ELLA MARIE M.

RETIZA

BSN 2-B3

SAS 20: SAMPLING

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING: Short Quiz. You are to identify whether the following is a sample,

sampling unit, universe, target population or subject population.

1. Student A from BSN block 2

ANSWER: Subject Population- This is the group of individuals or objects chosen to provide actual data and
information needed in research.
2. Physical Therapy students
ANSWER: Universe - The universe is a totality of elements to which research findings may apply. This also refers
to the target population, the group of people or objects from which the researcher intends to collect data and
generalize the findings of the study.
3. All Pharmacy students in PHINMA colleges and universities
ANSWER: Target Population -This is the group of individuals or objects which is of interest to the researcher and
about which speculative information is desired.
4. OB-Gyne Unit
ANSWER: Sampling Unit- A sampling unit refers to a specific area or place which can be used during the sampling
process.
5. Clinical Instructors in the ICU Unit of Sacred Heart Hospital
ANSWER: Subject Population- This is the group of individuals or objects chosen to provide actual data and
information needed in research.
6. Covid Ward

ANSWER: Sampling unit- A sampling unit refers to a specific area or place which can be used during the
sampling process.

7. Affiliating students to the National Center for Mental Health

ANSWER: Target Population- This is the group of individuals or objects which is of interest to the researcher and
about which speculative information is desired.

8. Frontliners
ANSWER: Universe- The universe is a totality of elements to which research findings may apply. This also refers
to the target population, the group of people or objects from which the researcher intends to collect data and
generalize the findings of the study.
9. All BMLS junior students-
ANSWER: Target Population- Target Population is the group of individuals or objects which is of interest to the
researcher and about which speculative information is desired.
10. Group A level 2 students assigned in DR
ANSWER: Subject Population- This is the group of individuals or objects chosen to provide actual data and
information needed in research.
 ELLAASILO,
MARIE
ALIZAQUINCY
G.M. FAYE T.
RETIZA
JAYME -B3
BSN 2-A1 NUR 027

SAS 21: SAMPLING DESIGN

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING: Short Quiz. You are to compute for the sample size by writing the formula
and complete solution. Borrowing of calculators is not allowed (10 points).

Formula: n = ___N____

1+ (N x e²)
Solution:
Given: SURVEY OF FRONTLINERS
N= 32 + 45 + 41 = 118
Unit A = 32
N= 118/1 + (118 x 00.6²)
Unit B = 45 = 118/1 + (118 x 00.36)
Unit C = 41 = 118/1 + (.4248)
= 118/1.4248
N = 118 = 82.82
E=6 = 83 The final answer is 83

SAS 22: PROBABILITY SAMPLING

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING: Short Quiz. You are to identify the type of probability sampling associated
with the following keyword/s. Erasures and superimpositions will be marked wrong (10 points).

ANSWERS: RATIONALE:
Systematic or sequential sampling is the selection of samples in
1. Systemic or Sequential sequence according to a predetermined modality such as: every
Sampling 10th name in a list of patients in odd or even numbered rooms;
every 5th house on the block; every 6th baby in the nursery. This

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 is used when a sampling frame is not available. The sample can
also be drawn from a sampling list. Sequence of selection can also
be done in odd or even numbered names on the sampling list.
Cluster sampling or multi-stage sampling is the successive
2. Cluster or Multi-Stage selection of random samples from larger to smaller units by using
Sampling either simple random or stratified random methods. It involves
several stages in drawing the samples from the population.
Stratified random sampling divides the population into
homogenous subgroups from which elements are selected at
3. Stratified Random
random. This is done to ensure representatives of the sample size
Sampling
by grouping elements with similar strata an selected the desired
number of elements.
Systematic or sequential sampling is the selection of samples in
sequence according to a predetermined modality such as: every
10th name in a list of patients in odd or even numbered rooms;
4. Systemic or Sequential
every 5th house on the block; every 6th baby in the nursery. This
Sampling
is used when a sampling frame is not available. The sample can
also be drawn from a sampling list. Sequence of selection can also
be done in odd or even numbered names on the sampling list.
Systematic or sequential sampling is the selection of samples in
sequence according to a predetermined modality such as: every
10th name in a list of patients in odd or even numbered rooms;
5. Systemic or Sequential
every 5th house on the block; every 6th baby in the nursery. This
Sampling
is used when a sampling frame is not available. The sample can
also be drawn from a sampling list. Sequence of selection can also
be done in odd or even numbered names on the sampling list.
The selection of samples on random basis from a sampling frame.
Each element has an equal chance or probability of being chosen
6. Simple Random as subject of the study. It involves the use of a sampling frame,
Sampling listing all the elements in the population from which the sample is
drawn, using the table of random numbers, computer software
generated table of random numbers or a lottery.
The selection of samples on random basis from a sampling frame.
Each element has an equal chance or probability of being chosen
7. Simple Random as subject of the study. It involves the use of a sampling frame,
Sampling listing all the elements in the population from which the sample is
drawn, using the table of random numbers, computer software
generated table of random numbers or a lottery.
The selection of samples on random basis from a sampling frame.
Each element has an equal chance or probability of being chosen
8. Simple Random as subject of the study. It involves the use of a sampling frame,
Sampling listing all the elements in the population from which the sample is
drawn, using the table of random numbers, computer software
generated table of random numbers or a lottery.

