A rate is a comparison of two numbers with different units.

A rate is often expressed as

a fraction including units.

Example: The farmer’s market charges $10 for 4 apples. The rate charged is
$10
4 apples

A unit rate is a rate with a denominator of 1. In order to calculate a unit rate, divide both
the numerator and denominator by the denominator.
÷4
Example: $10 $2.50
=
4 apples 1 apple
÷4

Often a unit rate is expressed as a single number using the word “per” to explain units.

Example:
$2.50
= $2.50 per apple
1 apple

1. Find each unit rate below.

a. Sophie completes 10 b. Edward uses 8 gluesticks c. Katie’s truck drives 100 miles
sudoku puzzles in 2 months. every 4 weeks. for every 5 gallons of gas.

lteguse26BBBM-B-IEEB-fsg.ge
fggy④Ñ¥%gg£ISfMg
too
÷2

ggg"%wee↳
◦miles
10 puzzles 5 puzzles 5- /gamma gas
2 months = 1 month
÷2

or 5 puzzles per month

d. Jackson makes 4 new e. Grandma V completes one f. Zahara types 10 pages in 4

friends every year. crossword every three hours.
days.

1¥ =3
=
2-5
pages / hour

31
3 month Jackson has 7 more friend
every

g. Kovidh completes 200 h. Arya rides her horse 25 i. Raisa reads 675 pages in 9
integer problems in 20 miles in 2 hours. days.
minutes. =
75 pages
225in 12.5min /
=

day
20%
=
10
integer/minutes

Camilla Cortney & Christen McCool

 Unit rates can be used to make calculations about a situation.

Example: Jo eats 40 jellybeans in 5 minutes. How many jellybeans will Jo eat in 20 minutes?

The rate is which can be expressed as a unit rate of or 8 jellybeans per

minute.

20 minutes ● = 160 In 20 minutes, Jo will eat 160 jellybeans.

2. Write the unit rate for each of the following situations. Then use the unit rate to answer the
question. Make sure to show both the unit rate and your calculation.

a. Parker adds 14 pieces to the b. Paz makes 12 paper airplanes c. Maria makes 3 batches of
puzzle every 2 days. How many every 3 days. How many paper cookies every 2 weeks. How
pieces will he have added after airplanes will he have made in many batches will she have
30 days? 15 days? made after 12 weeks?
÷2
14 pieces
Unit Rate: = 7 pieces Unit Rate: Unit Rate:
2 days ÷2 1 day
or 7 pieces per day
72=4 paper/
g. days 3-2=1.5 batches / week

Calculation/Answer: Calculation/Answer: Calculation/Answer:

30
days __ 210
pieces 75 days =
15×4=60
paper
12 week -
1-5×72=78 batches

Multiple calculations about a situation can be summarized in

a table. Days Miles

Example: Samved walks two miles per day. Calculate how 3 3●2 6
many miles Samved has walked after each number of days
given in the table. Show your work in the middle column. 7 7●2 14
The unit rate is 2 miles per day. 10 10 ● 2 20

3. Write the unit rate for each of the following situations. Then use the unit rate to fill in the table.

a. Max uses 1 bottle of ranch every b. Samuel runs 24 miles every c. Olivia plants 6 flowers every 2
two years. three weeks. days.
1 bottle ÷ 2 0.5 bottle
Unit Rate:
2 years
= 1 year Unit Rate:
24 miles = Smile /week Unit Rate: ◦ flowers =3 flowers
/
÷2
2
days
day
3 weeks
or ½ bottle per year
Years Bottles Weeks Miles Days Flowers
0 0●½ 0 0 0×8 0 0 0×3 0

2 2●½ 1 1 7×8 8 2 2×3 6

6 6×12 3 4 4×8 32 5 5×3 15

12 72×12 6 6 6×8 48 8 8×3 24

32 32×12 76 7 7×8 56 9 9×3 27

 An ordered pair (x, y) locates a point on a coordinate plane where the first
number is the x-coordinate and the second number is the y-coordinate. Often
ordered pairs are listed in a table as shown below.
y

x y
(2, 6)
2 6 (2, 6) (-2, 4)
RECALL
(3, 1)
3 1 (3, 1) x

-2 4 (-2, 4) (-5, -7)

