8.5 Electrochemical cells Exercise 8.
1. An electrochemical cell converts chemical energy to electrical energy 1. Calculate the e.m.f for each of the following cells
Daniel cell a) Sn2+/Sn and Mg2+/Mg
Sn2+ + 2e → Sn E = - 0.14 V
Mg2+ + 2e → Mg E = - 2.37 V
Zn2+ + 2e → Zn E0 = -0.76V
Cu2+ + 2e → Cu E0 = + 0.34V b) Zn2+/Zn and Pb2+/Pb
1. The SEP for zinc (-0.76V) is more negative than Copper (+0.34V) and thus Zinc is Zn2+ + 2e → Zn E = - 0.76V
anode (undergoes oxidation reaction and form negative terminal) Pb2+ + 2e → Pb E = - 0.13 V
Zn (s) → Zn2+ (aq) + 2e
2. The SEP for Copper (+0.34V) is more positive than zinc and thus copper is cathode
(undergoes reduction reaction and form positive terminal)
Cu2+ (aq) + 2e → Cu (s)
Anode: Zn (s) → Zn2+ (aq) + 2e
Cathode: Cu2+ (aq) + 2e → Cu (s)
Overall: Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) → Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)
c) Fe3+ / Fe2+ and Pb4+ / Pb2+
Fe3+ + e → Fe2+ E = + 0.77 V
3. The electromotive force (e.m.f) of this cell is
Pb4+ + 2e → Pb2+ E = + 1.69 V
E0 = E0cathode - E0anode
= (+ 0.34) – (-0.76)
= + 1.10 V
4. The Daniel cell can be represented as:
Electrode (s) | electrolyte (aq) || electrolyte (aq) | electrode (s)
Zn (s) | Zn2+ (aq) || Cu2+ (aq) | Cu (s)
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d) Cl2 / Cl- and MnO4- / Mn2+ 3. The lead battery commonly used in a car consists of three or six cells connected in
series. The overall cell equation is
Cl2 + 2e → 2Cl - E = + 1.36 V
MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e → Mn2+ + 4H2O E = + 1.52 V
What is the e.m.f. of the cell? [2007 Q17]
A. 1.78V B. 1.83V C. 2.01 V D. 3.61 V
e) H2 /H+ and Cl2 / Cl-
4. The emf of three cells under standard condition are given below
2. The half-cell equation and the standard reduction potential for X and Y are shown below
Zn(s)│Zn2+(aq)║Cu2+(aq) │Cu (s) + 1.1V
Pt(s)│H2(g), H+(aq)║Cu2+(aq) │Cu (s) + 0.34V
Zn(s)│Zn2+(aq)║Fe2+(aq) │Fe(s) + 0.32V
What is the value of the standard reduction potential of Fe2+/Fe? [2005 P1 Q6]
A. – 0.02 V B. -0.44 V C. -0.78V D. – 1.12V
What is the e.m.f. of the cell constructed from the two half cells? [2014 Q4]
A - 1.14V B. - 0.46 V C. + 0.46 V D. +1.26V
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5. The cell diagram of an electrochemical cell is shown below [2017 RQ4] 8. The following diagram shows the arrangement of an electrochemical cell.
The standard reduction potential of lead is - 0.13 V. What is the e.m.f. of the cell at 298
K?
A 0.024 V B. 0.083V C. 0.12V D. 0.18V
The standard electrode potentials of some metals are given below:
6. One of the alloys used in a dental filling is Ag3Sn. The standard reduction potentials of
Al3+(aq)/Al(s) and Sn2+ (aq)/Ag3Sn(s) half-cells are -1.66 V and -0.05 V respectively.
