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Chapter 5, Managing diversity

Management 2 (Lebanese American University)

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Management, 13e (Robbins)

Chapter 5 Managing Diversity

1) The ways in which people in an organization are different from and similar to one another is
known as ________.
A) business etiquette
B) work culture
C) workplace diversity
D) organizational democracy
Answer: C
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

2) The period of time between the 1960s to 1970s focused on ________.

A) assimilating minorities and women into the corporate setting
B) making employees more aware and sensitive to the needs and differences of others
C) diversity and inclusion for business success, profitability, and growth
D) complying with laws and regulations through affirmative action policies and programs
Answer: D
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

3) Soon after Jeff was hired as a company accountant, his company developed corporate
programs to help improve self-confidence and qualifications of diverse employees so they could
"fit in." During which period of time did Jeff start working for his employers?
A) new millennium
B) 1960s to 1970s
C) early 1980s
D) late 1980s to late 1990s
Answer: C
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Application of knowledge
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Application

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4) During which era was the term "workforce diversity" first used?
A) new millennium
B) late 1980s
C) 1960s to 1970s
D) early 1980s
Answer: B
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

5) Which of the following was a feature of the period from the late 1980s to the late 1990s in
terms of workplace diversity?
A) shifting from compliance and focusing only on women and minorities to including everyone
B) focusing on complying with laws and regulations, such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
C) seeing workplace diversity as a core business issue, important to achieve business success,
profitability, and growth
D) developing corporate programs to help improve self-confidence and qualifications of diverse
individuals so they can "fit in"
Answer: A
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

6) In terms of workplace diversity, the New Millennium has witnessed increased focus on
________.
A) complying with laws and regulations laid down by the Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission
B) assimilating minorities and women employees into the corporate setting
C) shifting from compliance to include everyone in diversification efforts
D) diversity and inclusion for business success, profitability, and growth
Answer: D
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

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7) People are going to be different. The focus of managers should be ________.

A) to find ways to keep various groups within the workforce from creating conflict
B) to find ways to develop strong relationships with and engage the entire workforce
C) to make sure the practices within their departments comply with the letter of the laws
governing discrimination in employment
D) to find commonalities among various groups displaying surface-level diversity
Answer: B
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

8) Jack and Jill are discussing the new hire in their department: her hair color, skin tone, manner
of dress, and accent. Jack and Jill are focusing on ________.
A) surface level diversity
B) deep-level diversity
C) stereotypes
D) biases
Answer: A
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Application of knowledge
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Application

9) Which of the following demographic characteristics reflects surface-level diversity?

A) differences in values
B) ethnicity
C) personality
D) work preferences
Answer: B
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

10) Amanda works as a technical support executive at ColorWare Systems. Which of the
following factors, if true, could trigger certain stereotypes about Amanda among her co-workers,
though not necessarily reflecting the way they feel or think about her?
A) Amanda does not believe in engaging in gossip about her coworkers.
B) Amanda prefers working late every evening to working over the weekend.
C) Amanda has a Swedish mother and an African American father.
D) Amanda tends to dominate discussions among her co-workers.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Application of knowledge
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Application
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11) How does surface-level diversity differ from deep-level diversity?

A) Surface-level diversity is reflected by differences in personality and values, while deep-level
diversity is influenced by age and ethnic differences.
B) Surface-level diversity can affect the way people view organizational rewards and their
communication with others, while deep-level diversity does not necessarily reflect the ways
people think or feel.
C) Surface-level diversity can affect the way people perceive others, especially in terms of
assumptions or stereotyping, while deep-level diversity may affect general behavior of people at
work.
D) Surface-level diversity becomes more important as people get to know each other, while
deep-level diversity becomes less relevant with increasing familiarity between people.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

12) In the process of getting acquainted, John and his new co-worker Bill have discovered they
have different tastes in music and books, that one is extroverted and the other introverted, that
one prefers working in teams and the other works best alone. They are exploring ________.
A) surface-level diversity
B) deep-level diversity
C) stereotypes
D) biases
Answer: B
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Application of knowledge
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Application

13) Differences arising from which of the following factors becomes more important to people as
they get to know each other?
A) gender
B) ethnicity
C) sexual orientation
D) personality
Answer: D
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