-5 -7 (-5, -7)

1. Write the ordered pair referred to in each line of the table. Then plot the points on the coordinate
grid.

a. b.

x y x y
•

(5,6)
-3 -6 3 6
C-2,1)
(0,5 )
4 -2 C- 3,0)
0 5
•
(o.o)
•B Do •

ooo

0 0 (49-2) -2 1 C-454)
⑧

C-350 ?
-6 5 -4 -4
•

c. d.
(4,7 ) C- 6,7 )
x y •
x y •

C- 1,4) (Iit )
7 4 •
-3 0 @

0 -2 (-2,0)
•
-6 7 (053 )
@

(451 )
(553)
-1 4 1 4 ⑧

4 -1 5 -3

Camilla Cortney & Christen McCool

 When the x and y values in a table represent real world values, we can plot the ordered pairs on a
coordinate grid to create a scatterplot.

2. Write the unit rate for each of the following situations. Use the unit rate to fill in the table. Then
create a scatterplot of the data points. You should label your axes.

a. Sam earns $3 for each floor he mops. b. Danika creates 6 sketches every 3 weeks.
6 sketches
Unit rate: $3 per floor Unit rate: 3 weeks = 2 sketches per week

x y x y
Floors Money Sketches
Weeks
mopped earned • created •
Money earned

0 0 0 0

6
•
2 1 2
•

3 9 4 8
⑧

5 15 7 74 •

Floors mopped

c. Saachi sends 6 texts a minute. d. Alex writes 8 poems every 2 months.

Unit rate: Unit rate:

:oy :4y
× ×

x y •
x y
Texts Poems
Minutes Months •

Sent written

0 D •
0 0
•

1 to 2 8 •

2 12 3 12

3 18 • 4 76 •

e. Cam sells 1 box of cookies every 2 days. f. It rains 3 inches every 3 days.

Unit rate: 2y=✗ Unit rate: x=y

Be

x y x y
Boxes Inches of
Day Days
Sold Rain
•

0 D 0 O
•

2 4 6 6
•

BB

8 76 • 8 8

14 28 • .
.
12 72 •
 The relationship between two real-world quantities can often be represented with an equation
or rule. When two quantities exhibit a constant unit rate, this equation takes the form

y = mx
y
where m is the constant unit rate
x
This equation represents the fact that for any value of x, the quantity y can always be found by
multiplying x by the unit rate.

Example: Mia catches 3 frogs each day. Let x be days and y be number of frogs caught.

The equation representing this situation is

y = 3x
because you multiply the number of days by 3 to find the number of frogs caught.

1. Find the unit rate for each of the following. Then write an equation to represent each situation.

a. Sean sends 32 texts an hour. Let x be hours b. Every 2 days, Igor makes 8 origami swans.
and y be the number of texts sent. Let x be days and y be number of swans.

Unit rate: Equation: Unit rate: Equation:

y = 32x = 4 swans
32 texts per 8 swan
x 4Y
=

2 days per day

hour

c. Ms. Cortney makes 12 worksheets a week. d. Karina uses 15 lemons to make 3 quarts of
Let x be weeks and y be # of worksheets. lemonade. Let x be quarts of lemonade and y
be lemons.
Unit rate: 12 worksheets
(week Equation: Unit rate: lenon/quart
&

Equation:
y= 12X y 5X =

e. Dara takes 25 selfies every 5 minutes. Let x f. Ken shoots 10 baskets every 2 minutes. Let
be minutes and y be the number of selfies. x be minutes and y be number of shots.

Unit rate: 5 selfies/min Equation: Unit rate: 5 baskets

(min Equation:
4 5X Y 5X
=

g. Tahila weaves 40 baskets every 2 months. h. Drew drinks 9 sodas every 2 hours. Let x be
Let x be months and y be # of baskets. hours and y be number of sodas.

