Carriage Requirements
Carriage Requirements
SOLAS - International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, chapter V, regulation 19
Application and requirements
G) All ships of 3000 gross tonnage and upwards shall, in addition to meeting the
requirements of paragraph E, have:
1. a 3 GHz radar or where considered appropriate by the Administration a
second 9 GHz radar, or other means to determine and display the range and
bearing of other surface craft, obstructions, buoys, shorelines and
navigational marks to assist in navigation and in collision avoidance, which are
functionally independent of those referred to in paragraph 2.3.2; and
2. a second automatic tracking aid, or other means to plot automatically the
range and bearing of other targets to determine collision risk which are
functionally independent of those referred to in paragraph 2.5.5.
H) All ships of 10,000 gross tonnage and upwards shall, in addition to meeting the
requirements of paragraph G with the exception of paragraph G.2, have:
1. an automatic radar plotting aid, or other means, to plot automatically the
range and bearing of at least 20 other targets, connected to a device to
indicate speed and distance through the water, to determine collision risks
and simulate a trial manoeuvre; and
2. a heading or track control system, or other means, to automatically control
and keep to a heading and/or straight track.
I) All ships of 50,000 gross tonnage and upwards shall, in addition to meeting the
requirements of paragraph H, have:
1. a rate of turn indicator, or other means, to determine and display the rate of
turn; and
2. a speed and distance measuring device, or other means, to indicate speed
and distance over the ground in the forward and athwartships direction.
J) Ships engaged on international voyages shall be fitted with an Electronic Chart
Display and Information System (ECDIS) as follows:
1. passenger ships of 500 gross tonnage and upwards constructed on or after 1 July
2012;
2. tankers of 3,000 gross tonnage and upwards constructed on or after 1 July 2012;
3. cargo ships, other than tankers, of 10,000 gross tonnage and upwards constructed
on or after 1 July 2013;
4. cargo ships, other than tankers, of 3,000 gross tonnage and upwards but less than
10,000 gross tonnage constructed on or after 1 July 2014;
5. passenger ships of 500 gross tonnage and upwards constructed before 1 July
2012, not later than the first survey on or after 1 July 2014;
6. tankers of 3,000 gross tonnage and upwards constructed before 1 July 2012, not
later than the first survey on or after 1 July 2015;
7. cargo ships, other than tankers, of 50,000 gross tonnage and upwards constructed
before 1 July 2013, not later than the first survey on or after 1 July 2016;
8. cargo ships, other than tankers, of 20,000 gross tonnage and upwards but less
than 50,000 gross tonnage constructed before 1 July 2013, not later than the first
survey on or after 1 July 2017; and
9. cargo ships, other than tankers, of 10,000 gross tonnage and upwards but less
than 20,000 gross tonnage constructed before 1 July 2013, not alter than the first
survey on or after 1 July 2018;
K) Administrations may exempt ships from the application of the requirements of
paragraph J when such ships will be taken permanently out of service within two
years after the implementation date specified in subparagraphs J.5 to J.9 of
paragraph J.
When "other means" are permitted under this regulation, such means must be
approved by Administration in accordance with regulation 18.
3. Each magnetic compass is properly compensated and its table or curve of residual
deviations is available on board in the vicinity of the compass at all times.
1 Definitions
1.2 The standard compass is a magnetic compass used for navigation, mounted in
a suitable binnacle containing the required correcting devices and equipped with a
suitable azimuth reading device.
1.3 The steering compass is a magnetic compass used for steering purposes
mounted in a suitable binnacle containing the required correcting devices.
Note: If the transmitted image of a sector of the standard compass card of at least
15° to each side of the lubber mark is clearly readable for steering purposes at the
main steering position, both in daylight and artificial light according to 7.1, the
standard compass can also be regarded as the steering compass.
A./Res.382(X)
Magnetic compasses carriage and performance standards
2 Compass Card
2.1 The compass card should be graduated in 360 single degrees. A numerical
indication should be provided every ten degrees, starting from North (000°)
clockwise to 360°. The cardinal points should be indicated by the capital letters N,
E, S and W. The North point may instead be indicated by a suitable emblem.