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14) Which of the following people management benefits arises from workplace diversity?
A) improved system flexibility
B) potential to increase market share
C) increased understanding of the marketplace
D) better use of employee talent
Answer: D
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

15) Ben is selecting members for a problem-solving team. Which of the following team
compositions is most likely to result in better team performance?
A) employees with at least ten years of seniority
B) employees from the quality department
C) employees from a variety of ethnic and gender backgrounds
D) an all-male or all-female team
Answer: C
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Application of knowledge

16) Which of the following benefits of workplace diversity contributes to organizational

performance?
A) reduced costs associated with high turnover and absenteeism
B) potential source of competitive advantage from improved innovation efforts
C) increased understanding of the marketplace and improved ability to better market to diverse
customers
D) ability to attract and retain employees of diverse backgrounds
Answer: A
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

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17) In his exit interview, James, a member of a minority group, mentioned that he had been
passed over for promotions in favor of less qualified internal candidates. This situation relates to
________.
A) people management
B) organizational performance
C) organizational strategy
D) deep-level diversity
Answer: B
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Application of knowledge
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Application

18) When the VP of marketing selected the new product development team members, he made
sure there was a mix of ages, genders, and ethnicities on the team. This VP was most concerned
with ________.
A) people management
B) organization performance
C) organization strategy
D) legal compliance
Answer: C
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Application of knowledge
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Application

19) Which of the following benefits of workplace diversity is categorized as strategic?

A) better use of talent
B) improved system flexibility
C) potential to improve market share
D) reduced costs associated with high turnover
Answer: C
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

20) The concept of workforce diversity expanded from compliance to an issue of business
survival during the early 1980s.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

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21) Workplace diversity refers exclusively to the differences between employee characteristics.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

22) Demographic characteristics such as differences in age, gender, race, etc. reflect surface-
level diversity among employees.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

23) Deep-level diversity refers to easily perceived differences that may trigger certain
stereotypes, but that do not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

24) An important impact that workplace diversity has on organizational performance is through
the increase in employee turnover.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

25) One of the strategic benefits of workplace diversity is that it can be viewed as the "right"
thing to do.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning; Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

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26) Define "workplace diversity." Provide a brief description of the evolution of workplace
diversity over the last five decades.
Answer: Workplace diversity is defined as the ways in which people in an organization are
different from and similar to one another. This definition reinforces the belief that managers and
organizations should view employees as having qualities in common as well as differences that
separate them.
The following table gives a description of the timeline of the evolution of workforce diversity:
1960s to 1970s - Focus on complying with laws and regulations: Title VII of Civil Rights Act;
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; affirmative action policies and programs.
Early 1980s - Focus on assimilating minorities and women into corporate setting: Corporate
programs developed to help improve self-confidence and qualifications of diverse individuals so
they can "fit in."
Late 1980s - Concept of workforce diversity expanded from compliance to an issue of business
survival: Publication of Workforce 2000 opened business leaders' eyes about the future
composition of workforce–that is, more diverse; first use of term workforce diversity.
Late 1980s to Late 1990s - Focus on fostering sensitivity: Shift from compliance and focusing
only on women and minorities to including everyone; making employees more aware and
sensitive to the needs and differences of others.
New Millennium - Focus on diversity and inclusion for business success: Workforce diversity
seen as core business issue; important to achieve business success, profitability, and growth.
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Written and oral communication
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

27) Briefly explain the demographic characteristics that affect workforce diversity.
Answer: The demographic characteristics that we tend to think of when we think of diversity –
age, race, gender, ethnicity, etc. – are just the tip of the iceberg. These demographic differences
reflect surface-level diversity, which are easily perceived differences that may trigger certain
stereotypes, but that do not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel. Such surface-level
differences in characteristics can affect the way people perceive others, especially when it comes
to assumptions or stereotyping. However, as people get to know one another, these surface-level
differences become less important and deep-level diversity – differences in values, personality,
and work preferences – becomes more important. These deep-level differences can affect the
way people view organizational work rewards, communicate, react to leaders, negotiate, and
generally behave at work.
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Written and oral communication
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

