ASTU Department of Civil Engineering RC II

Design and Analysis examples for slab by yield line method

𝑳
Example 1: Yield-Line Analysis of Two-Way Square Slab Panel ( 𝒚⁄𝑳 = 𝟏. 𝟎)
𝒙

Assume the simply supported square slab panel in Figure below with sides equal to 6𝑚.
The slab has positive moment reinforcement with 𝑴𝒑𝒙 = 𝑴𝒑𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑵𝒎⁄𝒎.
Determine the area load 𝒘𝒖 required to cause failure of the panel.

Solution
Using Method of equilibrium
Take one segment and moment equilibrium about the support.
𝐿 𝐿
∗ 𝐿
∑ 𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 0 → 𝑀𝑝 ∗ 𝐿 − 𝑤𝑢 2 2 ∗ = 0
2 3
𝑤𝑢 ∗𝐿3 24𝑀𝑝
𝑀𝑝 ∗ 𝐿 = 𝑤𝑢 =
24 𝐿2

Using virtual work method

𝛿 ∆ ∆
= →𝛿=
𝐿⁄ 𝐿⁄ 3
6 2
∆ 2∆
𝜃= →𝜃=
𝐿⁄ 𝐿
2

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ASTU Department of Civil Engineering RC II

𝑳
Example 2: Yield-Line Analysis of Two-Way Rectangular Slab Panel ( 𝒚⁄𝑳 ≤ 𝟐. 𝟎)
𝒙

Determine the area load 𝒘𝒖 that cause failure:

Positive moments @bottom reinforcements: 𝑀𝑝𝑥 = 30 𝑘𝑁𝑚⁄𝑚 ; 𝑀𝑝𝑦 = 20 𝑘𝑁𝑚⁄𝑚

Negative moments @top reinforcements: 𝑀𝑛𝑥 = 40 𝑘𝑁𝑚⁄𝑚 ; 𝑀𝑛𝑦 = 40 𝑘𝑁𝑚⁄𝑚

Orientations of yield lines were as shown on the diagram

Solution
The location of symmetrical points A & B:
Along 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠………………….@𝟏𝟔/𝟐 = 𝟖𝒎
Along 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠………………….based on coefficient 𝜷
𝜷 = 𝟎. 𝟓 for square slab section
𝟎 < 𝜷 < 𝟎. 𝟓 for rectangular slab section

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ASTU Department of Civil Engineering RC II

 Segment of the positive yield from A to B is displaced downward a virtual displacement

δ when subjected to 𝒘𝒖 .
 So that segment I (ACE & BDF) to rotate an angle 𝜽𝑰 and segment II (ABEF & ABCD)
to rotate an angle 𝜽𝑰𝑰 .

Step1: The rotations of the slab segments becomes:

𝜹 𝜹 𝜹
𝜽𝑰 = 𝟐𝟎𝜷 𝜽𝑰𝑰 = 𝑳 = 𝟖
⁄𝟐

Step2: External Work done 𝑾𝑬 by 𝒘𝒖

𝑾𝑬 = 𝑾𝑬 (𝒔𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑰) + 𝑾𝑬 (𝒔𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑰𝑰)

1 𝛿 1 𝛿 𝛿
𝑊𝐸 = 2 [(2) (16)(20𝛽)(𝑤𝑢 ) (3)] + [4 (2) (8)(20𝛽)(𝑤𝑢 ) (3) + 2(8)(20 − 40𝛽)(𝑤𝑢 ) (2)]

320𝛽𝑤𝑢 𝛿 320𝛽𝑤𝑢 𝛿
𝑊𝐸 = +[ + 160𝑤𝑢 𝛿 − 320𝛽𝑤𝑢 𝛿]
3 3

𝟑𝟐𝟎
𝑾𝑬 = 𝒘𝒖 𝜹 [𝟏𝟔𝟎 − 𝜷] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . 𝟏
𝟑

Step3: Internal Work done 𝑾𝑰 by moments

𝑾𝑰 = 𝑾𝑰 (𝒔𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑰) + 𝑾𝑰 (𝒔𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑰𝑰)