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 The selection of samples on random basis from a sampling frame.
Each element has an equal chance or probability of being chosen
9. Simple Random as subject of the study. It involves the use of a sampling frame,
Sampling listing all the elements in the population from which the sample is
drawn, using the table of random numbers, computer software
generated table of random numbers or a lottery.
10. Systemic or Sequential Systematic or sequential sampling is the selection of samples in
Sampling sequence according to a predetermined modality.

SAS 23: NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING: Short Quiz. You are to identify the type of probability sampling associated
with the following keywords. Erasures and superimpositions will be marked wrong (10 points)

ANSWERS: RATIONALE:
1. Purposive or Judgement The subjects in purposive sampling are handpicked to be included
Sampling in the sampling frame based on certain qualities for purposes of
the study. Subjects are viewed as “typical cases” or “experts” that
provide enough data to answer the research questions.
2. Accidental or Accidental or convenience sampling uses the most readily
Convenience Sampling available or most convenient group of people as study
respondents. They are also called as volunteer samples. It is used
when it is extremely difficult to select either a random or a non-
random sample.
3. Accidental or Uses the most readily available or most convenient group of
Convenience Sampling people as study respondents. They are also called as volunteer
samples. It is used when it is extremely difficult to select either a
random or a non-random sample. It is also called Haphazard, Grab,
or Opportunity Sampling.
4. Consecutive Sampling It is considered the best of all non-probability/non-random
sampling methods because it includes all subjects that are
available that makes the sample a better representation of the
entire population. It has similarity with convenience sampling.
5. Quota Sampling The researcher identifies the population to be studied and
determines the proportion needed in the population. Quota
Sampling divides the population into homogenous sub-population
to ensure the presence of representative proportions of the
various strata in the sample.
6. Snowball or Network Snowball or network sampling consist of identifying few persons
Sampling who meet the inclusion criteria of the study and who in turn refer
other individual who may be interviewed. It is also called Chain,
Referral or Reputational sampling. This is used to gain access to
people who are difficult to identify. This process continues until
the desired number of respondents is reached.

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 7. Purposive or Judgement The subjects in purposive sampling are handpicked to be included
Sampling in the sampling frame based on certain qualities for purposes of
the study. Subjects are viewed as “typical cases” or “experts” that
provide enough data to answer the research questions. Purposive
sampling is commonly used in qualitative studies. When using this
method, sampling is done with a purpose in mind.
8. Accidental or Accidental or convenience sampling uses the most readily
Convenience Sampling available or most convenient group of people as study
respondents. They are also called as volunteer samples. It is used
when it is extremely difficult to select either a random or a non-
random sample. It is also called Haphazard, Grab, or Opportunity
Sampling.
9. Theoretical Sampling It seeks to discover categories and their properties in order to
explain interrelationships that exist within the theory that has
already been studied. It is one of the tool of qualitative research.
10. Snowball or Network Snowball or network sampling consist of identifying few persons
Sampling who meet the inclusion criteria of the study and who in turn refer
other individual who may be interviewed.