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28) Give a brief description of the people management benefits derived from workplace
diversity.
Answer: The people management benefits that organizations get because of their workforce
diversity efforts revolve around attracting and retaining a talented workforce. Organizations want
a talented workforce because it's the people – their skills, abilities, and experiences who make an
organization successful. Positive and explicit workforce diversity efforts can help organizations
attract and keep talented diverse people and make the best of the talents those individuals bring
to the workplace. In addition, another important people management benefit is that as companies
rely more on employee teams in the workplace, those work teams with diverse backgrounds
often bring different and unique perspectives to discussions, which can result in more creative
ideas and solutions. However, recent research has indicated that such benefits might be hard to
come by in teams performing more interdependent tasks over a long period of time. Such
situations also present more opportunities for conflicts and resentments to build. But, as the
researchers pointed out, that simply means that those teams may need stronger team training and
coaching to facilitate group decision making and conflict resolution.
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Written and oral communication
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

29) What benefits does workplace diversity afford an organization in terms of its performance?
Answer: The performance benefits that organizations get from workforce diversity include cost
savings and improvements in organizational functioning. The cost savings can be significant
when organizations that cultivate a diverse workforce reduce employee turnover, absenteeism,
and the chance of lawsuits. Organizational performance can be enhanced through workforce
diversity because of improved problem-solving abilities and system flexibility. An organization
with a diverse workforce can tap into the variety of skills and abilities represented and just the
fact that its workforce is diverse requires that processes and procedures be more accommodative
and inclusive.
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Written and oral communication
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept

30) How is workplace diversity beneficial to organizations from an ethical perspective?

Answer: From an ethical perspective, workforce diversity and effectively managing diversity is
the right thing to do. Although many societies have laws that say it's illegal to treat diverse
people unfairly, many cultures also exhibit a strong ethical belief that diverse people should have
access to equal opportunities and be treated fairly and justly. Businesses do have an ethical
imperative to build relationships that value and enable all employees to be successful. Managers
need to view workforce diversity as a way to bring different voices to the table and to build an
environment based on trusting relationships.
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Ethical understanding and reasoning;
Written and oral communication
Learning Obj.: LO 5.1: Define workplace diversity and explain why managing it is so important
Classification: Concept
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31) Which of the following correctly reflects the characteristics of the current U.S. population?
A) Nearly one in five Americans today is an immigrant.
B) The median age of the U.S. population has risen significantly over the last decade.
C) The Asian population in the United States is presently the largest ethnic group.
D) The Hispanic community represents nearly one-third of the total U.S. population.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.2: Describe the changing workplaces in the United States and around the
world
Classification: Concept

32) As chief of new product development for a U.S. consumer goods firm, Carmen should be
very aware that ________ is likely to have the greatest influence on consumer preferences for the
next few decades.
A) changes in religion
B) the aging of the population
C) declining birth rates
D) increasing inflation
Answer: B
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.2: Describe the changing workplaces in the United States and around the
world
Classification: Application

33) Which of the following statements is true of the changing trends in U.S. workplaces?
A) The surge in immigration, especially over the last two decades, has flooded the United States
with low-wage foreign labor.
B) Organizations must recognize that they can't expect employees to assimilate into the
organization by adopting similar attitudes and values.
C) In most U.S. metropolitan cities, more immigrants are employed in low-wage jobs like
construction, cleaning, or manufacturing, than in white-collar occupations.
D) People now entering the workforce are significantly older, less ethnically diverse and/or
native-born.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.2: Describe the changing workplaces in the United States and around the
world
Classification: Concept

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34) The total world population is forecasted to hit 9 billion by 2050, at which point the United
Nations predicts the total population will either stabilize or peak after growing for centuries at an
ever-accelerating rate. The main reason for this major shift is ________.
A) the unprecedented rate at which world population is aging
B) the decline in birthrates as nations advance economically
C) the high level of mobility of the international workforce across national borders
D) the alarming rate of depletion of natural resources necessary for sustaining the population
Answer: B
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.2: Describe the changing workplaces in the United States and around the
world
Classification: Concept

