Annex A
Guide on PWD-Friendly Ramp and Toilet
A. RAMP Dimensions and Requirement per BP 344
1. Accessible ramps shall have the following facilities and features:
1.1 Minimum clear width of 1.20 m.
1.2 Gradient not steeper than 1:12
2. Level area not less than 1.80 m at the top and bottom of any ramp
3. Maximum length of 6.00 m. Accessible ramps with a total length longer than 6.00 m
shall be provided with intermediate landings with a minimum length of 1.50 m.
4. Handrails on both sides of the ramp at 700 mm and 900 mm from the floor of the
ramp
5. 300 mm long extension of the handrail shall be provided at the top and bottom of
ramps
6. Curbs on both sides of the ramp with a minimum height of 100 mm
7. For accessible ramps 3m or more in width, provide intermediate handrails at the
center:
8. Handrails and grab bars that require full grip should have an outside diameter of
38 mm (minimum) to 45 mm (maximum)
9. Handrails attached to walls should have a minimum clear distance of 50 mm from
the wall. Handrails on ledges should have a minimum clear distance of 40 mm.
B. PWD-Accessible Toilet Dimensions per BP 344
1. Accessible water closet stalls shall have a minimum area of 1.70 x 1.80 mts. One
movable grab bar and one fixed to the adjacent wall shall be installed at the
accessible water closet stall for lateral mounting; fixed grab bars on both sides of
the wall shall be installed for stalls for frontal mounting
2. A turning space of 2.25 sq.m. with a minimum dimension of 1.50 m. for wheelchair
shall be provided for water closet stalls for lateral mounting
3. The maximum height of water closets should be 0.45 m.; flush control
should have a maximum height of 1.20 mts.
C. Guidance on Non-skid/Slip Resistant Floors
The table below shows the Slip Resistance of Typical Flooring Surfaces as adopted from
Singapore Code on Accessibility in the Built Environment 2019. These specifications are being
promoted by the National Council on Disability Affairs and its Sub-committee on Accessibility
on Built Environment and Transportation. Suggested flooring materials are those that have
good to very good slip-resistance, both for dry and unpolished, and wet scenarios.
Table 1: Slip Resistance of Typical Flooring Surfaces
(Adopted from Singapore Code on Accessibility in the Built Environment 2019 )
Slip-resistance
Materials Remarks
Dry and Unpolished Wet
Clay tiles Very good Very good May be suitable for
(carborundum finish) external stairs
Carpet Very good Good
Clay tiles (textured) Very good Good May be suitable for
external stairs
Cork tiles Very good Good
PVC with non-slip Very good Good
granules
PVC Very good Poor to Fair Slip-resistance when
wet may be improved
if PVC is textured to
cause tripping if not
fixed firmly to base
Rubber Very Good Very Poor Not suitable near
(sheets or tiles) entrance door
Mastic Asphalt Good Very Poor
Concrete pavers Good Good
(interlocking)
Vinyl Tiles Good Good
Linoleum Good Fair Edges of sheets may
cause tripping if not
securely fixed to base
Concrete Good Poor to Fair If a textured finish or
a non-slip aggregate
is used, slip
resistance value
when wet may be
increased to good.
Granolithic Good Poor to Fair Slip resistance when
wet may be improved
to good by
incorporating
carborundum finish
Cast Iron Good Poor to Fair Slip resistance may
be acceptable when
wet if open treads are
used
Clay tiles Good Poor to Fair Slip resistance when
wet and polished –
very poor
Terrazzo Good Poor to Fair Non-slip nosing
necessary on stairs.
Slip-resistance
Materials Remarks
Dry and Unpolished Wet
Slip resistance when
polished or it polish a
transferred by shoes
from adjacent
surfaces – very poor
Marble/granite Good Very Poor to Slip resistance when
Fair wet and polished –
very poor
Legend:
Very Good: means surface suitable for areas where special care is required, with an
approximate coefficient of friction of more than 0.75
Good: means surface satisfactory for normal use with an approximate coefficient of
friction of 0.4 to 0.75
Poor to Fair: means surface below acceptable safety limits with an approximate
coefficient of friction of 0.2 to 0.4; and
Very Poor: means unsafe surface with an approximate coefficient of friction of less than
0.2.
If carpets or carpet tiles are used on a floor surface:
it shall be securely attached;
have a firm cushion, pad, or backing;
have a level loop, textured loop, level cut pile, or level cut/uncut pile texture;
maximum pile thickness shall be 13 mm;
Exposed edges of carpets shall be fastened to floor surfaces and have edge
trims along the entire length of exposed edges;
