The Process Approach

to Writing and The

R.A.F.T. Writing
Technique
Carisma
Dela Rosa
Doton
The Process
Approach to
Writing
Icebreaker
Icebreaker

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Three synonyms are P_____t___
given to assist
you in answering. Planning
Researching
Outlining
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Three synonyms are Pr__r_t___
given to assist
you in answering. Planning
Researching
Outlining
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Three synonyms are Prewriting
given to assist
you in answering. Planning
Researching
Outlining
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Three synonyms are D___t___
given to assist
you in answering. Composing
Crafting
Drawing up
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Three synonyms are Dr__ti__
given to assist
you in answering. Composing
Crafting
Drawing up
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Three synonyms are Drafting
given to assist
you in answering. Composing
Crafting
Drawing up
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Three synonyms are R___s___
given to assist
you in answering. Rewrite
Change
Rephrase
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Three synonyms are Rev_s__
given to assist
you in answering. Rewrite
Change
Rephrase
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Three synonyms are Revising
given to assist
you in answering. Rewrite
Change
Rephrase
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Three synonyms are F_____c_
given to assist
you in answering. Reaction
Comment
Critique
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Three synonyms are F__d_ac_
given to assist
you in answering. Reaction
Comment
Critique
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Three synonyms are Feedback
given to assist
you in answering. Reaction
Comment
Critique
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Three synonyms are E__t___
given to assist
you in answering. Correct
Check
Modify
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Three synonyms are Ed_t__g
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Three synonyms are Editing
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Modify
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Three synonyms are P_____h___
given to assist
you in answering. Produce
Print
Put out
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Three synonyms are P__l__h_n_
given to assist
you in answering. Produce
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Three synonyms are Publishing
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you in answering. Produce
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 The Process Approach to Writing
The process approach lets students
manage their own writing by giving
students a chance to think as they
write (Brown, 2001, p. 336). That
is, students convey their messages
to the readers in written form
through the complex writing process

There’s a natural organization to

the process of writing that brings
an idea from conception to final
draft, and most writers may not even
realize the way they create falls
into a fairly standard terminology.
 Prewriting (Think and Decide)
Prewriting is the step in which tools
such as free writing, brainstorming,
outlining, or clustering are used. In
prewriting, no idea is too off topic
or too strange. It is these sometimes
dissociative ideas that can lead you
to a paper topic that you never would
have considered.

Prewriting is a preparation process

that you can complete before you
actually write your paper, essay or
summary. Prewriting helps you organize
your thoughts, plan your research or
writing, and clarify your thesis.
Some examples of Prewriting Strategies
● Researching
Research is a vital aspect of the writing process, but it can also be an
effective prewriting technique. As you read books and articles about your
topic, take notes about the information as well as your reactions and opinions.
You can then use these notes to organize your thoughts and plan your paper.

● Brainstorming
Brainstorming is a process where you quickly verbalize and/or write down all of
your thoughts as they occur to you. Though you can brainstorm without writing
your thoughts down, it can be very beneficial to do so because it makes it
easier to keep track of them. This process is usually very informal, and it
often helps writers find a theme or topic on which to focus their paper.

● Listing
When using this strategy, you write a list of as many ideas or terms associated
with your topic as possible. This strategy is particularly useful if you're
writing about a broad topic because it helps you create precise subtopics.
Some examples of Prewriting Strategies
● Clustering
Clustering, also known as mind mapping
or idea mapping, is a prewriting
technique that focuses on the
relationships between topics and
ideas.

● Freewriting
Freewriting is the process of writing
down whatever comes to your mind
without worrying about the grammar,
spelling or quality of your ideas.
When freewriting, the goal is to write
quickly and without too much thought
so that you can generate as many ideas
as possible.
 Drafting (Write)
Drafting is the beginning of
“writing” your paper. It is
important to remember that in
drafting you should already
have an idea to guide your
writing. Many writers will
tackle their body paragraphs
first instead of beginning with
an introduction (especially if
you are not sure of the exact
direction of your paper).
 Drafting (Write)
For example, an author may decide to write an essay about
dogs. He could have developed his prewriting notes with
information about three topics relating to dogs: Show dogs,
working dogs, and dog racing. These are all topics that
could stand alone in an essay. During drafting, the author
should choose just one of these topics for his piece of
writing.
 Securing feedback from peer/s
Peer feedback is when people
provide one another with feedback
on their work or performance. A
peer review's purpose is to help
peers keep on track, identify
mistakes, and learn problem
solving skills that will allow
growth. Peer review builds
student investment in writing. It
forces students to engage with
writing and encourages the
self-reflexivity that fosters
critical thinking skills.
 Revising (Make it Better)
There are two different scopes
of revision: global and local.
Global revision involves
looking for issues like
cohesion and the overall
progression of your paper. If
your paper has paragraphs that
do not flow into each other,
but change topic abruptly only
to return to a previous thought
later, your paper has poor
cohesion.
 Revising (Make it Better)
If your topics change from paragraph to paragraph, it is
necessary to either consider altering the order of your
paragraph and/or revising your writing either by adding to
existing paragraphs or creating new ones that explain your
change in topic.