SAS 24: RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING: Short Quiz. You are to write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if
the statement is incorrect. Erasures and superimpositions will be marled wrong. (10 points)

ANSWERS AND RATIONALE:

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

RATIONALE: Free response can be tabulated but researchers may have difficulties in time and expense
for tabulating and summarizing the results.
3. FALSE

RATIONALE: Base questions on literature , if not enough literature, then ask logical questions.
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
6. TRUE
7. TRUE
8. TRUE
9. TRUE
10. FALSE

RATIONALE: A questionnaire is translated in the language/dialect most familiar to the respondents for
easy interpretation.

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 SAS 25: OTHER TYPES OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING: Students will be instructed to write TRUE if the statement is correct and
FALSE if the statement is incorrect. (10 points)

ANSWERS AND RATIONALE:

1. FALSE

RATIONALE: An interview guide consisting of pertinent questions is used in informal interviews.

2. FALSE

RATIONALE: Visual analogues used to measure subjective experiences of the respondents such as
pain, fatigue and nausea to name a few.
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE

RATIONALE: Graphic rating scale is a scale in which respondents are asked to rate something (e.g.,
concept or an issue) along an ordered, numbered continuum, typically on a bipolar dimension.
6. TRUE
7. TRUE
8. FALSE

RATIONALE: Verbal and non-verbal behavior of respondents can be observed in interviews.

9. TRUE
10. TRUE

SAS 26: ETHICS IN RESEARCH

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING: Graded Recitation. Students will be instructed to read the situation given
below and to answer the following questions in not more than 5 sentences.

1. Does this study involve human subjects? Why? Why not?

 No, because the investigator has proposed only using his colleague's database and doing
secondary research analysis based on the facts given above. This indicates that there has
been no interaction and/or intervention with actual people happened, and hence the data is
considered anonymous and thus unidentifiable by the investigator.

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 2. Is the study ethical? Why? Why not?

 Yes, with respect to the investigator's intended use of his colleague's coded data, informed
consent is obtained, along with agreement from both parties. Moreover, it does not infringe
on an individual's right to privacy, hence it will be kept private and anonymous.

SAS 27: ETHICAL THEORIES IN RESEARCH

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING: Short Quiz. Basic Analogy. This is a test of logical relations. You are to read
and analyze the inferences given then supply the word/group of missing word/s. Erasures and
superimpositions will be marked wrong. (10 points)

ANSWERS AND RATIONALE:

1. Principlism; Reflective Approach: Institutionism; Deductive approach
2. Teleology; greatest good: Deontology; duty based
3. Ethics of Care; caring: Virtue ethics; virtue
4. Deductive: general: Inductive; particular
5. Deontology; cause of justice: Teleology; “the end justifies the means”
6. Kant; Deontology: Roach; Virtue Ethics
7. Arete; virtue: Virtus; manliness
8. Intuitionism; insights: Teleology; consequences
9. Deon; one must: telos; end
10. Teleology; Deductive: Ethics of Care; Inductive

SAS 28: ETHICAL PRINCIPLES AND GUILDELINES FOR NURSE RESEARCHERS

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING: Short Quiz. You are to read and analyze the questions carefully and write
your answers in CAPITAL letters only. Erasures and superimpositions will be marked wrong. (10 points)

ANSWERS: RATIUONALE:
The rights of all involved in the study must be protected and respected. These
1. C include the right to self-determination, right to remain anonymous or the right
to confidentiality of personal information.
The researcher breached the participant's right to self-determination since she
was not ready to participate and one of the researchers registered her without
2. B
her full consent. This refers to the right of prospective participants to voluntarily
participate or refuse to participate in the study. There should be no undue