Unit rate: 28 basketmonth Equation: Unit rate: 4.5 Sodas/hour Equation:

Y 20X
=

Y 4.5X
=

Camilla Cortney & Christen McCool

 A graph can be created to represent an equation by plotting particular ordered pairs (x, y) that
make the equation true. These ordered pairs are found by plugging in specific values of x in order to
find y. Usually these points are connected with a line and arrows.

2. Use the following equations to find y for the given x values as modeled below. Then plot each
point. Connect the points with a line using a straightedge and including arrows.

a. y = 4x
x y

-2 4(-2) -8 (-2, -8)

-1 4(-1) -4 (-1, -4)

0 4(0) 0 (0, 0)

2 4(2) 8 (2, 8)

b. y = 2x
x y
I •

-5 -
5 (2) -10 •

-1 -
7 (2) -2
⑤

2 2 (2) 4

4 412) 8 •

c. y = 3x
x y
Be

-3 -

3. (3) -9

-1 -
I (3) -
3
•

0 ☐ (3) 0

2 2 (3) 6

d. y = ½x
x y

-8 -
812 ) -4
⑧

-2 -21£ ) -7 •

4 4cL ) 2

6 6 (f) 3
 When two variables x and y exhibit a constant unit rate, the relationship between the two
variables is called a direct variation. A direct variation can be identified in the following ways:
● The equation is of the form y = mx where m is the constant unit rate.
● The ratio y/x for every ordered pair in the table simplifies to the same unit rate and the
table contains - or would contain - the ordered pair (0, 0). Note: Do not try to calculate a
unit rate for (0, 0).
● The graph is a straight line through the origin.

1. Identify if each of the following represents a direct variation.

a. DIRECT VARIATION b. DIRECT VARIATION

x y x y
NOT A DIRECT VARIATION 8=-4 NOT A DIRECT VARIATION
0 0 -2 8 -3

3 -9
-9 = -3 -1 4
4
=
=
-4
3 ,

5 -10 -10 = -2 0 0 8=0 ×

5
6 -18 -18 = -3 8 -32
6

c. DIRECT VARIATION d. DIRECT VARIATION

x y x y

-5 -20 -2-0--4NOT A DIRECT VARIATION -3 -6

=
2 NOT A DIRECT VARIATION
5
-

4=4
by bx
-

-1 -4 1 6
=

3 12 12-3--4 4 8
40=4
10 40 To 10 20

e. DIRECT VARIATION f. DIRECT VARIATION

Be

NOT A DIRECT VARIATION ⑨

NOT A DIRECT VARIATION
00

Or

(-2,0 )
•

•
(-1g 2) -

(◦ g- 4)
•

(79-6)
•

g. DIRECT VARIATION h. DIRECT VARIATION

NOT A DIRECT VARIATION NOT A DIRECT VARIATION

•
•
•
•

Camilla Cortney & Christen McCool

 If the two variables in a table represent a direct variation, then the relationship between the two
variables can be represented with an equation of the form
y
y = mx where m is the constant unit rate x
In order to ensure that the table is in fact a direct variation, you must calculate the unit rate y
for each ordered pair other than (0, 0). x

2. Write an equation to represent each table by calculating the unit rate for each row.
a. b.
x y x y
10 = -2 -11=7
-5 10 -5 -2 -14 -

-1 2
2 = -2 1 7
-1 y = -2x 7-F-
2 -4 -4 = -2 3 21
y
2
6 -12 -12 = -2 8 56
6

c. d.
x y x y -41=4
-3 15 15-3=-5 -10 -40
to
-

-1 5 -5 -20 4✗=y
5×-7
-

4 -20 6 24

9 -45 11 44

If the two variables in a graph represent a direct variation, then the equation can be
y
determined by selecting an ordered pair from the graph and calculating
x

3. Write an equation to represent each graph.

a. b.
4 =4 ✗
=2y
(1, 4) 1
or =L
-4 = 4
-1
(-1, -4)
y = 4x
c. d.
=-3 ✗
5y
= -

=-3
=3, =
-5

✗=
-34
 A direct variation equation can be used to answer questions about the situation it represents.
This is done by plugging in the value of the variable you know and calculating or solving for the
9
second variable.
Example: Satvika sends 10 emails every 2 days. Let x be days and y be number of emails sent.
The equation representing this situation is y = 5x.