2.3 The card of the steering compass should clearly be readable both in daylight
and artificial light at a distance of 1.4 m. The use of a magnifying glass is
permitted.
A./Res.382(X)
Magnetic compasses carriage and performance standards
3 Materials
3.1 The magnets used in the directional system and the corrector magnets for
correcting the permanent magnetic fields of the ship should have a high coercivity
of at least 11.2 kA/m.
3.2 Material used for correcting induced fields should have a low remanence and
coercivity.
3.3 All other materials used in the magnetic compass and in the binnacle should
be non-magnetic, so far as reasonable and pracicable and such that the deviation
of the card caused by these materials should not exceed (9/H)°, where H is the
horizontal component of the magnetic flux density in μT (micro Tesia) at the place
of the compass.
A./Res.382(X)
Magnetic compasses carriage and performance standards
4 Performance
The magnetic compass equipment should operate satisfactorily and remain usable
under the operational and environmental conditions likely to be experienced on
board ships in which it is installed.
A./Res.382(X)
Magnetic compasses carriage and performance standards
5 Constructional Error
5.1 With the compass rotating at a uniform speed of 1.5° per second and
temperature of the compass of 20°C ± 3°C the deflection of the card should not
exceed (36/H)°, if the diameter of the card is less than 200 mm. If the diametter of
the compass card is 200 mm or more, the deflection of the card should not exceed
(54/H)° ; H being defined as in sub-paragraph 3.3.
5.2 The error due to friction should not exceed (3/H)° at a temperature of 20°C ±
3°C; H being defined as in sub-paragraph 3.3.
5.3 With a horizontal component of the magnetic field of 18 μT the half period of
the card should be at least 12 seconds, after an initial deflection of 40°. The time
taken to return finally to within ±1° of the magnetic meridian should not exceed
60 seconds after an initial deflection of 90°. Aperiodic compasses shall comply
with the latter requirements only.
A./Res.382(X)
Magnetic compasses carriage and performance standards
6 Correcting Devices
6.1 The binnacle should be provided with devices for correcting semicircular and
quadrantal deviation due to:
• the horizontal components of the ship's permanent magnetism;
• heeling error;
• the horizontal component of the induced horizontal magnetism;
• the horizontal component of the induced vertical magnetism.
6.2 The correcting devices provided in sub-paragraph 6.1 should ensure that no
serious changes of deviation occur under the influence of the conditions described
in paragraph 4 and particularly considerable alteration of magnetic latitude.
Sextantal and deviations of higher order should be negligible.
A./Res.382(X)
Magnetic compasses carriage and performance standards
7 Construction
7.1 Primary and emergency illumination should be installed so that the card may
be read at all times. Facilities for dimming should be provided.
7.2 With the exception of the illumination, no electrical power supply should be
necessary for operating the magnetic compass.
7.3 In the case where an electrical reproduction of the indication of the standard
compass is regarded as a steering compass, the transmitting system should be
provided with both primary and emergency electrical power supply.
7.4 Equipment should be constructed and installed in such a way that it is easily
accessible for correcting and maintenance purposes.
7.5 The compass, binnacle and azimuth reading device should be marked to the
satisfaction of the Administration.
A./Res.382(X)
Magnetic compasses carriage and performance standards
7 Construction
7.6 The standard compass should be suspended in gimbals so that its verge ring
remains horizontal when the binnacle is tilted up to 40° in any direction, and so
that the compass cannot be dislodged under any condition of sea or weather.
Steering compasses suspended in gimbals should meet the same requirements. If
they are not suspended In gimbals they should have a freedom of the card of at
least 30° in all directions
8 Positioning
8.2 The standard compass should be installed so that from ifs position the view is
as uninterrupted as possible, for the purpose of taking horizontal and celestial
bearings. The steering compass should be clearly readable by the helmsman at the
main steering position.