𝑊𝐼 = 2[(𝑀𝑝𝑥 )(16)(𝜃𝐼 ) + (𝑀𝑛𝑥 )(16)(𝜃𝐼 )] + 2[(𝑀𝑝𝑦 )(20)(𝜃𝐼𝐼 ) + (𝑀𝑛𝑦 )(20)(𝜃𝐼𝐼 )]

𝛿 𝛿
𝑊𝐼 = 2 [(30 𝑘𝑁𝑚⁄𝑚)(16𝑚) (20𝛽) + (40 𝑘𝑁𝑚⁄𝑚)(16𝑚) (20𝛽)] +
𝛿 𝛿
2 [(30 𝑘𝑁𝑚⁄𝑚)(20𝑚) (8) + (40 𝑘𝑁𝑚⁄𝑚)(20𝑚) (8)]

𝟏𝟏𝟐𝜹 𝟏𝟏𝟐
𝑾𝑰 = + 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝜹 = 𝜹 [ + 𝟑𝟎𝟎] … … … … … … … … … … … … … . 𝟐
𝜷 𝜷

Step4: Apply principle of virtual work method

𝑾𝑬 = 𝑾𝑰

320 112
𝑤𝑢 𝛿 [160 − 𝛽] = 𝛿 [ + 300]
3 𝛽

Solving for 𝒘𝒖 the equation becomes:

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ASTU Department of Civil Engineering RC II

112
[ + 300] 112 + 300𝛽
𝛽
𝑤𝑢 = =
320 2
[160 − 3 𝛽] 480𝛽 − 320𝛽

𝑑𝒘𝒖
To obtain the minimum collapse load =0
𝑑𝛽

𝑑𝒘𝒖
= 96000𝛽 2 + 71680𝛽 − 53760 = 0 Solve for 𝛽, 𝜷 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟔𝟐𝟗
𝑑𝛽

To find the minimum collapse load substitute 𝜷 in to equation2, 𝒘𝒖 = 𝟒. 𝟖𝟗𝟗 𝒌𝑵⁄ 𝟐

𝒎

Example 3:

Determine the ultimate moment of resistance 𝒎 per unit length of yield line balancing a total

UDL of 𝟓 𝒌𝑵⁄ 𝟐 for the isotropically reinforced slab shown below. The shading indicates that
𝒎
side AB is not supported, sides AD and BC are fixed and side DC is simply supported. The slab
is under reinforced and the bottom reinforcement is such that the ultimate resisting moment in
any direction is 𝒎 and the top reinforcement, at the supports, is such that the ultimate resisting
moment is 𝜶𝒎 in any direction.

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ASTU Department of Civil Engineering RC II

Solution

Consider a unit displacement at E and F ( to ABCD)

Step1: The rotations of the slab segments becomes:

𝜹 ∆
Segment AED & BCF 𝜽𝑰 = 𝒙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛿 = 3

𝛿 ∆ ∆
𝑥⁄ = 𝑥 → 𝛿 = 3
3
𝛿 𝛿
𝜃= →𝜃=
𝑥 𝑥

𝜹
Segment CDEF 𝜽𝑰𝑰 = 𝟒

𝛿 ∆ ∆ 𝛿
= 6−2𝑥 → 𝛿 = 2 𝜃=
3−𝑥 4

Step2: External Work done 𝑾𝑬 by 𝒘𝒖

1 ∆ 2𝒘𝒖 𝜹𝑥
Segment AED & BCF (2) (4)(𝑥)(𝒘𝒖 ) (𝟑) = 3

1 𝜹 𝜹 𝟖𝒙
Segment CDEF 2 [(2) (4)(𝑥)(𝒘𝒖 ) (𝟑)] + (4)(6 − 2𝑥)(𝒘𝒖 ) (𝟐) = 𝒘𝒖 𝜹 (𝟏𝟐 − )
𝟑

𝑾𝑬 = 𝑾𝑬 (𝒔𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝑨𝑬𝑫) + 𝑾𝑬 (𝒔𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑩𝑪𝑭) + 𝑾𝑬 (𝒔𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑪𝑫𝑬𝑭)

