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Laser Application

A barcode scanner consists of three main parts: an illumination system, sensor, and decoder. The illumination system shines light onto the barcode, which is reflected back to the sensor. The sensor detects the light reflections and generates a signal sent to the decoder. The decoder interprets the signal, validates the barcode, and converts it into text data sent to a computer system.

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Aditya Pratap Singh
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43 views

Laser Application

A barcode scanner consists of three main parts: an illumination system, sensor, and decoder. The illumination system shines light onto the barcode, which is reflected back to the sensor. The sensor detects the light reflections and generates a signal sent to the decoder. The decoder interprets the signal, validates the barcode, and converts it into text data sent to a computer system.

Uploaded by

Aditya Pratap Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BARCODE SCANNER

Types of Barcode
BAR CODE SCANNER

A barcode scanner usually consists of three different parts:

1. Illumination system
2. Sensor
3. Decoder
Barcode scanner “scans” the black and white elements of a
barcode by illuminating the code with a light.

Sensor in the barcode scanner detects the reflected light from the bar
code and generates an analog signal that is sent to the decoder.

The decoder interprets that signal, validates the barcode using the check
digit, and converts it into text. This converted text is delivered by the
scanner to a computer software system holding a database of the maker,
cost, and quantity of all products.
Scanning head shines LED or laser light onto barcode.

Light reflects back off barcode into a light-detecting electronic component


called a photo diode. White areas of the barcode reflect most light and
black areas reflect least.

As the scanner moves past the barcode, the cell generates a pattern of
on-off pulses that correspond to the black and white stripes.

An electronic circuit attached to the scanner converts these on-off


pulses into digits.
The digital data from the scanner is sent to a computer program, which
figures out the final barcode.
Holography
Theory developed in 1947 by scientist Dennis Gabor winning
the Nobel Prize in 1971

Word Origin : Hologram is from the Greek word

holos, meaning whole and gramma means writing .


Holography is the process or technique of making three-
dimensional image of the object. A hologram is produced by
the interaction (interference) of two beams of laser light, one
is the object beam coming through the object and another is
the reference beam coming directly from the source.
Construction of Hologram
Principle of Holography
• During the recording process, object wave (wave illuminating the object) and
the reference wave (coming directly from source) interfere in the plane of the
recording medium and produce interference fringes. This photographic plate
carrying the interference pattern is called Hologram.

• The interference fringes contain all the information about the intensity and
the phase of the scattered beam from object.

• In the reconstruction process, the hologram acts as diffraction grating. This is


illuminated by a wave called the reconstruction wave (in most cases this
similar to the reference wave used for recording the hologram) and the image
of the object is reconstructed from the hologram.
Reconstruction of an image from Hologram
Reconstruction of an image from Hologram
• To view the image, the hologram is again illuminated with another
laser beam called the reconstruction beam which is at same angle as
reference beam.

• Hologram acts as a diffraction grating.

• This form a real image in front of the hologram and a virtual image
behind the hologram.

• The virtual image has all the characteristic of the object. The real
image can be photographed directly without using a lens.
Comparison:

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