35) Which of the following trends has been observed in the world population in terms of aging?
A) People aged 65 and older will soon outnumber children under age 5 for the first time in
history.
B) The world's population aged 80 and over is projected to decrease 233% by 2040.
C) The world's population is growing older, but at a slower rate than it did in comparison with
the previous two centuries.
D) As nations have advanced economically, birthrates have increased in proportion to the
growing world population.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.2: Describe the changing workplaces in the United States and around the
world
Classification: Concept

36) Trends observed in the shifting world population indicate that people aged 65 or more will
soon outnumber those aged 5 or less. Also, the world's population aged over 80 is expected to
more than double by the year 2040. Which of the following is a likely implication of such
population trends?
A) decreasing demands on social entitlement programs
B) increasing global savings rates
C) dwindling labor supply
D) decreasing preference for white-collar occupations
Answer: C
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.2: Describe the changing workplaces in the United States and around the
world
Classification: Concept

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37) According to projections of the U.S. population, the ethnic groups that will exhibit the most
change are the Hispanic and African American populations.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.2: Describe the changing workplaces in the United States and around the
world
Classification: Concept

38) The main reason for the predicted stabilization of world population growth by 2050 is the
decline in birthrates as nations advance economically.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.2: Describe the changing workplaces in the United States and around the
world
Classification: Concept

39) People aged 65 and older are expected to soon outnumber children under age 5 for the first
time in history.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.2: Describe the changing workplaces in the United States and around the
world
Classification: Concept

40) Worldwide population trends indicate that we will witness dwindling labor supply and
increasing total global savings rates.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.2: Describe the changing workplaces in the United States and around the
world
Classification: Concept

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41) What are the significant trends occurring in the composition of the global workforce? What
are the likely repercussions of such trends?
Answer: According to United Nations forecasts, "The world is in the midst of an epochal
demographic shift that will reshape societies, economies, and markets over the next century."
The total world population in 2012 is estimated to be over 7 billion individuals. However, that
number is forecasted to hit 9 billion by 2050, at which point the United Nations predicts the total
population will either stabilize or peak after growing for centuries at an ever-accelerating rate.
The main reason for this major shift is the decline in birthrates as nations advance economically.
However, in developing countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Oceania,
birthrates remain high. One of the benefits is that many of these countries are likely to
experience a "demographic dividend: a rising proportion of young people entering the workforce,
driving productivity and economic growth."
The world's population is now aging at an unprecedented rate. People aged 65 and older will
soon outnumber children under age 5 for the first time in history. Also, the world's population
aged 80 and over is projected to increase 233 percent by 2040. The implications of these trends
for societies and businesses are profound – from changing family structures to shifting patterns
of work and retirement to emerging economic challenges based on increasing demands on social
entitlement programs, dwindling labor supply, and declining total global savings rates. Such
demographic shifts will reshape the global workforce and organizational workplaces.
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Written and oral communication
Learning Obj.: LO 5.2: Describe the changing workplaces in the United States and around the
world
Classification: Concept

42) Which of the following perceptions do employers typically have of older employees?
A) lack of sound judgment
B) resistant to new technology
C) weak work ethic
D) better attendance
Answer: B
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

43) What positive perception do employers typically have of older employees?

A) enthusiastic towards new technology
B) open to change
C) strong work ethic
D) flexible and adaptable
Answer: C
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

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44) Given a choice between Jane, a 50-something internal candidate, and Jenny, a 20-something
internal candidate, Joe selected Jane. Joe would probably say it was because ________.
A) he thought Jane would be more flexible in meeting the needs of the new position
B) he thought Jenny would be uncomfortable with the technology in the new position
C) he expected Jenny would ask for more time off
D) he expected the quality of Jane's work would be better than Jenny's
Answer: D
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Application of knowledge
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Application

45) Which of the following statements is true of gender diversity in workplaces?

