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Conquest of Makkah

The conquest of Makkah in 8 AH was an important event in Islamic history. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) led 10,000 Muslim soldiers to Makkah after the Quraish broke a treaty by killing members of an allied tribe. The Muslim army camped outside Makkah and launched a strategic attack, entering the city peacefully after the Quraish surrendered. The Prophet showed forgiveness to the Quraish and destroyed their idols in the Kaaba, establishing Islam in Makkah. This event demonstrated Islam's message of peace and increased conversions.

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863 views12 pages

Conquest of Makkah

The conquest of Makkah in 8 AH was an important event in Islamic history. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) led 10,000 Muslim soldiers to Makkah after the Quraish broke a treaty by killing members of an allied tribe. The Muslim army camped outside Makkah and launched a strategic attack, entering the city peacefully after the Quraish surrendered. The Prophet showed forgiveness to the Quraish and destroyed their idols in the Kaaba, establishing Islam in Makkah. This event demonstrated Islam's message of peace and increased conversions.

Uploaded by

Sahar Mahmood
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Conquest of Makkah

IGCSE O level Notes


Introduction

 The conquest of Makkah is a very important event in


the history of Islam for various reasons.

 It has a background, some important events and the


importance of this event. This event occurred on 8 A.H
after the battle of Mu’tah.
Background

 In 6 A.H, the Muslims signed the treaty of Hudaibiya


with the Quraish of Makkah which had certain clauses.
This was the time when a tribe known as Banu Bakr
was an ally of the Quraish while the Banu Khuza tribe
was the ally of the Muslims
 Muslims and the Quraish of Makkah were keen to
safeguard the interests of their allies. However, the battle
of Mu’tah was considered the weakness of the
Muslims.
 The Quraish misinterpreted and miscalculated the
situation and they persuaded Banu Bakr (their ally) to
attack and kill some men of Banu Khuza (an ally of the
Muslims).
Background

 What happened was that the Quraish successfully


instigated the men of Banu Bakr and they killed several
innocent people of the Banu Khuza tribe.
 The people of Banu Khuza immediately approached the
Prophet Muhammad ( )‫ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬who was keen to safeguard the
interests of the people of Banu Khuza.
 The Prophet Muhammad ( )‫ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬demanded the Quraish to
take action on the situation and he offered them three
alternatives. The three alternatives were:
 Pay blood money (Qisas)
 Dissolve their treaty with Banu Bakr
 Dissolve their treaty with the Muslims (meaning to be
ready for battle).
Background

 The first two options were against the pride and prestige
of Quraish and therefore, they opted for the third
alternative which was to go into a fight against the
Muslims.
 The Quraish soon realised their mistake and their leader
Abu Sufiyan tried to negotiate. However, the negotiations
failed as the Prophet Muhammad ( )‫ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬was keen to avenge
the deaths of the innocent men of Banu Khuza.
Events of the Conquest of Makkah:

 The Prophet Muhammad ( )‫ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬asked his companions to


quickly prepare to move towards Makkah. The Muslim
army until it reached Makkah was around 10,000 men
(because the neighbouring tribes joined the Muslim
army).
 Fight in the way of Allah those who fight you but do not
transgress limits…Surah Al-Baqarah (2:190)
 The Muslims camped at Marr-uz-Zahran (a place around
10 miles from Makkah). This was a very strategic point as
it gave the complete view of Makkah and here the
Prophet Muhammad ( )‫ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬played a very wise tactic.
Events of the Conquest of Makkah:

 He ordered his companions to light up their torches and


as it was night, the Muslim army seemed twice to the
Quraish of Makkah than it actually was.
 Due to this, the Quraish of Makkah were dishearted and
they were not ready to compete with the Muslim army.
 The was a time when the leader of the Quraish, Abu
Sufiyan ibn Harb, was caught spying. With this, the
events continued and the Prophet Muhammad ( ‫صلى هللا‬
)‫عليه وسلم‬divided the Muslim army into four battalions.
Events of the Conquest of Makkah:

 The four batillions were under:


 Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib ()‫رضي هللا عنه‬
 Hazrat Zubayr ibn Awan ()‫رضي هللا عنه‬
 Hazrat Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah ()‫رضي هللا عنه‬
 Hazrat Khalid ibn Waleed ()‫رضي هللا عنه‬
 All of the above-mentioned commanders were excellent
and brave soldiers with exceptional military tactics.
Events of the Conquest of Makkah:

 However, in the morning, the Prophet Muhammad ( )‫ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬gave a general
pardon before entering Makkah. Some of the important
commandments were:
 To not cut trees or destroy crops and other valuable resources.
 The women, children and old people were not to be attacked or
harmed in any way.
 Anyone who took refuge in the Kaaba or the house of Abu Sufiyan
or their own house was not to be harmed.
 Any unarmed men were not to be attacked.
 Muslims should not attack, they were to defend themselves only.
 With this, the Muslims entered Makkah and only the battalion
under Hazrat Khalid ibn Waleed ( )‫رضي هللا عنه‬was attacked and
successfully killed the enemies. Other than that, the Quraish of
Makkah surrendered.
Aftermath:
 With this, the Prophet Muhammad ( )‫ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬entered Makkah
and he showed utmost simplicity and humility. His blessed
forehead was lowered because he was not proud of his
victories.
 He was aware that all of this was the blessings of God
almighty. The Prophet Muhammad ( )‫ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬offered tawaf
(circumambulation around the Kaabah seven times) and
then entered the Holy Kaaba where he destroyed 360
idols.
 About this, the Quran says:
And say “Truth has (now) arrived and falsehood perished
for falsehood (by its nature) bound to perish.
Surah Isra (17:81)
The forgiveness of the enemies:

 This was the time when all the bitter enemies of the Prophet
Muhammad ( )‫ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬were in front of him. He asked them about their
punishment for which they replied:
 “You are a noble brother and son of a noble brother”.
 After listening to this, the Prophet Muhammad forgave all his bitter
enemies and said to them that “you are free”.
 Only some of the people were executed for their deeds. History has
never witnessed an incident such as this.
 All the enemies that were constantly planning to harm the Prophet
(PBUH), he not only forgave them but also held no grudge against
them.
 This event brought about massive conversions to Islam and
therefore, the Prophet Muhammad ( )‫ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬stayed in Makkah to teach
his religion, Islam.
 He handed the keys of Kaaba to Usman bin Talha when the threat of
the battle of Hunain was adjacent.
The Importance:

 The importance of the conquest of Makkah is that this event


proved that Islam is a religion of peace and harmony as
elaborated by the conduct of Muslims during this event.
 The power of Islam was shown to the entire world and the
conversions to Islam increased rapidly.
 Moreover, the Muslims now were no longer in threat by the
Quraish of Makkah as their power against Islam was
completely crushed.
 Furthermore, the conquest of Mecca was also important
because Madinah was now secure from the North as well.
 The deaths of the innocent people of Banu Khuza were
avenged showing that the wrongdoers will not go unpunished.

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