Local issues involve looking for clarity in sentences,

ensuring coherence with your ideas. The greatest asset to
avoiding and fixing local issues is to use varied sentence
structure and to avoid using the same words repeatedly.
 Securing feedback from the
teacher
The kind of feedback the
teacher gives may depend on
what stage in the writing
process the writing represents
(drafting, composing, editing)
and feedback should both
encourage students (through
praise for ideas, originality
etc) as well as guide them
towards needed improvements.
 Editing
The editing aspect of the
writing process is about
eliminating possible errors
in your revised content.
These include elements that
can affect your text’s
accuracy, clarity, and
readability. The editing
process also addresses
misquoted content, factual
errors, awkward phrasing, and
unnecessary repetition
 Publishing
Encourage students to publish their works in a variety of
ways, such as a class book, bulletin board, letters to
the editor, school newsletter, or website. Having an
authentic audience beyond the classroom gives student
writing more importance and helps students to see a
direct connection between their lives and their literacy
development. It builds corporate enthusiasm and supports
ongoing education. When you share your published articles
internally, it makes others feel proud that they are part
of an known and respected organization
 ss
Proce in
ach
Appro ing
Writ
 Keywords

Feedback from
Prewriting Drafting peer/s and teachers
Formulation of Writing ideas down Asking others’
ideas preparatory on paper opinion to improve
to writing writing

Revising Editing Publishing

Looking for issues Making Making information
and errors in your sentence-level available to the
writing changes public
 RAFT writing
STRATEGY
What is
RAFT?
ICEBREAKER
Can you determine the
following?

● Who was Howie Smith in the

writing?
● To whom did he intend to
send the writing?
● What form of writing did
Howie Smith use?
● What does he want to talk
about?
What Is This
Topic About?
● What the acronym RAFT
stands for.
● How RAFT can be used
in writing.

● Examples of usage of
RAFT not limited to
writing.

What is RAFT?
What is RAFT?
RAFT is a writing
strategy to help
students focus on
four areas of
communication
(Miller, 2022).
 What is RAFT?
The RAFT (Role, Audience, Format, Topic) writing strategy,
developed by Santa, Havens, and Valdes, helps students
understand their role as a writer and communicate their
ideas clearly by developing a sense of audience and purpose
in their writing. Works of art are rich sources of ideas
and details for narrative and other kinds of writing. This
RAFT strategy lends itself to use with works of art and to
helping students develop their ideas and organize their
approach before they begin to write (Hunt, 2004).
 What is RAFT?

R.A.F.T. helps students focus on the audience they will

share their writing with, addressing the concept, the
varied formats for writing, and the topic they'll be
writing about. By using this strategy, teachers encourage
students to write creatively, consider different topics
from multiple perspectives, and to gain the ability to
write for different audiences (Valdez, 2015)
RAFT

Role Format
“Who was I as the “What kind of Writing
author of this piece will I do?
of writing?”

Audience Topic
“Who is my audience?” “What do I want to
talk about?”
 ROLE
Role of the Writer – The role is the perspective. Is the
writer the President of a country, a fifth-grade student, a
famous athlete, or any number of people? The role might
include animals or inanimate objects such as toys.

Can be:

Artist, character from a book, scientist, teacher, judge,

reporter.
 AUDIENCE

Audience – The audience includes any person that will read

the writing. This could be a large group such as a school
body or an individual such as a school principal.

Can be:

Group of people, peers, television audience, organization,

authority, guest.
 FORMAT

Format – Writing comes in all formats. Think letter,

petition, instructions, television commercial, travel
guide, newspaper article, journal entry, speech, and so on.

Can be:

Letter, billboard, cartoon, song, brochure, editorial,

commercial, electronic message, commercial.
 TOPIC
Topic – The topic is what you will be writing
about. This can include endless possibilities.

Can be:

Saving the environment, changing the rule or law,

promoting a product, addressing an issue,
informing the public, asking for help or favor.
Example
 Example

ROLE AUDIENCE FORMAT TOPIC

His
interaction
with a
Bienvenido Scent of
Readers of fellow
Santos Apples
his story Filipino
(Writer) (Book)
who’s an
immigrant
in exile.
WHAT is
RAFT?

ng
Writi
RAFT
 Keywords

Role Audience Format

The perspective Any person that The form in
in a writing. will read the which the
writing. writing is done.

Topic
The main idea
that the writing
contains.
 Activity

Write a short piece

of writing (short
story, essay, letter,
etc.) and derive the
four areas discussed
in the topic using
RAFT.
 Resources

● https://www.terraamericanar https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
t.org/tools-for-teachers/ra GB9VV02Cmas
ft-writing-strategies/#_ftn
ref1 https://www.lynchburg.edu/academ
ics/writing-center/wilmer-writin
● https://bookunitsteacher.co g-center-online-writing-lab/the-
m/wp/?p=91 writing-process/#:~:text=The%20g
eneral%20steps%20are%3A%20discov
● https://sites.google.com/si ery,drafting%2C%20revising%2C%20
te/spe341grandef2015/ebp-we and%20editing.
bpage/a-writing-strategy
https://writing.ku.edu/writing-p
rocess
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