Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab

(ETCS 257)

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Ms. Medhavi Pandey Sunil Kumar
Assistant Professor Enroll No: 12018002720
CSE Department Roll No: C22
B.Tech CSE(3rd Sem)
 INDEX
S. No. Name Of Experiment Remark
1 Write a program to draw computer
graphics primitives.
2 Write a program to draw a line using
DDA algorithm.
3 Write a program to draw a line using
Bresenham line drawing algorithm.
4 Write a program to draw a circle
using mid point algorithm.
5 Write a program to draw a circle
using bresenham circle algorithm.
6 Write a program showing 2-D
transformation.
7 Write a program showing 3-D
transformation.
8 Write a program to draw a bezier
curves.
 LAB 1
Ques: Write a program to draw computer graphics primitives.

Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <graphics.h>
void main()
{
    int gdriver= DETECT, gmode;
    initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode,"C:/TURBOC3/BGI");
    putpixel(200,200,BLUE);
    setcolor(WHITE);
    line(50,50,100,100);
    setcolor(RED);
    circle(200,200,100);  
    getch();
    closegraph();
}

RESULT:

.
 LAB 2
Ques: Write a program to draw a line using DDA algorithm.

CODE:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
float x,y,x1,y1,x2,y2,dx,dy,step;
int i,gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:/TURBOC3/BGI");
printf("Enter the value of x1 and y1:");
scanf("%f%f",&x1,&y1);
printf("Enter the value of x2 and y2:");
scanf("%f%f",&x2,&y2);
dx=abs(x2-x1);
dy=abs(y2-y1);
if(dx>=dy)
step=dx;
else
step=dy;
dx=dx/step;
dy=dy/step;
x=x1;
y=y1;
i=1;
while(i<=step)
{
putpixel(x,y,5);
x=x+dx;
y=y+dy;
i=i+1;
delay(100);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}

RESULT:
 LAB 3
Ques: Write a program to draw a line using Bresenham line drawing
algorithm.

CODE:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>

void drawline(int x0,int y0,int x1,int y1)
{
int dx,dy,p,x,y;
clrscr();
dx=x1-x0;
dy=y1-y0;
x=x0;
y=y0;
p=2*dy-dx;
while(x<x1)
{
if(p>=0)
{
putpixel(x,y,BLUE);
y=y+1;
p=p+2*dy-2*dx;
}
else
{
putpixel(x,y,BLUE);
p=p+2*dy;
}
x=x+1;
}
}
void main()
{
int gdriver=DETECT,gmode,error,x0,y0,x1,y1;
initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode,"C:/TURBOC3/BGI");
printf("Enter co-ordinates of first point: ");
scanf("%d%d",&x0,&y0);
printf("Enter co-ordinates of second point:");
scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1);
drawline(x0,y0,x1,y1);
getch();
closegraph();
}

RESULT:
 LAB 4
Ques: Write a program to draw a circle using mid point algorithm.

CODE:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
 
void drawcircle(int x0, int y0, int radius)
{
    int x = radius;
    int y = 0;
    int err = 0;
 
    while (x >= y)
  {
    putpixel(x0 + x, y0 + y, 7);
    putpixel(x0 + y, y0 + x, 7);
    putpixel(x0 - y, y0 + x, 7);
    putpixel(x0 - x, y0 + y, 7);
    putpixel(x0 - x, y0 - y, 7);
    putpixel(x0 - y, y0 - x, 7);
    putpixel(x0 + y, y0 - x, 7);
    putpixel(x0 + x, y0 - y, 7);
 
    if (err <= 0)
  {    
        y += 1;
        err += 2*y + 1;                    
  }              
 
    if (err > 0)
  {
        x -= 1;
        err -= 2*x + 1;
  }
    delay(100);
  }
}

void main()
{
    int gdriver=DETECT, gmode, error, x, y, r;
    initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "C:/TURBOC3/BGI");

    printf("Enter radius of circle: ");

    scanf("%d", &r);

    printf("Enter co-ordinates of center(x and y): ");

    scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);
    drawcircle(x, y, r);

    getch();
}

RESULT:
 LAB 5
Ques: Write a program to draw a circle using bresenham circle
algorithm.

Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <math.h>

void EightWaySymmetricPlot(int xc,int yc,int x,int y)

{
    putpixel(x+xc,y+yc,RED);
    putpixel(x+xc,-y+yc,YELLOW);
    putpixel(-x+xc,-y+yc,GREEN);
    putpixel(-x+xc,y+yc,YELLOW);
    putpixel(y+xc,x+yc,12);
    putpixel(y+xc,-x+yc,14);
    putpixel(-y+xc,-x+yc,15);
    putpixel(-y+xc,x+yc,6);
}

void BresenhamCircle(int xc,int yc,int r)

{
    int x=0,y=r,d=3-(2*r);
    EightWaySymmetricPlot(xc,yc,x,y);
    while(x<=y)
  {
        if(d<=0)
    {
            d=d+(4*x)+6;
    }
        else
    {
            d=d+(4*x)-(4*y)+10;
            y=y-1;
    }
        x=x+1;
        EightWaySymmetricPlot(xc,yc,x,y);
  }
}

int main(void)
{
    int xc,yc,r,gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
    initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
    errorcode = graphresult();
    if (errorcode != grOk)
  {
        printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
        printf("Press any key to halt:");
        getch();
        exit(1);
  }
    printf("Enter the values of xc and yc :");
    scanf("%d%d",&xc,&yc);
    printf("Enter the value of radius :");
    scanf("%d",&r);

    BresenhamCircle(xc,yc,r);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    return 0;
}

RESULT:
 LAB 6
Ques: Write a program showing 2-D transformation.

CODE:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>

int x1,y1,x2,y2,midx,midy;
void axis();
void translation()
{
int tx,ty,xn1,yn1,xn2,yn2;
printf("\n Enter the translation:\n");
scanf("%d%d",&tx,&ty);
cleardevice();
outtextxy(400,100,"TRANSLATION");
xn1=x1+tx;
yn1=y1+ty;
xn2=x2+tx;
yn2=y2+ty;
axis();
rectangle(xn1,yn1,xn2,yn2);
getch();
}

void scaling()
{
float xn1,yn1,xn2,yn2;
float sx,sy;
printf("Enter the scaling factor");
scanf("%f%f",&sx,&sy);
cleardevice();
outtextxy(300,200,"SCALING");
xn1=x1*sx;
yn1=y1*sy;
xn2=x2*sx;
yn2=y2*sy;
axis();
rectangle(xn1,yn1,xn2,yn2);
getch();
}

void rotation()
{
int ang;
float rx,xn1,yn1,xn2,yn2,x1n1,y1n1,x2n2,y2n2;
printf("\n Enter the angle for rotation:\n");
scanf("%d",&ang);
cleardevice();
outtextxy(500,200,"ROTATION");
rx=(ang*3.14)/180;
xn1=x1*cos(rx)-y1*sin(rx);
yn1=y1*cos(rx)+x1*sin(rx);
xn2=x2*cos(rx)-y2*sin(rx);
yn2=y2*cos(rx)+x2*sin(rx);
x1n1=x2*cos(rx)-y1*sin(rx);
y1n1=y1*cos(rx)+x2*sin(rx);
x2n2=x1*cos(rx)-y2*sin(rx);
y2n2=y2*cos(rx)+x1*sin(rx);
axis();
line(xn1,yn1,x1n1,y1n1);
line(x1n1,y1n1,xn2,yn2);
line(xn2,yn2,x2n2,y2n2);
line(x2n2,y2n2,xn1,yn1);
getch();
}

void shearing()
{
float sh;
float xn1,yn1,xn2,yn2,x1n1,y1n1,x2n2,y2n2;
printf("\n Enter the value for shearing:\n");
scanf("%f",&sh);
cleardevice();
outtextxy(500,100,"SHEARING");
xn1=x1+sh*y1;
yn1=y1;
xn2=x2+sh*y2;
yn2=y2;
x1n1=x2+sh*y1;
y1n1=y1;
x2n2=x1+sh*y2;
y2n2=y2;
axis();
line(xn1,yn1,x1n1,y1n1);
line(x1n1,y1n1,xn2,yn2);
line(xn2,yn2,x2n2,y2n2);
line(x2n2,y2n2,xn1,yn1);
getch();
}

void reflection()
{
int xn1,yn1,xn2,yn2;
cleardevice();
outtextxy(300,100,"REFLECTION");
if((x1<y1)^(x1<y1))
{
xn1=x1+100;
xn2=x2+100;
yn1=y1;
yn2=y2;
}
else
{
xn1=x1;
xn2=x2;
yn1=y1+100;
yn2=y2+100;
}
axis();
rectangle(xn1,yn1,xn2,yn2);
getch();
}

void get()
{
printf("\n Enter the coordinates x1,y1,x2,y2");
scanf("%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2);
outtextxy(200,100,"ORIGINAL OBJECT");
x1= getmaxx() / 2-x1;
y1= getmaxy() / 2-y1;
x2 = getmaxx() / 2+x2;
y2 = getmaxy() / 2+y2;
axis();
getch();
}

