DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

NCERT/CBSE TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS

A. Fill in the Blanks

1. A database is an organized collection of data.
2. A DBMS is a software package that can be used for creating and managing databases.
3. A RDBMS is a database management system that is based on the relational model.
4. Three popular DBMS software are Microsoft Access, OpenOfficeBase & MySQL.
5. A Primary Key is a unique value that identifies a row in a table.
6. Composite Key is a combination of one or more columns.
7. A table is a set of data elements that is organized using a model of vertical columns and
horizontal rows.
8. A column is a set of data values of a particular type, one for each row of the table.
9. A row represents a single, data item in a table.
10. Datatypes are used to identify which type of data we are going to store in the database.
11. Create table DDL command is used to create a table.
12. Common DDL statements are create, alter and drop.
13. The types of languages used for creating and manipulating the data in the Database are DDL &
DML.
14. A DDL is a standard for commands that define the different structures in a database.
15. A DML is a language that enables users to access and manipulate data in a database.
16. A Select is a part of DML involving information retrieval only.
17. A popular data manipulation language is SQL.
18. Tables are the basic building blocks of a database.
19. There are three types of Relationships in a table.
20. A form helps the user to systematically store information in the database.

B. Subjective Questions
1. In how many ways tables can be created in Base?
Ans. Tables can be created in two ways.
1. In Design view
2. Using Wizard

2. List datatypes available in Numeric Datatype?

Ans. The different types of numeric data types are:
Boolean Numeric
Tinyint Decimal
Smallint Real
Integer Float
Bigint Double

3. List datatypes available in Alphanumeric Data Type?

Ans. The different types of Alphanumeric Data Type are:
 Longvarchar
 Char
 Varchar
 Varchar_Ignore Case

4. Define the structure of a table.

Ans. A table is a set of data elements (values) that is organized in vertical columns and horizontal
rows. A table has a defined number of columns, but can have any number of rows.

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5. Differentiate between Tuples and Attributes of a table
Ans. A row also called a Record or Tuple represents a single, data item in a table. Whereas A
column is a set of data values of a particular simple type, one for each row of the table.

6. Name different Binary data types.

Ans. The different Binary data types are:
 Longvarbinary
 Binary
 Varbinary

7. How many types of relationships can be created in Base? Explain each of them.
Ans. There are three types of relationship in OpenOffice Base.
 ONE to ONE: In this relationship, both the tables must have primary key columns. Example: In
the given tables EMP and DEPT, EMP_ID in EMP table and DEPT_ID in DEPT table are the
primary keys.
 ONE to MANY: In this relationship, one of the table must have primary key column. It signifies
that one column of primary key table is associated with all the columns of associated table.
 MANY to MANY: In this relationship, no table has the primary key column. It signifies that all
the columns of primary key table are associated with all the columns of associated table.

8. What do you mean by Sorting? In how many ways it can be done?

Ans. Sorting means arranging elements in particular sequence. It can be done in two ways.
 Increasing order
 Decreasing Order

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What is database? Give an example. What does DBMS stand for?

Ans. A collection of related information organised as tables is known as database e.g. INGRES,
MySQL etc. DBMS stands for DataBase Management System. It is a computer-based record
keeping system.

2. What is the difference between ‘Rows’ and ‘Columns’ in a table?

Ans. In a table, rows are called records and columns are termed a fields. A row stores complete
information of a record whereas column stores only similar data values for all records.

3. What is field in database? Give an example.

Ans. A field is an area, reserved for a specific piece of data. It is also known as attribute. e.g.
Customer Name.

4. Define forms and what is the need of using them?

Ans. A form is a window or screen that contains numerous fields or spaces to enter data. Forms
can be used to view and edit your data. It is an interface in user specified layout.

5. What does RDBMS stand for?

Ans. RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System. It is a type of DBMS that
stores data in the form of relations (tables).

6. How is data organized in a RDBMS?

Ans. A relational database is a type of database. It uses a structure that allows us to identify and
access datain relation to another piece of data in the database. Data in a relational database is
organized into tables.
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7. Write the purpose of DBMS.
Ans. DBMS is used to store logically related information at a centralised location. It facilitates
data sharing among all the applications requiring it.

8. Write any two uses of database management system.

Ans. The two uses of database management system are as follows
(i) DBMS is used to store data at a centralised location.
(ii) It is used to minimise data redundancy and data inconsistency.

9. Write any two advantages of using database.

Ans. The two advantages of using database are as follows
(i) It can ensure data security.
(ii) It reduces the data redundancy.

10. Give any two disadvantages of the database.

Ans. The two disadiantages of the database are as follows
(i) A database system creates additional complexity and requirements.
(ii) A database system is a multi-user software, which is less efficient.

11. A table named School (containing data of students of the whole school) is created, where
each record consists of several fields including AdmissionNo (Admission Number), RollNo
(Roll Number), Name. Which field out of these three should be set as the primary key and
why?
Ans. AdmissionNo should be set as primary key because admission numbers are unique for each
and every students of the school, which is not possible in the case with RollNo and Name.

12. Why Memo data type is preferred over Text data type for a field?
Ans. When the length of the field is more than 255 characters. Text data type is not capable to
store the project description because its length cannot be more than 255 characters so, Memo data
type is preferred over Text data type.

13. What happens when text is entered in a Number type field?

Ans. When we enter text in a Number field and press Enter or press Tab key, it displays a
message that ‘‘The value you entered does not match the Number data type in this column.’’

