Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC)

Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2021

ISSN: 2715-5072 DOI: 10.18196/jrc.25107 357

Water Quality Measurement and Filtering

Tools Using Arduino Uno, PH Sensor
and TDS Meter Sensor
Yuda Irawan 1, Anita Febriani 2, Refni Wahyuni 3, Yesica Devis 4
1
Department of Information System, STMIK Hang Tuah Pekanbaru, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
2,3
Department of Computer Science, STMIK Hang Tuah Pekanbaru, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
4
Department of Public Health, STIKes Hang Tuah Pekanbaru, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Email: 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4
[email protected]

Abstract— Rusunawa Rejosari is a flats owned by the 100 ppm was studied by Raghavan [4]. Good water has a TDS
Pekanbaru city government which is inhabited by level of less than 300-600 ppm (Part Per Million), which has
underprivileged residents, water in the Rusunawa Rejosari relatively small mineral components such as calcium and
borehole emits an unpleasant and murky odor, making it unfit magnesium was studied by Arvind [5]. If water has a TDS
for consumption and use for daily needs by residents who live
level of 900-1200 ppm (Part Per Million) or more, it means
there. Indonesia issued the TDS Standard by the Ministry of
Health and the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), which is a that the water has a relatively large mineral content and is
maximum value of 500 ppm TDS and for the standard dangerous for health was studied by pant [6].
Hydrogen Potential (PH) of clean water 6.6 - 9.0 PH. Based on Indonesia also issued TDS Standards by the Ministry of
the above problems, a Water Quality Measurement and
Filtration Tool was made using Arduino, a Hydrogen Potential
Health of the Republic of Indonesia and Indonesian National
Sensor (PH) and a Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Sensor. Based Standards (SNI), namely the maximum TDS value of 500
on the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded ppm was studied by layanaya [7] and irawan [8]. Because
that the tool runs smoothly, as evidenced by the measurement Rusunawa Rejosari is located in Indonesia, it is better if it
results of the accuracy of the sensor and successfully filters the refers to the standards of the Ministry of Health of the
water when the measurement is not normal, so that the water is Republic of Indonesia and Indonesian National Standards
suitable for consumption and use. was studied by defe [9]. And for the Potential Hydrogen (PH)
standard of clean water from the Government Health
Keywords— Arduino Uno, PH Sensor, TDS Sensor Meter,
Regulation 416 / Minister of Health / Per / IX / 1990 is 6.6 -
Quality of Water.
9.0 PH was studied by faricha [10].
I. INTRODUCTION Based on previous research by suhaimi [11] Measuring
Rusunawa Rejosari is a flat owned by the local Drinking Water Quality with Potential Parameters of
government which is located on Jalan. Kampung Baru, Hydrogen (PH), Temperature, Turbidity Level, and Total
Kelurahan. Bambu Kuning District. Tenayan Raya Dissolved Solids, where the application of a tool designed to
Pekanbaru City. Where Rusunawa Rejosari is inhabited by measure the cleanliness of mineral drinking water only was
underprivileged residents. The author observes the water studied by singh [12].
sources in the drilled wells in Rusunawa Rejosari for one
With the author's sense of concern and based on previous
month, the water in the wells emits an unpleasant and cloudy
research, the author will design and implement a tool for
odor, so it is not suitable for consumption and is used as daily
measuring the quality and filtering of water at the Rejosari
necessities by residents living in Rusunawa Rejosari. There
Rusunawa Drilling Well, so that the drilled well water can be
are two control valves: control valve 1 opens the water flow
consumed and used for daily needs by residents who live
without passing through the filter and control valve 2 will
there and their health is guaranteed as well. avoid diseases
open the water flow to the filter if the sensor shows an
such as diarrhea, nausea and itching of the skin was studied
abnormal measurement number was studied by vanmathi [1].
by ordila [13].
However, drilled well water is not always cloudy,
Based on the explanation above, the author is interested
sometimes the water can become clean depending on the
in raising the research topic in the form of prototype
water discharge in the well was studied by moparthi [2].
simulation, and the title of the research, namely "Water
When the water is cloudy and smells bad, the residents of
Quality Measurement and Filtering Tools Using Arduino,
Rusunawa Rejosari prefer to use water from the Drinking
Hydrogen Potential Sensor (PH) and Total Dissolved Solids
Water Company instead of using drilled well water, thus
(TDS) Meter Sensor (Case Study: Drilling Well Rusunawa
increasing the costs that are quite large if it is borne by the
Rejosari Pekanbaru) " was studied by nandakumar [14].
less fortunate was studied by wang [3].
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the II. METHODS
standard for purity of drinking water is a TDS level below A. Requirements Definition

Journal Web site: http://journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/jrc Journal Email: [email protected]

Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) ISSN: 2715-5072 358

Here the researcher performs complete data collection then 2. pH sensor (Analog pH Sensor), serves to detect the level
performs an analysis and defines the needs that will be used of acidity or alkalinity in water
for system development was studied by sohor [15]. This is a 3. The TDS sensor is used to detect the number of dissolved
very important part because the system to be created will solid particles in water, both organic and inorganic or
interact directly with important elements in computers such commonly called Total Dissolved Solids
as hardware and software was studied by irawan [16]. 4. Arduino Uno functions as the control center of the entire
system work
B. Design 5. Filter as a means of filtering cloudy and smelly water
In this stage, the researcher describes the design of the
technology that will be built in accordance with the data B. System Design
analysis carried out in the previous stage was studied by The design of the TDS and pH measuring instrument system
surendran [17]. includes the design of hardware (Hardware) and software
(Software).
C. Encoding
The program design in the previous stage was translated C. Hardware Design (Hardware)
into codes using a programming language. In this system, the This hardware design includes designing input and output
programming language used is C and Pascal was studied by circuits that are connected to a microcontroller circuit. The
wang [18]. input circuit includes a TDS sensor and a pH sensor.
Meanwhile, the output circuit is a control valve which
D. Testing functions to open the water flow to the filter.
In this stage, the modules of the water quality measuring
equipment that have been made are combined and tested to D. Arduino Uno circuit
find out whether the system that has been built is in The microcontroller circuit used is the Arduino Uno R3
accordance with the design and whether there are still errors circuit board based on the AVR ATMega 328P chip. Arduino
or not. Testing using the Black Box is testing carried out Uno has 14 digital input / output pins (of which 6 pins can be
directly by the User was studied by Lakshmanan [19]. used as PWM outputs), 6 analog input pins, using a 16 MHz
crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and
E. Maintenance a reset button.
This is the last stage where a tool that has been designed
will be treated and maintained. TABLE I. PIN DESCRIPTION OF ARDUINO UNO R3

III. IMPLEMENTATION Arduino Pin Utilization

In general, the system block diagram in the design can be 5V Power supply circuit
seen in the Figure 1
GND Ground

A0 pH Sensor

A1 TDS Sensor
Solenoid Valve (Control
12V
Valve) 1
Solenoid Valve (Control
12V
Valve) 2

E. Input Circuits
1) TDS sensor
The TDS sensor uses the Electrical Conductivity method,
where two probes are immersed in a liquid or solution then a
Fig. 1. Block Diagram System signal processing circuit will produce an output that shows
the conductivity of the solution. This sensor has 3 pins,
The working principle of this tool is to use 2 types of namely the DATA, VCC and GND pins. The DATA pin is
sensors. These sensors consist of a pH sensor for measuring connected to the Arduino analog pin (A0) while VCC is
acid or base levels and a TDS sensor for measuring TDS in connected to the regulator output pin and GND is connected
water. to the regulator ground pin.
The sensors are then connected to the Arduino Uno
controller circuit. The sensor data will then be sent to the 2) b. PH sensor
control valve in the form of a 12-volt electric voltage to move The pH sensor is based on the electro-chemical potential
the control valve to open the water channel. difference that occurs between the known solution inside the
electrode and the unknown solution outside the electrode.
A. Hardware (Hardware) This sensor has a glass electrode with a round tip. There are
1. Fiberglass, as the main material in making tool boxes 3 pins on the sensor, namely the DATA, VCC and GND pins.
The DATA pin is connected to the Arduino analog pin (A2),

Yuda Irawan, Water Quality Measurement and Filtering Tools Using Arduino Uno, PH Sensor and TDS Meter Sensor
Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) ISSN: 2715-5072 359

VCC is connected to the regulator output pin and GND is 0.693

connected to the regulator ground pin.
0.694

F. Output Circuit 0.683

The output circuit in the system is a 12-volt control valve. 0.682
There are two control valves in this system, control valve 1
0.682
will open the water flow without passing through the filter if
the sensor shows the water quality is suitable for use and 0.682
control valve 2 will open the water flow to the filter if the 0.682
TDS sensor and pH sensor show a measurement number that KOPIKH3 0.6822 0.671 1.67
0.682
exceeds normal limits. than has been set.
0.683
1) TDS Sensor Testing 0.682
This test is conducted to determine the response of the
0.682
TDS sensor to changes in TDS in water. The response of the
sensor in question is the value of the sensor voltage to TDS 0.682
(ppm). The sensor is first connected to the Arduino Uno so 0.662
that it can display the analog value and sensor voltage via the
0.662
Arduino IDE monitor serial. Meanwhile, the measuring
instrument used to determine TDS in water is TDS Meter 3. 0.661
In the test, 5 types of liquids were used with different TDS 0.661
values. The liquid is made from water added with salt at
0.662
different doses, then the TDS of the liquid is measured using NYAKH1 0.6616 0.663 0.21
a TDS Meter 3. The test results are as follows: 0.661
0.662
TABLE 2. TDS SENSOR TEST RESULTS
0.662
TDS Water (ppm) Sensor Voltage (Volt)
0.661
130 1.02
166 1.13 0.662

