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Psychobiologic Bases of Behavior

1. The document discusses the psychobiological bases of behavior, including factors that influence behavior and key concepts from behavioral theories. 2. It explains how the central nervous system, including neurons, neurotransmitters, family dynamics, and one's genetics can impact behavioral development. Dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and other neurotransmitters play important roles in behavior and psychiatric conditions. 3. Classical and operant conditioning, reinforcement, punishment, and the processes of generalization and discrimination are reviewed as important behavioral theories for understanding how behaviors are learned and changed.

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2A - Nicole Marrie Honrado
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396 views

Psychobiologic Bases of Behavior

1. The document discusses the psychobiological bases of behavior, including factors that influence behavior and key concepts from behavioral theories. 2. It explains how the central nervous system, including neurons, neurotransmitters, family dynamics, and one's genetics can impact behavioral development. Dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and other neurotransmitters play important roles in behavior and psychiatric conditions. 3. Classical and operant conditioning, reinforcement, punishment, and the processes of generalization and discrimination are reviewed as important behavioral theories for understanding how behaviors are learned and changed.

Uploaded by

2A - Nicole Marrie Honrado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 34

Week 3:Feb 3& 4,2023

PSYCHOBIOLOGIC
BASES
Of BEHAVIOR

Dr. Alma Sorrera-Banua


Faculty, BUCN
LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of the learning session the student will be


able to
1. Explain the factors that influences behavior;
2. Explain the role of the following in the development
of behavior
A.CNS- Neurons and Neurotransmitters
B.Family dynamics
3. Apply the behavioral theories in a given situation
4. Par ticipate in the discussion forum on the topic-
Human Behavior: Nature or Nur ture
TOPIC OUTLINE

Concept of behavior

Factors that influences


behavior

Behavioral theories

Importance of knowing
bases of behavior
WHAT IS BEHAVIOUR?

Manner in which a person


conducts themselves towards a
situation.
WHAT IS BEHAVIOUR?

▪ how someone acts.


▪ response to things that are
happening
internally - thoughts and feelings.
externally - the environment, including
other people.

https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/mentalhealth/psychosocial/principles/Pages/behaviour-
whatis.aspx#:~:text=Behaviour%20is%20how%20someone%20acts,the%20environment%2C%20in
cluding%20other%20people.
1. Concept of Behavior

All behavior is learned.

A. Behaviorism, (behavioral psychology),


all behaviors are learned by interaction with the
environment through a process called conditioning.
Thus, behavior is simply a response to environmental
stimuli.
B. We learn new behavior through classical or operant
conditioning (collectively known as 'learning theory’).
McLeod, 2020

https://www.simplypsychology.org/behaviorism.html
HOW DO YOU BEHAVE WHEN..

MULTIPLE DEADLINES
Announcement of quizzes,
submission of assignments &
projects at the same date.
2. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES BEHAVIOR

• Biological –genetics, chemical imbalances in


the brain, the functioning of the nervous
system, etc.

• Psychological – includes learning,


personality, cognition, self-efficacy, and early
life experiences.

• Sociocultural - one’s gender, religious


orientation, race, ethnicity, and culture.
https://opentext.wsu.edu/abnormal-psych/chapter/module-2-models-of-abnormal-
psychology/
A. Neuro-anatomy & Neurophysiology: CNS

What will happen to the activities of the body if the CNS is diseased/ has
abnormality?
A stimuli (environment) is processed by the
brain resulting to body response or behavior.
NEURONS, NEUROTRANSMISSION

▪ 100 billion brain


cells form groups of
neurons (nerve cells)
arranged in networks

Neurotransmission- process
where neurons communicate
information by sending
electrochemical messages
from neuron to neuron
Videbeck, (2020)
NEUROTRANSMITTERS

• Chemical substances to
facilitate neurotransmission
(Fig 2.1)

• Important in right
proportions to relay
messages

• Play role in psychiatric illness


(due to differences in amount
of neurotransmitters) and
psychotropic medications

Videbeck, 2020, pp 16-17


2 Types of Neurotransmitters
Inhibitory Excitatory
slows down functions ▪ stimulate brain
hence increases
calms the brain and functions
help create balance.
▪ Associated with
hyperactivity
balance mood ▪ responsible for drive,
desire to get things
done & motivation.
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine/Adrenaline
Glutamate
Acetylcholine (Both)
Dopamine (Both)
Serotonin
Gamma-aminobutyric
acid

Videbeck, 2020, Table 2.1


Major neurotransmitters - found Major
to play a role in psychiatric Neurotrans
mitters:
illnesses as well as in the actions
Dopamine
and side effects of psychotropic &
drugs. Serotonin