14. Damini is a programmer in an institute and is asked to handle the records containing
information of students. Suggest any 5 fields name and their data type of students database.
Ans.

15. Create a table of Student based on the following table instance.

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 Ans. CREATE TABLE STUDENT (ID Integer, Name varchar (15), Stream_Id Integer);

16. Write a SQL command to create the table BANK whose structure is given below.

Ans. The SQL command to create a table as per given structure is as follows Mysql> CREATE
TABLE BANK (ID Number integer (10) PRIMARY KEY, Name varchar (20), B date Date,
Address varchar (50));

17. List datatypes available in Numeric data type.

Ans. Datatypes available in numeric data type are TINYINT, SMALLCINT, MEDIUMINT, INT
and BIGINT.

18. Write one example of data field for which you would set the Required property to Yes.
Ans. In a table, when we declare a field as a primary key, then the field’s Required property must
be set to yes because in a primary key field, we need to enter data always.

19. What is the purpose of Default Value field property?

Ans. If there is a situation when you want to enter same value for all records. Then, to avoid
typing the same thing many times, you can set as a Default Value property.

20. Insert some information into a table COLLEGE, whose structure is given below.

Ans. (i) Mysql>INSERT INTO COLLEGE (ROLL_NO, NAME, CLASS, BRANCH) VALUES
(2, ‘VIKAS’,12, ‘SCIENCE’); (ii) Mysql>INSERT INTO COLLEGE (ROLL_NO, NAME,
CLASS, BRANCH) VALUES (3, ‘RAJ’, 10, ‘SCIENCE’);

21. What is the value of Entry Required field?

Ans. The value of this property can be Yes or No. If entry required is Yes, the field cannot be
absent i.e. should be necessarily present with a value.

22. What is table? Also, define Candidate Key.

Ans. A table consists of a number of rows and columns. Each record contains values for the
attributes. A candidate key is the smallest subset of the super key for which there does not exist a

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 proper subset that is super key. Any candidate key can be choosen to uniquely identify the
records, it is called primary key.

23. What is Data Control Language?

Ans. Data Control Language is used to create roles, permissions, and referential integrity as well
it is used to control access to the database by securing it. These SQL commands are used for
providing security to database objects. These commands are GRANT and REVOKE.

24. What is Data Transaction Control Language?

Ans. Transaction control commands manage changes made by DML commands. These SQL
commands are used for managing changes affecting the data. These commands are COMMIT,
ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

25. Describe any four major problems associated with sustainable development.
Ans. Four problems associated with sustained development are as follows
(i) The concept of sustainable development is subject to criticism. What, exactly, is to be
sustained in a sustainable development? Any positive rate of exploitation of a non-renewable
resource will eventually lead to exhaustion of Earth’s final stock.
(ii) Turning the concept of sustainability into policy raises questions about how to assess the well-
being of present and future generations. The issue is more complicated because our children do
not just inherit environmental pollution and resource depletion, but also enjoy the fruits of our
labour, in the forms of education, skills, and knowledge (i.e. human capital), as well as physical
capital.
(iii) Poor management of natural resources, combined with growing economic activities, will
continue to pose serious challenges to environment. The problem arises because people,
institutions and governments have failed to evolve mechanism and policies to strike a balance
between development and conservation of resources and preservation of environment.
(iv) The commonly held view that greater economic activity necessarily hurts the environment, is
based on static assumptions about technology, tastes and environmental investments. In reality,
the relationships between inputs and outputs and the overall effects of economic activities on the
environment, are continually changing.

26. Mention the main principles of sustainable development.

Ans. Main principles of sustainable development are
(i) Respect and care for all forms of life.
(ii) Improving the quality of human life.
(iii) Minimising the depletion of natural resources.
(iv) Conserving the Earth’s vitality and diversity.
(v) Enabling communities to care for their own environment.
(vi) Changing personal attitude and practices towards the environment.

27. Why is it important to adopt sustainable development? Explain.

Ans. A three-year study using satellites and aerial photography undertaken by the United Nations
long ago warned that the environment had deteriorated so badly that it was ‘critical’ in many of
eighty-eight countries, investigated. In view of all these findings and problems, sustainable
development acquires much importance.
Nature and mankind live and die together.
The Earth’s vital signs reveal a patient in declining health. We need to realise our ethical and
moral obligations to the mother Earth. Human beings are caretakers of the planet and responsible
trustees of the legacy of future generations.

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 Due to the realisation of importance of sustainable development, now there is a transcending
concern for survival of the people and planet. We need to take a holistic view of the very basis of
our existence. The environmental problem does not necessarily signal our demise, rather it is our
passport for the future. To save ourselves and our future generations from catastrophe, we require
to take a holistic view, an ecological view, seeing the world as an integrated whole, rather than a
dissociated collection of parts.

28. Describe the meaning and importance of sustainable development.

Ans. Sustainable development refers to the process of economic development where resources are
used judiciously to satisfy needs of not only present generation but also to conserve them for the
use of future generations. Sustainable development takes place without depleting the present
natural resources.
The importance of sustainable development is discussed below
(i) It helps to conserve and make use of means and resources for the maximum benefit without
wastage.
(ii) It awares the people about the responsibility to use and preserve natural resources.
(iii) It creates the feeling that natural resources are the common property of all and nobody can
use the property according to his personal will. It helps to conserve natural and social
environment.
(iv) People’s participation is to be given priority in development work in order to achieve the
aim of sustainable development.
(v) It attempts to create the concept of maintaining the present work for the future and conserving
natural resources for future generation.

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