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Concepts Algebra

1. This document provides a review of topics covered in a licensure examination for teachers including complex numbers, inequalities, exponential and logarithmic functions, and polynomial functions. Key concepts defined include complex numbers, equality of complex numbers, addition and multiplication of complex numbers, properties of inequalities, exponential and logarithmic functions, and the remainder and factor theorems for polynomials. 2. Various examples are provided to illustrate each topic, such as simplifying complex expressions, solving inequality statements, performing operations with exponential and logarithmic functions, and applying the remainder and factor theorems to polynomials. 3. The review covers the essential concepts tested in the licensure exam across its various topic areas at a high level through definitions

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Joys Ctln
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41 views

Concepts Algebra

1. This document provides a review of topics covered in a licensure examination for teachers including complex numbers, inequalities, exponential and logarithmic functions, and polynomial functions. Key concepts defined include complex numbers, equality of complex numbers, addition and multiplication of complex numbers, properties of inequalities, exponential and logarithmic functions, and the remainder and factor theorems for polynomials. 2. Various examples are provided to illustrate each topic, such as simplifying complex expressions, solving inequality statements, performing operations with exponential and logarithmic functions, and applying the remainder and factor theorems to polynomials. 3. The review covers the essential concepts tested in the licensure exam across its various topic areas at a high level through definitions

Uploaded by

Joys Ctln
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS REVIEW 2021

Irma Mirasol C. Ferrer

ALGEBRA
1. Complex Numbers
Definition: Set of Complex Numbers. a + bi is a set of complex numbers wher a and b are
real numbers.
 Any real number is a number with ZERO (0) imaginary part.
 Pure imaginary number is a number with ZERO (0) real part.
 The standard form of an imaginary number is a + bi.

Examples: (a) √−7=i √ 7


(b) √−25=5i
(c) √−1=i

(d) Simplify √ 32+4 √−28


Definition: Equality of Two Complex Numbers. Two complex numbers a + bi and c + di
are equal if a = c and b = d.
Example: x + 7i = -9 + yi
Definition: The Sum and Product of Two Complex Numbers. If a + bi and c + di are
complex numbers, then ( a + bi ) + ( c + di ) = ( a + c ) + ( b + d) i ,
and ( a + bi ) . ( c + di ) = ( ac - bd ) + ( ad + bc) i.
Examples:
(a) Find the sum of 4 – 5i and -6 + 3i.
(b) Find the difference of 4 – 5i and -6 + 3i.
(c) Find the quotient of 4 – 5i and -6 + 3i.
(d) Find i7.

(e) Simplify: √−7 ( √11−√−3 ) .


3−√−16
(f) Simplify: 3+ √−16 .
2. Inequalities
Trichotomy Property of Order. If a and b are real numbers, exactly one of the following
statements is true.
(a) a < b, (b) a > b, or (c) a = b.
Transitive Property. If a < b and b < c, then a < c.
Absolute Inequality. An inequality which is true for every number in the domain.
Examples: x + 1 < x + 2 ; x2 ¿ 0
Conditional Inequality. An Inequality where at least one of the numbers in the domain is
not a solution.
Properties of Inequality. If a, b and c are real numbers, then
(a) if a < b, then a + c < b + c.
(b) if a < b, then a – c < b – c.
(c) if a < b and c > 0, then ac < bc.
(d) if a < b and c < 0, then ac > bc.
Examples: Find the value of x.
1. 4x – 15 < 13
x−5
≤x
2. 3
3. – 8 < 3x – 2 < 13
Polynomial and Rational Inequalities
Examples: Find x in the following.
1. x2 – 11 < 37
2. 5x2 – 2x < x2 + 2x – 1
−2
3. x−3 < 3
3 x−1
2
≤1
4. x −x−6
3. Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Definition: If a and b are any positive numbers, and x and y are any real numbers, then
(a) ax . ay = ax+y
ax x+ y
y
=a
(b) a
(c) (ax)y = axy
(d) (ab)x = axbx

(e)
() a x ax
b
= x
b
Examples:
√ √ 5 20
1. Simplify: 5 ⋅2

2. Simplify: √ 8 ( 3√ 2)
Definition: Exponential Function. If b > 0 and b ¿ 1, then the exponential function with
base b is the function defined by f(x) = bx.
( )
x
1
e= 1+
Definition: Natural Exponential Function. f(x) = be where x as x →+∞ .
Definition: Logarithmic Function. The logarithmic function with base b is the inverse of
the exponential function with base b.
y=log b x iff x = by.

Examples: Find (a) log5 125

(b)log6 √6
1
(c) log4 4
(d)log10 .0001
Solve for x
(a) log9 x = 2
5
(b) log64 x = 3
(c) logx 81 = -4
Properties of Logarithmic Function
1. logb xy = logb x + logb y
x
2. logb y = logb x – logb y
3. logb xn = n logb x
Examples:
If log 2 = 0.3010 and log 3 = 0.4771, find
1. log 6
3
2. log 2
3. log 43
Expand
4. logb x2y4z7

5. logb √
5 xy 2
z4
More Examples:
1. Solve for x in 52x-1 = 15.
2. Find x in 3x-1 = 0.08.
3. Find x in 7x = 3x+1.
4. Find log4 19 = x.
5. If log ( x + 3 ) = 2, find x.
6. Solve for x in log2 ( x + 3 ) – log2 ( x – 3 ) = 3.
7. If log3 x + log3 ( 2x – 3) = 3, what is x?
4. Polynomial Functions
Definition: Remainder Theorem. If a polynomial f(x) is divided by x – c, then the
remainder is equal to f(c).
Definition: Factor Theorem. ( x – c ) is a factor of the polynomial f(x) iff f(c) = 0.
Examples:
(a) Divide f(x) = x3 – 2x2 – 4x + 5 by x – 3.
(b) If f(x) = 2x4 + x3 – 16x2 + 18, find f(2).
(c) Is ( x – 2) a factor of f(x) = –x3 + 2x2 -2x + 4?
(d) Show that ( x + 3 ) is not a factor of f(x) = –x3 + 2x2 -2x + 4.
(e) Find k so that ( x + 2 ) is a factor of f(x) = x3 – 2x2 – 10x + k.
(f) Find k so that ( x + 3) is a factor of f(x) = 3x3 + kx2 – 7x + 6.

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