Dopamine and serotonin have


received the most attention in
the study and treatment of
psychiatric disorders (Tecott &
Smart, 2005).
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Chemical-Structures-of-
Neurotransmitters-Reproduced-from_fig1_323400992
DOPAMINE

 implicated in
▪ Generally excitatory
schizophrenia and
other psychoses
▪ involved in the control movement disorders
of complex such as Parkinson’s
movements,
motivation, cognition, disease.
and regulation of
emotional responses.  Antipsychotic
medications work by
blocking dopamine
receptors and reducing
dopamine activity.
SEROTONIN

 Function is mostly  Serotonin plays an


inhibitory important role in
anxiety and mood
disorders and
 control of food schizophrenia.
intake, sleep and
wakefulness,  contribute to the
temperature delusions,
regulation, pain hallucinations, and
control, sexual withdrawn behavior
behavior, and seen in schizophrenia.
regulation of
emotions .
DOPAMINE AND SEROTONIN: OPPOSITE

Dopamine plays in ▪ Dopamine and


reward seeking Serotonin have opposite
behavior. (Pleasure) effects on appetite;

▪ whereas serotonin
Serotonin inhibits
suppresses it, low levels
impulsive behavior, of dopamine can
while dopamine en stimulate hunger.
hances impulsivity.

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326090
NOREPINEPHRINE AND EPINEPHRINE
Good to be excited, too much excitement is not
▪ Excitatory ▪ Excess norepinephrine
is implicated in anxiety
▪ Norepinephrine- plays a disorders
role in changes in
attention, learning and
memory, sleep and ▪ deficits may
wakefulness, and mood contribute to memory
regulation. loss, social withdrawal,
and depression.
▪ Norepinephrine and its
derivative, epinephrine
(noradrenaline and ▪ controls the fight-or
adrenaline) flight response
B. GENETICS- BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT
23 pairs of chromosomes (traits)

 Epigenetics: interplay among genetic inheritance,


congenital characteristics, cultural contexts, and
parental practices as they directly impact the individual
 Epigenetic inheritance- transmission to offspring of
parental phenotypic responses to environmental
challenges—even when the young do not experience
the challenges themselves.
WHO
Example: in thestress
Maternal family is similar
during the latterwith
half your
of
gestation may behavior (temperament)
affect not only the child’s but also grand-
offspring's physical growth but the temperamental
variation too.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/behavioral-development
Sanguine - enthusiastic, active, and social
Choleric - short-tempered, fast, or irritable
Melancholic - analytical, wise, and quiet
Phlegmatic - relaxed and peaceful
(Amin, 2017)

McGuire
C. What is a Family?
What is your concept
of family?

▪ definition has evolved…


▪ definition focuses on: roles & functions
rather than relationship between its
members
▪ What are these roles /functions?
traditional? contemporary roles?
Family dynamics
▪Patterns of interactions
among relatives, their roles
and relationships, and the
various factors that shape
their interactions.

▪Family members rely on


each other for emotional,
physical, and economic
support, they are one of the
primary sources of
relationship security or
stress.

Jabbari & Rouster (2020)


3. BEHAVIORAL THEORIES

• Conditioning Changing and


keeping desired
• Reinforcement behaviors
• Punishment
• Generalization &
discrimination
CONDITIONING

1) Respondent
or Classical
-Pavlov
happens when
response & stimulus
become connected
Ex. Pairing of
stimulus & response
(Ivan Pavlov)
CONDITIONING

Operant-
WhatSkinner
will happen to the behavior when
• Behavior achievedrewarded?
by rewarding
• Response precedes
stimulus
Example: Good
behavior = praise,
better privilege
REINFORCEMENT

Reinforcer- Reward for a job


stimulus that well done
strengthens a new Nagging spouse,
Positive or negativetantrums
behavior can be
gets
response by
reinforced.attention
HOW? results to
repeated
further nagging or
association with
tantrums thus
that response behavior is
reinforced
PUNISHMENT

opposite of
What will happen to the behavior when
reinforcement
punished?

when introduced
decreases behavioral bench
response

Self defeating- react


to punishment by
fighting back
GENERALIZATION & DISCRIMINATION

Generalization-conditioned Discrimination-person learns


Do you find yourself in a
to similar
distinguish between &
response becomes
situation? responds dif ferently to
associated with similar
similar stimuli
response
Example: Accepted behavior
Example: Polite child who in family maybe dif ferent in
uses “po” “opo”at home; a peer group thus child will
may behave the same behave dif ferently
outside the house given
similar situation.
DISCRIMINATION

At home with family With peers


Pyschobiologic Bases of Behavior
Align the factors (pink boxes) under
the general category of bases of
behavior

Biological
Psychological Biologic
Sociocultural

Behavior
Neurotransmitters
Genetics Environment
Family
TAKEAWAYS

1. Importance of knowing the bases of


behavior?

2. Participate in the discussion forum on


the topic-Human Behavior: Nature or
Nurture

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