Which statement is true when a piece of aluminium comes into contact with the dental Which of the following solution are suitable to be used as M x+ solution? [1999 P1 Q50]
filling? [2009 P1 Q18] 1. AgNO3 2. CuSO4 3. ZnSO4
A. The E0 cell value of the electrochemical cell created is +1.61 V.
B. The electrons flow from the dental filling to aluminium.
C. The aluminium metal acts as the cathode. 9. The standard electrode potentials for two half-cell reactions are shown below
D. The Sn2+ ion is produced
Cu2+ + 2e → Cu E0 = + 0.34V
Fe3+ + e → Fe2+ E0 = + 0.77V
Which statement(s) is/are true of an electrochemical cell which is constructed by
combining the above two half-cells? [2010 P1 Q45]
1. The brown solution in the iron half-cell turns green.
2. Cu2+ ion is reduced to Cu.
3. The e.m.f. of the cell is +1.11 V.
7. The standard reduction potential of Zn2+ (aq) | Zn (s) half-cell is - 0.76 V. Which half-
cell acts as the anode when connected to the Zn2+ (aq) | Zn (s) half-cell? [2016 Q3]
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10. The diagram below shows a set-up of an electrochemical cell using platinum electrodes. 13. The cell diagram for a galvanic cell is shown below.
Which statement is true about the cell? [2019 Q4]
A. The e.m.f. of the cell is positive.
B. A colourless solution is observed at the anode.
C. The concentration of H+ increases at the cathode
D. Electrons flow from the platinum electrode to the iron electrode.
The standard reduction potentials of the half-cells are shown below.
14. The e.m.f. of the following cell under standard conditions is +2.46 V
Fe3+ (aq)│Fe2+(aq)│Pt (s) + 0.77V
Sn4+ (aq)│Sn2+(aq)│Pt (s) + 0.15V
Which of the following statements is true of the cell? [2005 P1 Q9] Which statement is true about the cell? [2019 Q4]
A. Oxidation happens at X. [EAg+/Ag = +0.80 V]
B. Y is the anode of the cell. A. Al acts as the cathode
C. Electrons flow from X to Y B. Ag+ acts as an oxidising agent
D. The reaction at Y is Sn4+(aq) + 2e ↔ Sn2+(aq) C. The standard reduction potential of Al half-cell is +1.66 V
D. The dissolved mass of Al is the same as the produced mass of Ag.
11. The standard reduction potentials, E, at 298 K for oxygen and manganese are as follows
15. The apparatus set-up of an electrochemical cell consisting of copper electrodes, P and Q,
O2(g)│H+(aq), H2O2(aq)│Pt (s) + 0.68V is shown below [2018 Q4]
MnO4- (aq), H+(aq), Mn2+ (aq)│Pt (s) +1.52V
Based on the above information, which of the following is true of a chemical cell which
is constructed by combining the above two half-cells? [2004 P1 Q2]
A. H2O2 undergoes oxidation to O2.
B. H2O2 is a stronger oxidising agent than MnO4- ion.
C. The platinum electrode for oxygen half-cell is the positive electrode.
D. The emf of the cell formed from the combination of the two half-cells is +2.20V The reduction potentials of copper electrodes at 298 K are shown below.
12. The cell diagram for an electrochemical cell is shown below.
Pt (s) | Fe2+, Fe3+ (aq) || Ag + (aq) | Ag (s)
The e.m.f. of the cell is 0.03 V under standard conditions and is 0 V at equilibrium.
Which statement about the cell is not true? [2009 P1 Q16] Which statement is true about the electrochemical cell above?
A. The mass of the cathode increases at equilibrium. A. Q acts as a cathode
B. There is no net transfer of electrons at equilibrium B. The e.m.f. of the cell is +0.06 V
C. The equilibrium constant at25 0C is 3.22 dm3 mol-1 C. The electrons flow from P to Q
D. The e.m.f. of the cell increases when NaCl is added to Ag+(aq)/Ag(s) half-cell. D. The concentration of Cu2+ ions in Cu2+ (0.01 mol dm-3)/Cu(s) half-cell decreases
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16. The standard electrode potential of half-cells X and Y are shown below [2016 Q4] 19. The cell diagram for an electrochemical cell is shown below
The e.m.f. of the cell is +0.03 V under standard conditions. Which statement is true when
Which statement is true about the electrochemical cell constructed from the two half- the e.m.f. of the cell is 0 V? [2014 RQ5]
cells? A. The silver electrode becomes thinner
A. The e.m.f. value of the cell is +2.06 V B. There is no redox reaction in the cell
B. Platinum electrode in half-cell Y is the cathode C. The equilibrium constant at 25 °C is 3.2 dm3 mol-1
C. The colour of the solution changes from brown to colourless in half-cell X D. The e.m.f. of the cell increases when NaC1 is added to Ag +(aq) | Ag(s) half-cell
D. Electrons flow through the external circuit from the platinum electrode in half-cell
Y to half-cell X. 20. The rusting of iron is an electrochemical process. The half-equations of the rusting of an
iron nail are given below.