2𝒘𝒖 𝜹𝑥 𝟖𝒙 𝟒𝒙
𝑾𝑬 = 𝟐 [ ] + 𝒘𝒖 𝜹 (𝟏𝟐 − ) = 𝒘𝒖 𝜹 (𝟏𝟐 − )
3 𝟑 𝟑

Step3: Internal Work done 𝑾𝑰 by moments

𝑾𝑰 = 𝟐𝑾𝑰 (𝒔𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝑨𝑬𝑫) + 𝑾𝑰 (𝒔𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑪𝑫𝑬𝑭)

𝑀𝑝𝑥 = 𝑀𝑝𝑦 = 𝑚 and 𝑀𝑛𝑥 = 𝑀𝑛𝑦 = 𝛼𝑚

𝑊𝐼 = 2[(𝑀𝑝𝑥 )(4)(𝜃𝐼 ) + (𝑀𝑛𝑥 )(4)(𝜃𝐼 )] + [(𝑀𝑝𝑦 )(2𝑥)(𝜃𝐼𝐼 ) + (𝑀𝑛𝑦 )(2𝑥)(𝜃𝐼𝐼 )]

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𝛿 𝛿 𝛿
𝑊𝐼 = 2 [(𝑚)(4) (𝑥 ) + (𝛼𝑚)(4) (𝑥 )] + [(𝑚)(2𝑥) (4) + 0]

𝟖 𝒙 𝒙𝟐 +𝟏𝟔(𝟏+𝜶)
𝑾𝑰 = 𝒎𝜹 [𝒙 (𝟏 + 𝜶) + 𝟐] = 𝒎𝜹 [ ]
𝟐𝒙

Step4: Apply principle of virtual work method

𝑾𝑬 = 𝑾𝑰

𝟒𝒙 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔(𝟏 + 𝜶)
𝒘𝒖 𝜹 (𝟏𝟐 − ) = 𝒎𝜹 [ ]
𝟑 𝟐𝒙

Solving for 𝒎 the equation becomes: 𝒘𝒖 = 𝟓 𝒌𝑵⁄ 𝟐

𝒎
𝟖
(𝟗𝒙−𝒙𝟐 ) 𝟒𝟎 (𝟗𝒙−𝒙𝟐 )
𝒎 = 𝒙𝟐𝟑+𝟏𝟔(𝟏+𝜶) 𝒘𝒖 = [𝒙𝟐 +𝟏𝟔(𝟏+𝜶)]
𝟑

𝑑𝑚
To obtain the maximum moment =0
𝑑𝑥

(9 − 2𝑥) (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔(𝟏 + 𝜶)) = 2𝑥(𝟗𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 )

9𝑥 2 + 32(1 + 𝛼)𝑥 − 144(1 + 𝛼) = 0

−32(1 + 𝛼) + √1024(1 + 𝛼)2 + 5184(1 + 𝛼)

𝑥=
18

When 𝛼 increases 𝑥 also increases. 𝛼𝑚𝑎𝑥 is when 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 (𝑖. 𝑒. 𝑥 = 3)

When 𝑥 = 3, 𝛼 = 0.687. If 𝛼 ≤ 0.687, the yield line pattern can be used.

Example 4

Determine the ultimate uniformly distributed load of a regular 𝒏 sided slab. The slab is
isotropically reinforced with positive and negative moment resistance of 𝑚𝑝 and 𝑚𝑛 . Orientations
of yield line were as shown on the diagram.

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ASTU Department of Civil Engineering RC II

Solution

Using Equilibrium method

The inscribed of the slab be r and the length of each side be L.

Consider equilibrium of segment ABC. Take sum of moment about support AB

∑ 𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 0
𝐿∗𝑟 𝑟 6(𝑚𝑝 +𝑚𝑛 )
(𝑚𝑝 + 𝑚𝑛 )𝐿 = 𝑤𝑢 ∗3 𝑤𝑢 =
2 𝑟2

This solution can be used for a number of n sided regular slabs.