A./Res.382(X)
Magnetic compasses carriage and performance standards
8 Positioning
8.3 The magnetic compasses should be installed as far as possible from magnetic
material. The minimum distances of the standard compass from any magnetic
material which is part of the ship's structure should be to the satisfaction of the
Administration. The following diagram gives general guidelines to indicate the
minimum desirable distances from the standard compass. The minimum desirable
distances for the steering compass may be reduced to 65 per cent of the values
given by the diagram provided that no distance is less than 1m. If there is only a
steering compass the minimum distances for the standard compass should be
applied as far as practicable.
8.4 The distance of the magnetic compass from electrical or magnetic equipment
should be at least equal to the safe distance specified for the equipment and be to
the satisfaction of the Administration
A./Res.382(X)
Magnetic compasses carriage and performance standards
8 Positioning
GYRO-COMPASSES
A./Res.424(XI)
Performance standards for gyro-compasses
1. Introduction
1.2 The equipment should comply with the following minimum performance
requirements.
A./Res.424(XI)
Performance standards for gyro-compasses
2. Definitions
For the purpose of this recommendation, the following definitions apply:
• The term "gyro-compass" comprises the complete equipment and includes all
essential elements of the complete design.
• The ''true heading" is the horizontal angle between the vertical plane passing
through the true meridian and the vertical plane passing through the ship's
fore and aft datum line. It is measured from true north (000°) clockwise
through 360°.
• The compass is said to be "settled" if any three reading taken at intervals of
thirty minutes, when the compass is on a level and stationary base, are within
a band of 0.7°.
• The "settle point heading" is the mean value of ten readings taken at twenty
minute intervals after the compass has settled as defined in paragraph 2.3.
The "settle point error" is the difference between settle point heading and true
heading.
• The other errors to which the gyro-compass is subject are taken to be the
difference between the observed value and the settle point heading.
A./Res.424(XI)
Performance standards for gyro-compasses
3. Method of presentation
The compass card should be graduated in equal intervals of one degree or a
fraction thereof. A numerical indication should be provided at least at every ten
degrees, starting from 000° clockwise through 360°.
4. Illumination
Fully adequate illumination should be provided to enable reading of scales at all
times. Facilities for dimming should be provided
A./Res.424(XI)
Performance standards for gyro-compasses
5. Accuracy
5.1 Settling of equipment
5.1.2 The settle point error as defined in paragraph 2.5 at any heading and at any
latitude up to 60° should not exceed it 0.75 x secant latitude where heading
indications of the compass should be taken as the mean of 10 readings at 20
minute intervals, and the root mean square value of the differences between
individual heading indications and the mean should be less than 0.25° x secant
latitude. The repeatability of settle point error from one run-up to another shall be
within 0.25° x secant latitude.
A./Res.424(XI)
Performance standards for gyro-compasses
5.2.2 The repeatability of the settle points error of the master compass shall be
within ± 1° x secant latitude under the general conditions mentioned in
paragraphs 6.1 and 8 and including variations in magnetic field likely to be
experienced in the ship in which it is installed.
A./Res.424(XI)
Performance standards for gyro-compasses
5.2.4 The maximum divergence in reading between the master compass and
repeaters under all operational conditions should not exceed ± 0.5°.
Note: When the compass is used for purposes other than steering and bearing, a higher accuracy might
be necessary.
To ensure that the maximum error referred to in sub-paragraph 5.2.3.4 is not exceeded in practice, it
will be necessary to pay particular attention to the siting of the master compass.
A./Res.424(XI)
Performance standards for gyro-compasses
6. Power supply
6.1 The equipment should be capable of operating continuously in accordance
with the requirements of this recommendation in the presence of such variations
of the power supply as are normally expected in a ship.
6.2 Means should be incorporated for the protection of the equipment from
excessive currents and voltages, transients and accidental reversal of power supply
polarity.
6.3 If provision is made for operating the equipment from more than one source
of electrical energy, arrangements for rapidly changing from one source of supply
to the other should be Incorporated.