17. The standard reduction potentials for three electrode reactions are given below.
Which is not true about the process? [2015 Q6]
A. It occurs at the anode
B. It involves the formation of Fe (OH)2
C. It occurs faster in a solution with higher pH
What can be deduced from the above data? [2013 Q5] D. The oxidising agent is O2 gas.
A. Mn2+ ion is a stronger reducing agent than Br – ion
B. Cu is deposited when aqueous solutions of Mn2+ and Cu2+ ions are added together 21. The standard reduction potentials of several half-cell reactions are given below.
C. The cell diagram for the oxidation of Cu by 2 is Cu (s) | Cu2+ (aq) || Br2 (aq), Br -
(aq) | Pt (s)
D. The reaction between Mn02 and Br- ion does not occur spontaneously under
standard conditions.
18. An electrochemical cell is made up of the following half-cells
Which statement deduced from the above data is not true? [2013 Q4]
A. Al is the strongest reducing agent
B. A13+ ion can be reduced by Br- ion
C. Cu can be oxidised by Br2 or Ag+ ion
D. Br2 is a stronger oxidising agent than Cu2+ ion.
Which statement about the cell is not true? [2014 RQ3]
A. Electrons flow from Co to Sn in the external circuit
B. The concentration of Co2+ ion decreases
C. Reduction occurs at the Sn electrode
D. E.m.f. of the cell is +0.14 V.
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22. An electrochemical cell is formed when Cu metal is dipped in an aqueous solution of 1.0 23. An Electrochemical cell was constructed from M2+(aq)│ M (s) and Cu2+(aq)│ Cu (s) half-
mol dm-3 CuSO4 and connected to a standard hydrogen electrode at 250C. The voltmeter cell. The standard electrode potential of M2+(aq)│ M (s) half-cell is lower than the standard
reading of the cell is + 0.34V [2017 Q16] electrode potential of Cu2+(aq)│ Cu (s) half-cell. The voltage reading of the electrochemical
cell is + 0.48V [2017 R Q19]
a) Draw a labelled diagram of the cell [4]
I) Calculate the standard reduction potential of M2+(aq)│ M (s) half-cell. Given that E 0
Cu2+/Cu = + 0.34V [3]
b) Write the half – equation of the reaction at the cathode and anode [2]
II) Explain the observation in Cu2+(aq) │ Cu (s) half-cell [4]
c) Write the overall equation of the cell [1]
d) What would be observed at the electrode [1] III) Suggest one way to increase the voltage of the cell [1]
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24. A lithium-silver chromate (VI) battery is used in a heart pacemaker. The reactions 25. The cell diagram for an electrochemical cell with a standard cell potential of + 0.77 V is
occurring in the battery involve the following half-cell reactions [2010 P2 Q6b] shown below [2013 Q16]
a) Write the equation for the reaction at the anode [1]
I) Explain the reactions that occur [3]
b) Calculate the standard electrode potential of the following half-cell reaction [2]
c) Write the electronic configuration of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions [2]
II) Calculate the standard electromotive force of the battery [2]
d) Based on your answer in (b) and (c), explain which is more stable between Fe2+ and Fe3+
ions. [2]
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26. The standard reduction potentials for several half-cells at 298 K are given in the table 27. The standard reduction potential, E at 25 °C of two half-cells are shown below [2014 R
below [2014 Q16] Q16]
When acidified potassium dichromate (VI) and aqueous solution of sulphur dioxide are
mixed.
I) Calculate the value of E cell formed [2]
a) Which species is the most powerful oxidising agent? Explain your answer. [2] II) Predict the reaction which occurs under standard conditions [1]
b) An electrochemical cell was set up using iron and copper plates in molar solutions
of Fe2+ (aq) and Cu2+ (aq) respectively. Write the cell diagram, and calculate the
e.m.f. of the cell. [3]
III) State the colour change that occurs, [1]
c) Iron is protected from corrosion when in contact with aluminium but it corrodes
more rapidly when in contact with tin. Explain this observation. [3] IV) Write the equation of the reaction [1]
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