202 1.22 0.618

242 1.41 0.617

284 1.6 0.617
325 1.72 0.617
356 1.83 0.618
401 1.98 NYAKH2 0.6173 0.62 0.44
0.618
0.617
2) PH Sensor Testing
This test is conducted to determine the accuracy of the 0.617
sensor. The value generated by the sensor will then be 0.617
compared with the value from the measuring instrument. The
0.617
pH measuring instrument used is the Orion pH / ISE meter
model 710A. Whereas for the sample tested was the leaf Average Percentage of Error 0.58
extract added with HCl solution.
3) Solenoid Valve Testing
TABLE 3. PH SENSOR TEST RESULTS This test is conducted to determine whether the solenoid
Material PH Average PH Percentage of valve can function properly in opening the water channel.
Code sensor Sensor meter Error (%)
Water with normal measurements will be flowed directly by
Aquades 5.511 5.511 5.509 0.04 opening the solenoid valve 1, while the water that is not
0.694 feasible or the measurement results from the sensors is
abnormal, will flow into the filter by opening the solenoid
0.694
valve 2. The solenoid valve will work if you get a voltage of
0.693 12 volts from Arduino Uno.
0.694
KOPIKH2 0.6937 0,698 0.43 G. Overall Tool Testing
0.694
This test aims to determine whether the system as a whole has
0.693 worked in accordance with the design. The overall test was
0.694 carried out by taking water from the borehole well in
Rusunawa Rejosari Pekanbaru, carried out 5 times by taking
0.694
water samples with an interval of 3 days for 15 days, this was

Yuda Irawan, Water Quality Measurement and Filtering Tools Using Arduino Uno, PH Sensor and TDS Meter Sensor
Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) ISSN: 2715-5072 360

done so that there was a change in water quality in the well, TDS Turbidity
Sampel pH
so that when testing there were 5 samples with water quality (ppm) (NTU)
varies. 1 184 93.34 8.326
2 177 38.49 8.214
3 198 17 8.865
4 174 82.92 8.895
5 213 120.69 8.913
Average 189.2 70.488 8.6426

The comparison of the results of the TDS, turbidity and

pH parameters obtained with the requirements for clean water
quality is based on the Minister of Health Regulation
Number: 416 / MEN.KES / PER / IX / 1990 as follows:

TABLE 5. COMPARISON OF TDS FOR DRILLING WELL WATER WITH CLEAN

WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS

Maximum
TDS
Fig. 2. Water Storage Containers Sampel permissible Information
(ppm)
level (ppm)

1 184 1000 Qualify

2 177 1000 Qualify
3 198 1000 Qualify

4 174 1000 Qualify

5 213 1000 Qualify

Fig. 3. Arduino circuit

Fig. 5. Graph of TDS Test Results

From the test results, it can be seen that the TDS of the
Rusunawa Rejosari borehole water meets the requirements
for clean water based on the Minister of Health Regulation
Number: 416 / MEN. KES / PER / IX / 1990 is still below the
maximum allowable level (1000 ppm).

TABLE 6. COMPARISON OF THE TURBIDITY OF RUSUNAWA REJOSARI WELL

WATER WITH CLEAN WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS

Maximum
Turbidity
Sample permissible Information
(NTU)
Fig. 4. Solenoids and Filters level (NTU)

From 5 water samples will then be tested with the tools 1 93.34 25 Not eligible
that have been made. The results of water sample 2 38.49 25 Not eligible
measurements are as follows:
3 17 25 Not eligible
TABLE 4. WATER SAMPLE MEASUREMENT RESULTS 4 82.92 25 Not eligible

Yuda Irawan, Water Quality Measurement and Filtering Tools Using Arduino Uno, PH Sensor and TDS Meter Sensor
Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) ISSN: 2715-5072 361

5 120.69 25 Not eligible designed to measure water quality, it will be possible to know
how much the value of the PH and TDS content in the water
From the test results, it can be seen that the turbidity of of the Rusunawa Rejosari borehole, which aims for people
the Rusunawa Rejosari borehole water does not meet the living there knowing whether the well water is suitable for
clean water requirements based on the Minister of Health consumption and use for daily needs with a large content of
Regulation Number: 416 / MEN.KES / PER / IX / 1990 PH value and large TDS value in Rusunawa Rejosari well
because it has passed the maximum allowable level (25 water.
NTU). Based on the regulations of the Government of Health of
the Republic of Indonesia and the Indonesian National
TABLE 7. COMPARISON OF DRILLING WELL WATER PH WITH CLEAN
WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS Standard (SNI), for water quality, the standard value of PH is
6.5 - 9.0, and the maximum value of TDS is 500 ppm (Part
Maximum
Sample
Turbidity
permissible Information Per Million).
(NTU)
level
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Yuda Irawan, Water Quality Measurement and Filtering Tools Using Arduino Uno, PH Sensor and TDS Meter Sensor