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Physics Transformer Reaction

A transformer consists of a primary coil and secondary coil wound around an iron core. It works on the principle of mutual induction whereby a changing magnetic field in the primary coil induces a voltage in the secondary coil. Power is transferred from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit through this mutual induction without any direct electrical connection between the coils. The ratio of the number of turns in the secondary coil to the primary coil determines whether the transformer steps up or steps down the voltage. Energy is lost in a transformer due to leakage of magnetic flux, eddy currents induced in the core, and resistance of the coil windings.

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24 views

Physics Transformer Reaction

A transformer consists of a primary coil and secondary coil wound around an iron core. It works on the principle of mutual induction whereby a changing magnetic field in the primary coil induces a voltage in the secondary coil. Power is transferred from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit through this mutual induction without any direct electrical connection between the coils. The ratio of the number of turns in the secondary coil to the primary coil determines whether the transformer steps up or steps down the voltage. Energy is lost in a transformer due to leakage of magnetic flux, eddy currents induced in the core, and resistance of the coil windings.

Uploaded by

JsmBhanot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

A transformer is one of the most


common devices found in electrical
system that link the circuits which are
operating at different voltages. These
are commonly used in applications
which require conversion of AC voltage
from one level to another level.
The term power transformer is referred
to the transformer with high power and
voltage ratings. These are extensively
used in power generation,transmission,
distribution and utility systems to
increase or decrease the voltage levels.
PRINCIPLE OF TRANSFORMER
A transformer is based on the
principle of mutual induction,i.e
whenever the amount of magnetic
flux linked with the a coil changes,
an emf is induced in the
neighbouring coil.

Transformer Core

Primary
Current Secondary
Current

Primary Secondary

Magnetic
WWWELECTRICALTECHNOLOGY.ORG
CONSTRUCTION
A transformer consists of primary and
secondary coils insulated from each
other, wound on a soft iron core. To
minimize eddy current a laminated
iron core is used. The ac input is
applied across the primary coil, The
continuously varying current in the
primary coil produces a varying
magnetic flux in the primary coil,
which in turn produces a varying
magnetic flux in the secondary.
Hence, an emf is produced across the
secondary coil.
Let EP and ES be the induced emf in
the primary and secondary coils and
NP and NS be the number of turns in
the primary and secondary coils
respectively. Since same flux Links
with the primary and secondary coil,
the emf induced per turn of the coil
must be same.

When the AC supply is given to the


primary winding with a voltage of V1, an
alternating flux sets up in the core of
the transformer, which links with the
secondary winding and as a result of it,
an emf is induced in it called mutually
induced emf. The direction of this
induced emf is opposite to the applied
voltage V1, this is because of Lenz's law.
Physically, there is no electrical
connection between the two windings,
but they are magnetically connected.
Therefore, the electrical power is
transferred from the primary circuit to
the secondary circuit through mutual
induction. The induced emf in the
primary and secondary coil depends
upon the rate of change of flux linkage,
the number of turns of primary coils,
Similarly, induced emf in change of flux
and is same for both the primary and
secondary coils. The induced emf in the
primary winding is directly proportional
to the number of turns in the secondary
coil,
According to OHM'S Law:-
The resistance of the primary coil is very
low, and the primary current is high. So,
this current is much higher than the rated
full loaded primary coil current. Hence, as
a result, the amount of heat produced
will be greater and therefore eddy
current loss will be more. Because of this,
the insulations of the primary coil will get
burnt, and the transformer will be
damaged.
Turn ratio- It is defined as the ratio of
no. of turns in the primary coil to that of
secondary coil.
Turn ratio-N1/N2
If N2>N1 the transformer is called step up
transformer,
If N2<N1 the transformer is called step
down transformer,
Energy losses in a transformer
Even though transformers are very
efficient machines, they do result in
small energy losses due to four main
causes:

Leakage of flux- If the core design is not


good then the flux produced by the
primary coil may not all be connected to
the secondary oil,
Eddy current loss- The varying magnetic
field not only induces secondary coil
currents but also iron core currents
themselves, In the iron core, these
currents flow in small circles and are
termed as eddy currents. The eddy
currents loss can be minimized by
laminated core,
Transformer Efficiency
The Efficiency of the transformer is
defined as the ratio of useful output
power to the input power. The input and
output power are measured in the same
unit. Its unit is either in Watts(W) or Kilo
Watts(W)

=output power/input power


BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.www.wikipedia.com

2.www.vedantu.com

3.www.quora.com

4.www.brainIy.com

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