A) No consistent male-female differences exist in problem-solving ability, analytical skills,
competitive drive, motivation, sociability, or learning ability.
B) Today, men make up nearly two-thirds of the workforce, while women account for the
remaining third.
C) Affirmative action policies have resulted in women, generally, starting their careers at higher
levels than men.
D) Despite the disparity in representation in the workforce, women earn nearly as much as men
do on a median basis.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

46) In which of the following areas are consistent male-female differences observed?
A) problem-solving ability
B) sociability
C) work schedule preferences
D) competitive drive
Answer: C
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

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47) Employee A prefers to work flexible hours and to work from home as often as practical.
According to research, Employee A is likely to be ________.
A) a minority
B) disabled
C) female
D) older
Answer: C
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Application

48) Which of the following managerial styles is traditionally considered to be masculine?

A) agreeable
B) leading by example
C) collaborative
D) inclusive
Answer: B
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

49) Which of the following managerial styles is traditionally considered to be feminine?

A) authoritative
B) leading by example
C) inclusive
D) being directive
Answer: C
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

50) ________ is the biological heritage (including physical characteristics such as one's skin
color and associated traits) that people use to identify themselves.
A) Nationality
B) Ethnicity
C) Culture
D) Race
Answer: D
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

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51) ________ refers to the social traits that are shared by a human population.
A) Race
B) Ancestry
C) Nationality
D) Ethnicity
Answer: D
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

52) Which of the following racial groups have been the focus of most race and ethnographic
studies of workplace diversity in the United States?
A) Hispanics and Whites
B) Whites and Native Americans
C) African Americans and Whites
D) Asians and African Americans
Answer: C
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

53) If my workplace goals included getting high scores on a performance evaluation, I would
prefer that my supervisor be ________.
A) the same gender as me
B) female
C) of an older generation than me
D) of my own race
Answer: D
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Application of knowledge
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Application

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54) Which of the following statements is true of the findings of studies on race and ethnicity in
the workplace?
A) Whites favor affirmative action programs and policies to a far greater degree than do African
Americans.
B) African Americans generally do worse than Whites in decisions related to the workplace.
C) Individuals in workplaces tend to favor colleagues of a race other than their own in
performance evaluations, promotion decisions, and pay raises.
D) Whites and African-Americans display statistically significant and consistent differences in
absenteeism rates, applied social skills at work, and accident rates.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

55) Which of the following statements is true of employing disabled employees?

A) Hiring people with disabilities leads to higher employment costs and lower profit margins.
B) Workers with disabilities lack job skills and experience necessary to perform as well as their
abled counterparts.
C) Employees with disabilities are exempt from potential disciplinary action, and there are high
costs associated with accommodating disabled employees.
D) A person with a disability for whom workplace accommodations have been provided has the
same obligations and rights as far as job performance.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

56) Lulumelon owns a chain of fashion stores that serve men's, women's, and children's clothing
categories. Jay, a motor accident victim with an amputated leg, applies for a position at one of
the stores in an upmarket location. Which of the following assumptions by Lulumelon would
prevent them from hiring him?
A) Most workers with disabilities require no accommodation but for those who do, more than
half of the workplace modifications cost $500 or less.
B) A person with a disability for whom workplace accommodations have been provided has the
same obligations and rights as far as job performance is concerned.
C) There is no set of guidelines on how to take any potential disciplinary action with disabled
employees.
D) Absentee rates for sick time are virtually equal between employees with and without
disabilities.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Application of knowledge
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Application

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57) One big challenge for managers of diverse workforces is ________.

A) to provide accommodations for disabilities and religious beliefs that other employees don't
view as special treatment
B) to assure that employees do not discuss their religious beliefs with other workers
C) to provide accommodations for disabled workers that don't carry excessive costs
D) to treat all employees identically despite individual differences
Answer: A
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Application of knowledge; Analytical thinking

58) Which of the following diversity factors has been called the "last acceptable bias"?
A) sexual orientation
B) gender identity
C) religious belief
D) ethnic origin
Answer: A
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

59) U.S. federal law does not prohibit discrimination against employees on the basis of
________.
A) race
B) religion
C) age
D) sexual orientation
Answer: D
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

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60) Bruce will be making a presentation to the senior management team to encourage them to
support efforts to improve the company's diversity policies and practices. One of the more
compelling arguments he can use is ________.
A) companies with exclusive practices experienced higher profits
B) companies with inclusive practices outperformed both the DJIA and NASDAQ and had much
higher returns on equity
C) Federal law requires all companies to make accommodations for LBGT employees
D) the company will likely lose market share if it does not improve its practices
Answer: B
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Application of knowledge
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Application