Question Type 1 Question Type 2

When you are given x and need to find y When you are given y and need to find x
How many emails will Satvika send in 7 How long will it take Satvika to send 55 emails?
days?
y = 55
x=7 1. Plug the y-value into the equation
1. Plug the x-value into the equation
55 = 5x
y = 5(7)
2. Solve the one-step 55 = 5x
2. Calculate y. equation for x. ÷5 ÷5
y = 35 x = 11
Satvika will send 35 emails in 7 days. It will take Satvika 11 days to send 55 emails.

1. Write an equation to represent each of the following situations. Then answer the question.

a. Mr. C’s car can drive 90 miles with 3 b. Juha saves $50 every 10 days. When will
gallons of gas. How far can Mr. C drive with she have $210 saved?
10 gallons of gas?
x: days y: money saved
x: gallons of gas y: miles driven
Unit Rate:
5$ / Answer Question: 42
Unit Rate: 30 miles day days
/ gallon Answer Question: 300 miles

Equation: ) Equation:
É=
50×-2100

903×10=300 ✗

=2¥=42
c. For every 48 cookies that Spoorthy bakes, d. Pranay spent $84 on 6 movie tickets. How
she uses 2 cups of sugar. How much sugar much would 9 tickets cost?
will she use to bake 360 cookies?
x: tickets purchased y: cost
x: sugar y: cookies baked
Unit Rate: " Answer Question:
$ / movie ticket 726
Unit Rate: Answer Question: 15
41=24 cookies /
cop
2

Equation: 360=24 Equation:

I =Iq
≤
360=2411 ✗ 126

75=8
Camilla Cortney & Christen McCool
2. Write an equation to represent each of the following. Then use the equation to answer the
question.

a. When will Rylie have $112 dollars saved? b. How many pages will Luc read in 25 minutes?

x y Unit Rate: Equation: Unit Rate: Equation:

Money
{
× :4Y
Weeks ✗ =8Y
11-2=14
=

#
saved

Pages Read
8
100-7
0 0
Answer Question: 74 Answer Question:
2 16 100

4 32

7 56 Minutes

c. Aditya rides his scooter 9 miles in 3 hours. Let x d. How much will Kara spend on 11 comic books?
be hours and y be miles ridden.
x y Unit Rate: Equation:
How long will it take Aditya to ride 27 miles? Comics Money
4×-104
Unit Rate: Answer Question:
bought spent
8=2.54 2 ¥ =

?=¥-
E- 34
0 0 27.5:X
3×-27 Answer Question:
✗ =9 4 10 27.5
Equation: 9 hours
5 12.5

10 25

e. If Zac spent $18, how many donuts did he buy? f. When will Adrian own 52 hoodies?

Unit Rate: Equation: x y Unit Rate: Equation:

2x
:3y 3=18 Hoodies
Months 8:44
IF owned
4,5¥
Money spent

37=36 2 8 4×-52
✗
'

-72 7=73
Answer Question:
Answer Question:
3 12
72 73

6 24

Donuts
7 28

g. Martin writes one paragraph every 2 class h. How long will it take Daniel to visit 30 states?
periods. Let x be number of class periods and y
be paragraphs written. Unit Rate: Equation:
× so -_
How many paragraphs will Martin have written :y ¥
States visited

after 20 class periods?? 30=7

Unit Rate: 2x
:y Answer Question: 10
Answer Question:
30
21 = 2
Equation: ✗ T
20=211
8--10 Years