A./Res.424(XI)
Performance standards for gyro-compasses
7. Interference
7.1 All steps should be taken to eliminate as far as practicable the causes of, and to
suppress, electromagnetic interference between the gyro-compass and other
equipment on board.
7.2 Mechanical noise from all units should be so limited as not to prejudice the
hearing of sounds on which the safety of the ship might depend.
7.3 Each unit of the equipment should be marked with the minimum strafe
distances at which it may be mounted from a standard or a steering magnetic
compass.
9.2 Means should be provided for correcting the errors induced by speed and
latitude.
1 - Introduction
1.1 Devices to measure and indicate speed and distance are intended for general
navigational and ship manoeuvring use. The minimum requirement is to provide
information on the distance run and the forward speed of the ship through the
water or over the ground. Additional information on ship's motions other than in
the forward axis may be provided. The equipment should comply fully with its
performance standard at forward speeds up to the maximum speed of the ship.
Devices measuring speed and distance through the water should meet the
performance standard in water of depth greater than 3 m beneath the keel.
Devices measuring speed and distance over the ground should meet the
performance standard in water of depth greater than 2 m beneath the keel.
1.2 Radar plotting aids/track control equipment require a device capable of
providing speed through the water in the fore and aft direction.
1.3 In addition to the general requirements in resolution A.694(17), devices to
measure and indicate speed and distance should comply with the following
minimum performance requirements.
A.824(19)
Performance standards for devices to indicate speed and distance
2 - Methods of presentation
2.1 Speed information may be presented in either analogue or digital form. Where
a digital display is used, its incremental steps should not exceed 0.1 knots.
Analogue displays should be graduated at least every 0.5 knots and be marked
with figures at least every 5 knots. If the display can present the speed of the ship
in other than the forward direction, the direction of movement should be
indicated unambiguously.
2.2 Distance run information should be presented in digital form. The display
should cover the range from 0 to not less than 9999.9 nautical miles and the
incremental steps should not exceed 0.1 nautical miles. Where practicable, means
should be provided for resetting a readout to zero.
2.3 The display should be easily readable by day and by night.
A.824(19)
Performance standards for devices to indicate speed and distance
2.4 Means should be provided for transmitting measured speed and distance run
information to other equipment fitted on board. In this regard:
• the information on all speed and distance parameters, including direction
should be transmitted in accordance with the relevant international marine
interface standards1;
• additionally, when the equipment is used for measuring forward speed, then
the information may be transmitted using closing contacts and, if so, this
should be in the form of one contact closure each 0.005 nautical miles run.
2.5 If equipment is capable of being operated in either the "speed through the
water" or "speed over the ground" mode, mode selection and mode indication
should be provided.
A.824(19)
Performance standards for devices to indicate speed and distance
2.6 If the equipment has provision for indicating speeds other than on a single fore
and aft direction, then both the forward and athwart speeds should be provided
either through the water or over the ground. Resultant speed and direction
information may be provided as a display selectable option. All such information
should clearly indicate the direction, mode and validity status of the displayed
information.
A.824(19)
Performance standards for devices to indicate speed and distance
3 - Accuracy of measurement
3.1 Errors in the measured and indicated speed, when the ship is operating free
from shallow water effect and from the effects of wind, sea bottom type, current
and tide, should not exceed the following:
• for a digital display - 2% of the speed of the ship, or 0.2 knots, whichever is
greater;
• for an analogue display – 2.5% of the speed of the ship, or 0.25 knots,
whichever is greater; and
• for output data transmission – 2% of the speed of the ship, or 0.2 knots,
whichever is greater.
A.824(19)
Performance standards for devices to indicate speed and distance
1 Introduction
1.1 The echo-sounding equipment required by Regulation. 12 of Chapter V, as
amended, should provide reliable information on the depth of water under a ship
to aid navigation.
1.2 The equipment should comply with the following minimum performance
requirements. These Performance Standards are applicable for ship speeds from 0
up to 30 knots.