61) Employers generally tend to view older workers as not being flexible or adaptable and being
more resistant to new technology.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

62) Women and men now each make up almost half of the workforce in the United States.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

63) Research indicates that men tend to prefer jobs that encourage work-life balance more than
women do.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

64) Men are found to follow a nurturing, inclusive, and collaborative style of leadership, in
contrast to women.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

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65) In the job setting, African Americans are found to receive lower job performance ratings, be
paid less, and be promoted less frequently than their white counterparts.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

66) Employers are justified if they do not hire workers with disabilities as they lack job skills and
experience necessary to perform as well as their abled counterparts.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

67) U.S. federal law does not prohibit discrimination against employees on the basis of sexual
orientation.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

68) What are some of the fears held by employers regarding employment of disabled persons?
Describe the actual realities associated with such fears.
Answer:
a. Employers fear that hiring people with disabilities leads to higher employment costs and
lower profit margins. In reality, absentee rates for sick time are virtually equal between
employees with and without disabilities. Also, workers' disabilities are not a factor in formulas
calculating insurance costs for workers' compensation.
b. Employers fear that workers with disabilities lack job skills and experience necessary to
perform as well as their abled counterparts. However, commonplace technologies such as the
Internet and voice-recognition software have eliminated many of the obstacles for workers with
disabilities; many individuals with disabilities have great problem-solving skills from finding
creative ways to perform tasks that others may take for granted.
c. Employers are uncertain over how to take potential disciplinary action with a worker with
disabilities, not realizing that a person with a disability for whom workplace accommodations
have been provided has the same obligations and rights as far as job performance.
d. Employers believe that there are high costs involved with accommodating disabled
employees. In truth, most workers with disabilities require no accommodation but for those who
do, more than half of the workplace modifications cost $500 or less.
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Written and oral communication
Learning Obj.: LO 5.3: Explain the different types of diversity found in workplaces
Classification: Concept

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69) ________ is a term that describes a tendency or preference toward a particular perspective or
ideology.
A) Bias
B) Prejudice
C) Impartiality
D) Reasoning
Answer: A
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.4: Discuss the challenges managers face in managing diversity
Classification: Concept

70) ________ refers to a preconceived belief, opinion, or judgment toward a person or a group of
people.
A) Prejudice
B) Impartiality
C) Equanimity
D) Bias
Answer: A
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.4: Discuss the challenges managers face in managing diversity
Classification: Concept

71) Judging a person on the basis of one's perception of a group to which he or she belongs is
known as ________.
A) integration
B) assimilation
C) stereotyping
D) prejudice
Answer: C
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.4: Discuss the challenges managers face in managing diversity
Classification: Concept

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72) Kathleen likes cats. She believes people who own cats are independent and free spirits. She
finds out Linda has a cat. Therefore, Linda is independent and free-spirited. In order, what is
happening here?
A) prejudice, stereotyping, bias
B) stereotyping, bias, prejudice
C) bias, stereotyping, discrimination
D) bias, prejudice, stereotyping
Answer: D
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.4: Discuss the challenges managers face in managing diversity
Classification: Application of knowledge; Analytical thinking

73) Discrimination refers to ________.

A) a preconceived belief, opinion, or judgment toward a person or a group of people
B) a tendency or preference toward a particular perspective or ideology
C) judging a person based on a perception of a group to which that person belongs
D) someone acting out their prejudicial attitudes toward people who are the targets of their
prejudice
Answer: D
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.4: Discuss the challenges managers face in managing diversity
Classification: Concept

74) What type of discrimination is said to have occurred when certain actions taken by
representatives of an organization deny equal opportunity to perform or unequal rewards for
performance?
A) exclusion
B) discriminatory practices or policies
C) incivility
D) intimidation
Answer: B
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.4: Discuss the challenges managers face in managing diversity
Classification: Concept

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75) What type of discrimination are older workers in an organization subjected to if they are laid
off for being highly paid and having lucrative benefits?
A) incivility
B) intimidation
C) discriminatory practices
D) exclusion
Answer: C
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.4: Discuss the challenges managers face in managing diversity
Classification: Concept