void axis()
{
midx=getmaxx() / 2;
midy=getmaxy() / 2;
line(0,midy,midx*2,midy);
line(midx,0,midx,midy*2);
rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);
}

void main()
{
int ch,gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
get();
do
{
cleardevice();
outtextxy(10,10,"1)TRANSLATION");
outtextxy(10,20,"2)SCALING");
outtextxy(10,30,"3)ROTATION");
outtextxy(10,40,"4)SHEARING");
outtextxy(10,50,"5)REFLECTION");
outtextxy(10,60,"6)EXIT");
outtextxy(10,70,"ENTER UR CHOICE:");
scanf("%d",&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
translation();
break;
case 2:
scaling();
break;
case 3:
rotation();
break;
case 4:
shearing();
break;
case 5:
reflection();
break;
case 6:
exit(0);
}
}while(ch<6);
}

RESULTS:
 LAB 7
Ques: Write a program showing 3-D transformation.

Code:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void trans();
void axis();
void scale();
void rotate();
int maxx,maxy,midx,midy;
void axis()
{
getch();
cleardevice();
line(midx,0,midx,maxy);
line(0,midy,maxx,midy);
}
void main()
{
int ch;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:/TURBOC3/BGI");
printf("\n 1. Translation \n2.Scaling\n 3.Rotation\n 4.Exit");
printf("Enter your choice");
scanf("%d",&ch);
do
{
switch(ch)
{
case 1: trans();
getch();
closegraph();
break;
case 2: scale();
getch();
closegraph();
break;
case 3: rotate();
getch();
closegraph();
break;
case 4: break;
}
printf("Enter your choice");
scanf("%d",&ch);
} while(ch<4);
}
void trans()
{
int x,y,z,o,x1,x2,y1,y2;
maxx=getmaxx();
maxy=getmaxy();
midx=maxx/2;
midy=maxy/2;
axis();
bar3d(midx+50,midy-100,midx+60,midy-90,10,1);
printf("Enter translation factor");
scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
printf("After translation:");
bar3d(midx+x+50,midy-(y+100),midx+x+60,midy-(y+90),10,1);
}
void scale()
{
int x,y,z,o,x1,x2,y1,y2;
maxx=getmaxx();
maxy=getmaxy();
midx=maxx/2;
midy=maxy/2;
axis();
bar3d(midx+50,midy-100,midx+60,midy-90,5,1);
printf("before translation\n");
printf("Enter scaling factors\n");
scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z);
printf("After scaling\n");
bar3d(midx+(x*50),midy-(y*100),midx+(x*60),midy-(y*90),5*z,1);
}
void rotate()
{
int x,y,z,o,x1,x2,y1,y2;
maxx=getmaxx();
maxy=getmaxy();
midx=maxx/2;
midy=maxy/2;
axis();
bar3d(midx+50,midy-100,midx+60,midy-90,5,1);
printf("Enter rotating angle");
scanf("%d",&o);
x1=50*cos(o*3.14/180)-100*sin(o*3.14/180);
y1=50*sin(o*3.14/180)+100*cos(o*3.14/180);
x2=60*cos(o*3.14/180)-90*sin(o*3.14/180);
y2=60*sin(o*3.14/180)+90*cos(o*3.14/180);
axis();
printf("After rotation about z axis");
bar3d(midx+1,midy-y1,midx+x2,midy-y2,5,1);
axis();
printf("After rotation about x axis");
bar3d(midx+50,midy-x1,midx+60,midy-x2,5,1);
axis();
printf("After rotation about y axis");
bar3d(midx+x1,midy-100,midx+x2,midy-90,5,1);
}

RESULT:
 LAB 8
Ques: Write a program to draw a bezier curves.

Code:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
void bezier(int x[4],int y[4])
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int i;
double t;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:/TURBOC3/BGI");
for(t=0.0; t<1.0; t+=0.0005)      // t values lies between 0 to
1.
{
// formula to draw curve.
double xt=pow(1-t,3)*x[0]+3*t*pow(1-t,2)*x[1]+3*pow(t,2)*(1-
t)*x[2]+pow(t,3)*x[3];
double yt=pow(1-t,3)*y[0]+3*t*pow(1-t,2)*y[1]+3*pow(t,2)*(1-
t)*y[2]+pow(t,3)*y[3];
putpixel(xt,yt,WHITE);        
}
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
putpixel(x[i],y[i],YELLOW);// control points n=3
getch();
closegraph();
return;
}
void main()
{
int x[4],y[4];
int i;
printf("Enter the x- and y-coordinates of four control points.\
n");
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
scanf("%d%d",&x[i],&y[i]);
bezier(x,y);
}

RESULT: