co-vertices: (±1,0)
minor axis: 2√11 units
major axis: 18 units
minor axis: 2 units
Exercises 2
("*!)! (&*')!
1. $,
+ #--
=1
("./)! (&*!)!
2. !!'
+ #,,
=1
(".#)! (&.#)!
3. %
+ !'
=1

Math 5 | Page 3 of 4
(".0)! (&.,)!
4. /$
+ #$
=1
"! (&.#)!
5. (Level 2 Only) /$ + #$
=1

a
TA – time allocation suggested by the teacher
b
ATA – actual time allocation spent by the student (for the evaluation of learning guide purposes)

References
Leithold, L. (1995) The Calculus 7. HarperCollins College Division
Stewart, J. (2016) Calculus: Early Transcendentals. Cengage Learning

Prepared by: Angela Faith B. Daguman Reviewed by: Clifford Jed A. De Leon
Position: Special Science Teacher (SST) IV Position: Special Science Teacher (SST) III
Campus: PSHS-MC Campus: PSHS-CARC

Math 5 | Page 4 of 4

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