76) What type of discrimination usually involves jokes or negative stereotypes being perpetrated
about fellow employees?
A) mockery and insults
B) discriminatory policies
C) exclusion
D) intimidation
Answer: A
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.4: Discuss the challenges managers face in managing diversity
Classification: Concept

77) Which of the following is an example of workplace discrimination in the form of exclusion?
A) Older workers may be targeted for layoffs because they are highly paid and have lucrative
benefits.
B) African American employees at some companies have found racist graffiti in their work
areas.
C) Female lawyers note that male attorneys frequently cut them off or do not adequately address
their comments.
D) Many women in finance claim they are assigned to marginal job roles or are given light
workloads that don't lead to promotion.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.4: Discuss the challenges managers face in managing diversity
Classification: Concept

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78) As a form of discrimination, incivility is said to occur when ________.

A) an employee is excluded from job opportunities or social events
B) an employee belonging to a specific group is overtly threatened or bullied
C) an employee's opinions are consciously ignored
D) an employee is denied equal opportunity to perform
Answer: C
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.4: Discuss the challenges managers face in managing diversity
Classification: Concept

79) Which of the following examples would be considered appropriate stereotyping?

A) assuming women to be particularly bad drivers
B) bracketing working mothers as not being committed fully to their jobs
C) assuming red-haired people have rather nasty tempers
D) asking someone from accounting to help with a budgeting problem
Answer: D
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Application of knowledge
Learning Obj.: LO 5.4: Discuss the challenges managers face in managing diversity
Classification: Application

80) In workplace jargon, the term "glass ceiling" refers to ________.

A) the perceived difference in cognitive abilities between male and female employees
B) the theoretical organizational level beyond which no discrimination exists
C) the cumulative difference between opportunities and rewards offered to male and female
employees
D) the invisible barrier that separates women and minorities from top management positions
Answer: D
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.4: Discuss the challenges managers face in managing diversity
Classification: Concept

81) Ang Li has found it rather hard to move up in her managerial career at her workplace
especially when compared to how fellow graduate from Tri-Valley, American-born Adam
Watson, has managed to become the regional manager of sales in the company. This suggests the
presence of ________ in Li's organization.
A) goldbricking
B) a self-serving bias
C) a glass ceiling
D) prejudice
Answer: C
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Application of knowledge
Learning Obj.: LO 5.4: Discuss the challenges managers face in managing diversity
Classification: Application
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82) The meaning of "glass" that is used in the term "glass ceiling" signifies ________.
A) the gulf in opportunities and rewards afforded to male and female employees that can be
"seen through" easily
B) that the perceived barrier to top management positions is brittle and vulnerable to changes at
the topmost organizational levels
C) that whatever is blocking the way for women to attain top management positions is not
immediately apparent
D) that organizations maintain a transparent ethos when defining management roles assigned to
male and female employees
Answer: C
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.4: Discuss the challenges managers face in managing diversity
Classification: Concept

83) Men are more likely than women to start out in an entry-level position, even when they have
the same educational qualifications.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.4: Discuss the challenges managers face in managing diversity
Classification: Concept

84) Identify and briefly describe each type of discrimination that occurs in the workplace.
Answer: Some of the more common forms of workplace discrimination are:
a. discriminatory practices or policies - actions taken by representatives of the organization that
deny equal opportunity to perform or unequal rewards for performance
b. sexual harassment - unwanted sexual advances and other verbal and physical conduct of a
sexual nature that create a hostile or offensive work environment
c. intimidation - overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees
d. mockery or insults - jokes or negative stereotypes; sometimes the result of jokes taken too far
e. exclusion - exclusion of certain people from job opportunities, social events, discussions, or
informal mentoring; can occur unintentionally
f. incivility - disrespectful treatment, including behaving in an aggressive manner, interrupting a
person, or ignoring his or her opinions
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Written and oral communication
Learning Obj.: LO 5.4: Discuss the challenges managers face in managing diversity
Classification: Concept