𝐿 0.5𝐿
1) For triangular Slab (𝒏 = 𝟑) 𝑟 = 2 tan 30° =
√3

6(𝑚𝑝 +𝑚𝑛 )
𝑤𝑢 = 𝑟2

6(𝑚𝑝 +𝑚𝑛 )
= 0.5𝐿 2
( )
√3

72(𝑚𝑝 +𝑚𝑛 )
=
𝐿2

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ASTU Department of Civil Engineering RC II

𝐿
2) For Square Slab (𝒏 = 𝟒) 𝑟 = 2

6(𝑚𝑝 +𝑚𝑛 ) 6(𝑚𝑝 +𝑚𝑛 ) 24(𝑚𝑝 +𝑚𝑛 )

𝑤𝑢 = 𝑟2
= 2 = 𝐿2
(𝐿⁄2)

𝐿 3𝐿
3) For Hexagon slab (n=6) 𝑟 = 2 tan 30° = √2

6(𝑚𝑝 +𝑚𝑛 ) 6(𝑚𝑝 +𝑚𝑛 ) 8(𝑚𝑝 +𝑚𝑛 )

𝑤𝑢 = 𝑟2
= 2 = 𝐿2
√3𝐿
( )
2

4) For circular slab (n=∞) The radius 𝑟 = 𝑅

6(𝑚𝑝 +𝑚𝑛 )
𝑤𝑢 = 𝑅2

Example 5

Design a square corner panel of a floor slab simply supported on the outer edges and continuous
over the interior beams is shown. The design ultimate load is 12.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 . The slab is to be

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ASTU Department of Civil Engineering RC II

175𝑚𝑚 thick and reinforced equally in both directions. The materials are C20/25 concrete and S-
300 reinforcement. Orientations of yield line pattern is as shown on the diagram. Design the slab
using the yield line method.

Solution

The yield line pattern, which is symmetric about the diagonal, depends on one variable β.
Assuming the deflection at the meeting point of the sagging yield lines as Δ.

Let 𝒎𝒑𝒙 = 𝒎𝒑𝒚 = 𝒎 and 𝒎𝒏𝒙 = 𝒎𝒏𝒚 = 𝝁𝒎.

Step1: The rotations of the slab segments:

∆ ∆
Bottom and Left triangles segment: 𝜃 = 6𝛽 , 𝛿 = 3

∆ ∆
Right and top triangles segment: 𝜃 = 6−6𝛽 , 𝛿 = 3

Step2: External Work done 𝑾𝑬 by 𝒘𝒖

1 ∆
Bottom and Left triangles segment: 2 [(2) (6)(6𝛽)(𝒘𝒖 ) (3)] = 12𝒘𝒖 𝜷∆

1 ∆
Top and right triangles segment: 2 [(2) (6)(6 − 6𝛽)(𝒘𝒖 ) (3)] = 12𝒘𝒖 ∆(𝟏 − 𝜷)

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ASTU Department of Civil Engineering RC II

The total external work done is:

𝑾𝑬 = 12𝒘𝒖 𝜷∆ + 12𝒘𝒖 ∆(𝟏 − 𝜷) = 12𝒘𝒖 ∆

Step3: Internal Work done 𝑾𝑰 by moments

∆ 2𝑚∆
Bottom and Left triangles segment: 2 [𝑚 (6𝛽) (6)] = 𝛽

∆ 2(𝑚+𝜇𝑚)∆
Top and right triangles segment: 2 [(𝑚 + 𝜇𝑚) (6−6𝛽) (6)] = (1−𝛽)

The total energy dissipated by all yield lines is

2𝑚∆ 2(𝑚+𝜇𝑚)∆ 1 𝜇 𝛽(1+𝜇)+(1−𝛽) (1+𝜇𝛽)

𝑾𝑰 = 𝛽
+ (1−𝛽)
= 2𝑚∆ (𝛽 + 1−𝛽) = 2𝑚∆ [ (𝛽−𝛽 2 )
] = 2𝑚∆ [(𝛽−𝛽2 )]

Step4: Apply principle of virtual work method

𝑾𝑬 = 𝑾𝑰

(1 + 𝜇𝛽)
12𝒘𝒖 ∆= 2𝑚∆ [ ]
(𝛽 − 𝛽 2 )