2 Range of depths
Under normal propagation conditions the equipment should be capable of
measuring any clearance under the transducer between 2 meters and 200 meters.
3 Range scales
3.1 The equipment should provide a minimum of two range scales one of which,
the shallow range, should cover a range of 20 m, and the other, the deep range,
should cover a range of 200 m.
A.224(VII)
Performance standards for Echo-Sounding equipment
4 Main display
The primary presentation should be a suitable graphical display which provides
the immediate depth and a visible record of soundings. The displayed record
should, show at least 15 min of soundings.
5 Other displays
Other forms of display may be added but these should not affect the normal
operation of the main display.
8. Multiple installations
More than one transducer and associated transmitter-receiver may be fitted.nIf
more than one transducer is used:
• means should be available to display the depths from the different
transducers separately;
• a clear indication of the transducer(s) in use should be provided.
9 Data storage
10 Accuracy of measurement
Based on a sound speed in water of 1,500 m/s, the tolerance of the indicated
depth should be either: +/- 0.5 m on the 20 m range scale, respectively +/- 5 m on
the 200 m range scale; or +/- 2.5% of the indicated depth, whichever is greater.
11 Discrimination
The scale of display should not be smaller than 5.0 mm per meter depth on the
shallow range scale and 0.5 mm per meter depth on the deep range scale.
12 Depth alarm
An alarm signal - both visual and audible with mute function - should be provided
when the water depth is below a preset value
14 Operational controls
The function of range scale selection should be directly accessible.
The settings for the following functions should be recognizable in all light
conditions:
• range scale; and
• preset depth alarm
15 Marks
The graphical display should be capable of showing:
• depth marks at intervals not larger than one-tenth of the range/scale in use;
and
• time marks at intervals not exceeding 5 min.
16 Paper recording
If paper is used for recording either by marks on the recording paper, or by other
means, there should be a clear indication when the paper remaining is less than
1m
AUTOPILOTS
MSC 64(67)
Performance standards for heading control systems
1 Introduction
In addition to the general requirements contained in resolution A.694(l7)"·,
heading control systems should comply with the following minimum performance
requirements.
2 Objectives
2.1 Within limits related to the ships's manoeuvrability the heading control
system , in conjunction with its source of heading information , should enable
a ship to keep a preset heading with minimum operation of the ship's
steering gear.
2.2 A heading control system may work together with a track control system
adjusting its heading for drift.
3 Functional requirements
3.2 Performing turns The heading control system should be able to perform
turns , within the turning capability of the ship, based either on a preset
turning radius or a preset rate of turn.
3.5 Preset heading Any alteration of the preset heading should not be
possible without intended action of the ship's personnel. 3.6 Limiting of
overshoot The heading control system should change to a preset heading
without significant overshoot.
MSC 64(67)
Performance standards for heading control systems
4.3 When changing over from manual to automatic steering the heading
control system shall take over the actual heading as the preset heading.
5.1 If the heading control system works as part of a track control system,
then when switching from track control to heading control, the actual
heading should be taken as the preset heading.
5.2 Any switching back to track control shall not be possible without
intended action of the ship's personnel.
MSC 64(67)
Performance standards for heading control systems
6.5 Sensor status The heading control system should provide an indication
when any input from external sensors used for control is absent. The
heading control system should also repeat any alarm on the status messages
concerning the quality of the input data from its external sensors when
they are used for control.
MSC 64(67)
Performance standards for heading control systems
7 Controls
7.1 The number of operational controls should be such that easy and safe
operation can be achieved . The controls should be designed to preclude
inadvertent operation.
7.4 Where remote control stations are provided, facilities for the delegation
of control to the remote station and unconditional return of control should
be incorporated in the master station .
7.5 Except for the preset heading setting control, the actuation of any other
control should not significantly affect the heading of the ship .
7.6 Additional controls at remote positions should comply with the provisions
of this performance standard.
MSC 64(67)
Performance standards for heading control systems
8 Interfacing