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 pressure or coercion, such as threat of penalty for failing to participate or
excessive rewards for agreeing to participate.
Debriefing sessions after data collection is completed will allow participants to
ask questions or air their complaints. Debriefing is a formal strategy that
3. B researchers can use to communicate their respect and concern for the
participants especially when data collection has been stressful or if ethical
guidelines were ignored e.g. deception (Polit & Beck, 2008).
Research participants have the right to privacy and confidentiality, consistent
with respect for human dignity, particularly when anticipated results have
4. C
negative implications on them. The researcher shall exercise prudence in making
pronouncements regarding the results of the study.
The participants must be fully informed about the nature of research, its
5. D purposes and potential risks and benefits. They must have the power of free
choice to voluntarily consent to or decline participation in the study.
This refers to the right of prospective participants to voluntarily participate or
refuse to participate in the study. There should be no undue pressure or
6. D
coercion, such as threat of penalty for failing to participate or excessive rewards
for agreeing to participate.
Freedom from physical and psychological harm in the principle of beneficence
7. B
will not present assent in the study.
The Institutional Review Board (IRB) is an independent organization that reviews
and approves human subjects research. The IRB's principal goal is to protect the
8. D
rights and welfare of human subjects by ensuring that researchers follow ethical
principles.
The researcher should respect the right to intellectual property and must
guarantee factual and evidencebased data. There should be no plagiarism or
9. A
presenting the ideas or words of another as one’s own or distortion or fabrication
of data for purpose of completing research on time.
The participants must be safe from situations that will expose them to threats or
liabilities. Any information provided by the participant must not be used against
them. Moreover, the relationship established during the research process must
10. D be beneficial to both the researcher and the participants without any consequent
risks that may arise from the outcome of the study. There should also be no
exploitation of self as researcher, as well as the research assistants during the
study period.

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 SAS 29: CONTENT OF INFORMED CONSENT

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING: Short Quiz. You are to read and analyze the informed consent below then
identify the parts of the informed consent on the blanks provided by writing the number representing it.
Erasures and superimpositions will be marked wrong. (15 points).

Informed Consent Form

1 – I understand that I am being asked to participate in a research study at Excel Hospital and
Medical Center.

2 – This research study will evaluate; What it is like being a mother of multiples during the first year of
the infants’ lives.
3, 5 – If I agree to participate in the study, I will be interviewed for approximately 30 to 60
minutes about my experience as a mother of multiple infants.
4 – The interview will be tape-recorded and take place in a private office at Saint Francis
Hospital. 12 – No identifying information will be included when the interview is transcribed.
11 – I understand I will receive P5,000.00 for participating in the
study. 8 – There are no known risks associated with this study.
7 – I realize that I may not participate in the study if I am younger than 18 years of age or I cannot
speak English.
10 – I realize that the knowledge gained from this study may help either me or other mothers
of Multiple infants in the future.
13 – I realize that my participation in this study is entirely voluntary and I may withdraw from
the study at any time I wish.
14 – If I decide to discontinue my participation in this study. I will Continue to be treated in the
usual and customary fashion.
12 – I understand that all study data will be kept confidential. However, this information may be used
in nursing publications or presentations.
8 – I understand that if I sustain injuries from my participation in this research project. I will not
be automatically compensated by Excel Hospital and Medical Center.

15 – If I need to, I can contact Dr. Sheree Ganzon, University of Pangasinan, College of Nursing, any
time during the study.

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 1,2 – The study has been explained to me. I have read and understand this consent form, all of my
Questions have been answered and I agree to participate. I will be given a Copy signed consent
form.

SAS 30: TREATMENT OF VULNERABLE GROUPS

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING: Short Quiz. You are to write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if
the statement is incorrect. Erasures and superimpositions will be marked wrong (10 points).

ANSWERS AND RATIONALE:

1. FALSE

RATIONALE: Individuals whose disability makes it impossible for them to weigh the risk and benefits of
participation (e.g. people affected by cognitive impairment, coma and so on) also cannot legally or
ethically provide informed consent. In such cases, researchers should obtain the written consent of a
legal guardian. To the extent possible, informed consent or assent from participants themselves should
be sought as a supplement to consent by a guardian.
2. FALSE

RATIONALE: Individuals whose disability makes it impossible for them to weigh the risk and benefits of
participation (e.g. people affected by cognitive impairment, coma and so on) also cannot legally or
ethically provide informed consent. In such cases, researchers should obtain the written consent of a
legal guardian. To the extent possible, informed consent or assent from participants themselves should
be sought as a supplement to consent by a guardian.
3. TRUE
4. FALSE

RATIONALE: Pregnant women are required to meet certain health conditions in order to participate in
the study, but no direct reward or money is provided.
5. FALSE

RATIONALE: Even if medical professionals permit the researchers, it is up to the guardian to enable the
individual to engage in the study via informed permission.
6. TRUE
7. TRUE
8. TRUE
9. TRUE
10. TRUE

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