(𝛽−𝛽 2 )
Solving for 𝒎 the equation becomes: 𝒎 = 𝟔𝒘𝒖 [ (1+𝜇𝛽) ] … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . 𝟏

𝑑𝑚
To obtain the maximum moment =0
𝑑𝑥

(1 − 2𝛽)(1 + 𝜇𝛽) − 𝜇(𝛽 − 𝛽 2 ) = 0

1 + 𝜇𝛽 − 2𝛽 − 2𝜇𝛽 2 − 𝜇𝛽 + 𝜇𝛽 2 = 0

1 − 2𝛽 − 𝜇𝛽 2 = 0

𝝁𝜷𝟐 + 𝟐𝜷 − 𝟏 = 𝟎

−2 + √4 + 4𝜇 −1 + √1 + 𝜇
𝛽= =
2𝜇 𝜇

Substituting 𝛽 in equation 1, to find 𝒎

Take the ratio of negative to positive moment equal to the ratio of a propped cantilever beam:

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𝑤𝑢 𝐿2

𝜇= 8
9𝑤𝑢 𝐿2
= 𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟖 and 𝑤𝑢 = 12.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 𝜷 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓
128

𝒎𝒑 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟒𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎⁄𝒎 𝒎𝒏 = 1.778 ∗ 10.46 𝑘𝑁𝑚⁄𝑚 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎⁄𝒎

Step5: Check depth for flexural design

Assuming 12𝑚𝑚 diameter bars and 15𝑚𝑚 cover, the effective depth d of the inner layer is:

𝑑 = 175 − 15 − 6 = 154𝑚𝑚
𝑥
For no moment redistribution, 𝑑 ≤ 0.448 → 𝑥 = 0.448𝑑

𝑀𝑢 = 0.295𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑀𝑢 = 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑚𝑛 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎⁄𝒎 , 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎

𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑀 18.6∗106
𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛. ≥ √0.295𝑏𝑓 = √0.295∗1000∗11.33 = 74.6𝑚𝑚 < 𝑑 = 154𝑚𝑚 … … … … … … … … . 𝑂𝑘!
𝑐𝑑

Step 6: Calculate flexural reinforcement

Slab is design as a singly reinforced beam.

𝑴 𝑑
𝑨𝒔 = 𝒛𝒇 𝑧 = 2 (1 + √1 − 2𝐾) ≤ 0.95𝑑
𝒚𝒅

𝑀
𝐾=
𝑏𝑑2 𝑓𝑐𝑑

Check maximum and minimum reinforcement areas (Refer ES EN 1992: 2015 clause 9.2.1.1,
Pg. 162)
2
0.26𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 𝑏𝑡 𝑑 0.26(0.3(𝑓𝑐𝑘 ) ⁄3 )∗1000∗154
= = 𝟐𝟗𝟒. 𝟗𝟔𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥. { 𝑓𝑦𝑘 300
0.0013𝑏𝑡 𝑑 = 0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 154 = 200.2𝑚𝑚2

𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04𝐴𝑐 = 0.04 ∗ 1000 ∗ 175 = 𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐

𝑏𝑡 =Width of tension zone = Take 1m width 𝐴𝑐 = area of concrete = b*h

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𝒃𝒂𝒔
Spacing of reinforcement 𝒔 = 𝑨𝒔

Check minimum spacing of reinforcement (Refer ES EN 1992: 2015 clause 8.2, Pg. 140)

𝜙𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 12𝑚𝑚
𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥. { 𝜙𝑎𝑔𝑔. + 5𝑚𝑚
𝟐𝟎𝒎𝒎

Check maximum spacing of reinforcement (Refer ES EN 1992: 2015 clause 9.3.1, Pg. 169)

 For slabs less than 200mm thick the following maximum spacing rules apply:

3ℎ = 3 ∗ 175 = 525𝑚𝑚
 For the principal reinforcement: 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑀𝑖𝑛. {
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎

3.5ℎ = 3.5 ∗ 175 = 612.5𝑚𝑚

 For the secondary reinforcement: 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑀𝑖𝑛. {
𝟒𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎

Where h is the depth of the slab

For support moment 𝒎𝒏 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎⁄𝒎

𝑚 18.6∗106
𝐾 = 𝑏𝑑2 𝑓𝑛 = 1000∗1542 ∗11.33 = 0.0692 ≤ 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.295
𝑐𝑑

∴The slab section is singly reinforced section

𝑑 154
𝑧 = 2 (1 + √1 − 2𝐾) = (1 + √1 − 2 ∗ 0.0692)
2

= 148.473𝑚𝑚 ≰ 0.95𝑑 = 0.95 ∗ 154 = 146.3𝑚𝑚 … … … … … … … … … . 𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝑂𝑘!

∴ 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑍 = 146.3𝑚𝑚

𝒎𝒏 𝟏𝟖. 𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝑨𝒔 = = = 𝟒𝟖𝟕. 𝟑𝟓𝟒𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝒛𝒇𝒚𝒅 𝟏𝟒𝟔. 𝟑 ∗ 𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟖𝟕

𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟐𝟗𝟒. 𝟗𝟔𝒎𝒎𝟐 < 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟒𝟖𝟕. 𝟑𝟓𝟒𝒎𝒎𝟐 < 𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐 … 𝑶𝒌!

𝒃𝒂𝒔
𝒔=
𝑨𝒔

𝝅(𝟏𝟐)𝟐
𝒃𝒂𝒔 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎∗
𝟒
Use 𝜙12𝑚𝑚 bar 𝒔 = = = 𝟐𝟑𝟐. 𝟎𝟔𝟒𝒎𝒎
𝑨𝒔 𝟒𝟖𝟕.𝟑𝟓𝟒

Design and analysis of slabs by Yield Line Method Page 12 of 14

ASTU Department of Civil Engineering RC II

𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 20𝑚𝑚 < 𝑠 = 232.064𝑚𝑚 < 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 400𝑚𝑚 𝑻𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝒔 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎

∴Provide 𝜙12𝑚𝑚 c/c 200𝑚𝑚.

For span moment 𝒎𝒑 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟒𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎⁄𝒎

𝑚𝑝 10.46∗106
𝐾 = 𝑏𝑑2 𝑓 = 1000∗1542 ∗11.33 = 0.0389 ≤ 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.295
𝑐𝑑

∴The slab section is singly reinforced section

𝑑 154
𝑧 = (1 + √1 − 2𝐾) = (1 + √1 − 2 ∗ 0.0389)
2 2

= 150.942𝑚𝑚 ≰ 0.95𝑑 = 0.95 ∗ 154 = 146.3𝑚𝑚𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝑂𝑘!

∴ 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑍 = 146.3𝑚𝑚

𝒎𝒏 𝟏𝟎. 𝟒𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝑨𝒔 = = = 𝟐𝟕𝟒. 𝟎𝟕𝟏𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝒛𝒇𝒚𝒅 𝟏𝟒𝟔. 𝟑 ∗ 𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟖𝟕

𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟐𝟗𝟒. 𝟗𝟔𝒎𝒎𝟐 < 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟐𝟕𝟒. 𝟎𝟕𝟏𝒎𝒎𝟐 < 𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐 … 𝑵𝒐𝒕 𝑶𝒌!

𝒃𝒂𝒔
𝑨𝒔 = 𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟐𝟗𝟒. 𝟗𝟔𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝒔= 𝑨𝒔

𝝅(𝟏𝟐)𝟐
𝒃𝒂𝒔 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎∗
𝟒
Use 𝜙12𝑚𝑚 bar 𝒔 = = = 𝟑𝟖𝟑. 𝟒𝟑𝟑𝒎𝒎
𝑨𝒔 𝟐𝟗𝟒.𝟗𝟔

𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 20𝑚𝑚 < 𝑠 = 383.433𝑚𝑚 < 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 400𝑚𝑚

𝑻𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝒔 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎

∴Provide 𝜙12𝑚𝑚 c/c 350𝑚𝑚.

Design and analysis of slabs by Yield Line Method Page 13 of 14

ASTU Department of Civil Engineering RC II

Step7: Detailing of Reinforcement

Design and analysis of slabs by Yield Line Method Page 14 of 14