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85) Explain the concept of the "glass ceiling" in workplaces. What practices have aided in the
creation of the "glass ceiling"?
Answer: Research has suggested that women are more likely than men to start out in entry-level
positions, even though they have the same educational qualifications as men. In the 1980s, the
term glass ceiling was first used in a Wall Street Journal article to refer to the invisible barrier
that separates women and minorities from top management positions. The idea of a "ceiling"
means that there is something blocking upward movement and the idea of "glass" is that
whatever's blocking the way isn't immediately apparent.
Research on the glass ceiling has looked at identifying the organizational practices and
interpersonal biases that have blocked women's advancement. Findings from those studies have
ranged from lack of mentoring, sex stereotyping, views that associate masculine traits with
leader effectiveness, and bosses' perceptions of family-work conflict.
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Written and oral communication
Learning Obj.: LO 5.4: Discuss the challenges managers face in managing diversity
Classification: Concept

86) Which of the following is the best description of the provisions of the Civil Rights Act, Title
VII?
A) prohibiting discrimination against individuals with disabilities or chronic illnesses
B) prohibiting discrimination against employees aged 40 or over
C) prohibiting the forced retirement of most employees
D) prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, or gender
Answer: D
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.5: Describe various workplace diversity management initiatives
Classification: Concept

87) Which of the following legislations gives individuals the right to sue for punitive damages?
A) Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
B) Civil Rights Act of 1991
C) Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009
D) Mandatory Retirement Act of 1978
Answer: B
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.5: Describe various workplace diversity management initiatives
Classification: Concept

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88) Nora has just informed her employer that she is expecting her second child. Her employer
immediately moved her to a position of less responsibility and pay and less physical activity.
This action is ________.
A) allowed under the Pregnancy Act
B) illegal under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
C) illegal under the Pregnancy Act
D) illegal under the Americans with Disabilities Act
Answer: C
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Application of knowledge
Learning Obj.: LO 5.5: Describe various workplace diversity management initiatives
Classification: Application

89) ________ is a process whereby an experienced organizational member provides advice and
guidance to a less-experienced member.
A) Delegating
B) Integration
C) Mentoring
D) Assimilation
Answer: C
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.5: Describe various workplace diversity management initiatives
Classification: Concept

90) Executives at Macromix have initiated a diversity skills training program to educate
employees about the importance of diversity at the workplace. Which of the following should be
the first step to be implemented in the program?
A) making employees aware of the assumptions and biases they may have
B) teaching people specific skills on how to communicate effectively with their fellow
employees
C) increasing employees' sensitivity and openness to those who are different from them
D) training employees on how to work effectively in a diverse work environment
Answer: A
Diff: 2
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Application of knowledge
Learning Obj.: LO 5.5: Describe various workplace diversity management initiatives
Classification: Application

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91) Groups made up of employees connected by some common dimension of diversity are
known as ________.
A) employee work councils
B) employee resource groups
C) employee assistance teams
D) employee care programs
Answer: B
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.5: Describe various workplace diversity management initiatives
Classification: Concept

92) Our human nature is to not accept or approach anything that's different from us.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Learning Obj.: LO 5.5: Describe various workplace diversity management initiatives
Classification: Concept

93) Give a brief description of diversity skills training in workplaces.

Answer: Our human nature is to not accept or approach anything that's different from us. But it
doesn't make discrimination of any type or form acceptable. And we live and work in a
multicultural context. So the challenge for organizations is to find ways for employees to be
effective in dealing with others who aren't like them. That's where diversity skills training,
specialized training to educate employees about the importance of diversity and teach them skills
for working in a diverse workplace, comes in.
Most diversity skills training programs start with diversity awareness training. During this type
of training, employees are made aware of the assumptions and biases they may have. Once we
recognize that, we can look at increasing our sensitivity and openness to those who are different
from us. Sounds simple, but it's not. But if people can be taught to recognize that they're
prejudging people and to consciously address that behavior, then the diversity awareness training
has been successful. Then, the next step is diversity skills training, in which people learn specific
skills on how to communicate and work effectively in a diverse work environment.
Diff: 3
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments; Written and oral communication
Learning Obj.: LO 5.5: Describe various workplace diversity management initiatives
Classification: Concept

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